Qinisekisa ukuba yeyiphi I-Analysis Data Idatha ehambisana neNjongo YomPhando
Uhlalutyo loLwazi lweeNkcukacha
Kule ndlela yokuhlalutya idatha yophando, ulwazi oluqokelelweyo lubekwe ngokwemiphumo eyahlukahlukileyo kwi-dataset.
Oku kunika umfanekiso opheleleyo wedata kwaye kunceda kwinkqubo yokuchonga iipateni .
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokubonisa idatha ekuququzeleleni ukuhlalutya kusetyenziswa ukuhanjiswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo , ukubethelwa ngokulandelelanisiweyo kwenani leempendulo okanye amanqaku ngokwecandelo ngalinye eliguqukileyo. UkuBoniswa kubonelela ngendlela echanekileyo yokuchonga ukuchaneka kwedatha, ukuchonga ama-outliers, ukulinganisa ukusabalala kwamanqaku okanye iimpendulo, kwaye ugcine ixesha eliqhelekileyo .
Uhlalutyo lokuQinisekisa kokuQinisekisa
Xa uhlalutyo lwenkcazo luphathwa njengendlela yokwenza uhlalutyo , lunikeza indlela yokucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo umxholo wemidiya. Olu hlobo lokuhlalutya lomxholo lusetyenziswe imilinganiselo echanekileyo kwikhowudi , impawu kwaye ithelekise itekisi.
Xa i-qualitative approach ithathwa kuhlalutyo lwangaphakathi , kugxininiso ekuhlalutheni kokubhaliweyo okanye okubonakalayo kokubhaliweyo kunye nokutolika intsingiselo engavumelekanga yeetekisi ezinokuthi zichazwe kwi-text, kodwa oko akucaciswanga ngokucacileyo kuwo .
Ukugxininiswa kokuhlalutya kwimiqulu yenkcazelo yeenkcukacha , nto leyo ingachaza umda omkhulu wendlela-ukungakwazi kwayo ukubonelela ngokucebisayo ukuthethwa kweetekisi
Indlela yokuQhathaniswa rhoqo
Le ndlela yokuhlalutya kwedatha yinkqubo yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwenkqubo apho abaphandi baqhathanisa idatha nganye emitsha nedatha esele ihlolwe kwisifundo.
- Vula ukuCoding: Ibinzana ngalinye leenkcukacha libhaliswe kwaye lihanjiswa kwisihloko esifanelekileyo okanye siyalahlwa ukuba akukho kubaluleka kubonwa. Le khowudi iyenzeka ngokuhambelana nendlela idatha yeenkcukacha efanisa ngayo nomzimba oqokelelweyo wolwazi oluhlalutyiweyo .
- I-Axial Coding: Njengoko izicatshulwa zeenkcukacha zihlalutyiwe, iintlobo ezintsha zezahlulo ziza kuvela. Emva kokuba yonke idatha ibhalwe phantsi kwaye ibelwe iindidi zezihloko, umphandi uhlola iindidi zezihloko ezikhulayo. Ukuzaliswa kweengxelo kubakho xa kungekho datha entsha ibonakala ivela kwi-data ehlolwe.
- UkuCoding okukhethiweyo: Kule nqanaba lokugqibela lokubhala, iindidi zezihloko kunye nokusebenzisana kwamacandelo kusetyenziswa ukudala ibali lebali elixelela okanye lichaze into ebalulekileyo yocwaningo.
Ukusetyenziswa koHlolo lokuHlola
Isihluthulelo sokuhlalutya ngokuphumelelayo kwedatha yolungileyo kukuqonda xa kufuneka kusetshenziswe indlela yokuhlalutya kwaye xa kungcono ukhethe enye indlela yokuhlalutya idatha .
Uhlalutyo loLwazi lweeNkcukacha: Uhlalutyo lwengcaciso olulinganisiweyo usebenzisa idatha yexesha eliqhubekayo elinomyalelo onengqiqo kunye nokungafani okwenziwe phakathi kwamanani, kodwa leyo ayinayo i-zero zendalo. Izinto kwi-Likert scale isomzekelo omhle wedatha yexesha.
Uhlalutyo olulinganisiweyo lwezoQiniso: Kuphando lwezempilo, izicatshulwa ezifanelekileyo ukuhlalutya umxholo ziquka iziphakamiso zesibonelelo, imiqulu ebhaliweyo, imizuzu kwiintlanganiso, imibhalo yeengxoxo, iintetho zezobugqirha, intetho-ndlebe kunye namaqela okujolisa . Izicatshulwa ezifanelekileyo zokuhlalutya kwimihlaba yezempilo zibandakanya nemiyalezo eyaziswa kubantu ngokubhaliweyo ngamaphephandaba, omagazini, i-radiyo, umabonwakude kunye ne-intanethi.
Indlela yokuqhathaniswa rhoqo : Indlela yokuqhathaniswa rhoqo yokuhlaziywa kwedatha ingasetyenziselwa iimpendulo ezilungisiweyo, njengemibuzo yocwaningo oluvaliweyo , okanye iimpendulo ezingenakulungiswa, njengalezo zifunyenwe xa abathathi-nxaxheba beempendulo baphendula izinto ezivulekileyo kwi-questionnaire. Oko kwathiwa, inkqubo yokuhlalutya kwedatha elandelelanayo mhlawumbi inokusetyenziswa xa isetshenziswe ngeakhawunti epheleleyo equkethe idatha engaqinisekanga, njengemiqulu yodliwano-ndlebe.
Ukunikezwa kweeNkcukacha
Indlela eyafumaneka ngayo ukuhlalutya kwedatha okanye iziphumo zingenza umehluko phakathi kophando olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nophando olufakwe kwi-shelf. Umgaqo wesithupha ukubonisa idatha ngendlela eya kuqondakala kwaye isebenzise kubantu abancinci abaza kufumana ukuhlalutya kwedatha.
- Uhlalutyo loLwazi lweeNkcukacha: Iinkcukacha zivame ukuboniswa ngendlela eyancipha idatha ukusuka kwimiba ephindweyo kunye neepesenti.
- Uhlalutyo olulinganisiweyo lweengxelo: Iinkcukacha zinokufumaneka kwiibhile kunye namatriki. Oku kunenzuzo ngokukodwa xa izicaphuno zisetyenziselwa ukuchazela iziphumo ngokufunyanwa kwe-interweaving . Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuhlaziywa kohlalutyo kunokwenzeka nangokuba isandla sombhalo sisabhalwa kwifomu yokugqibela.
- Indlela yokuQhathaniswa rhoqo : Ukunikezelwa kwezinto ezifunyenweyo kwinkqubo yohlalutyo yolwazi oluchanekileyo kujoliswe ekutyhileni iindatshana eziye zavela kwiinkcukacha. Nangona ukubonakaliswa kwedatha kungasetyenziselwa, iziphumo zibophelelwe ngokucacileyo kwiinkcukacha ezithile ezivela kwisethi yedatha, ezibonisa ngokucacileyo iindatshana . Ezi nkcazo zibandakanya kwingxoxo yenkcazo yecandelo lemiphumo yombhalo wesandla kunye / okanye inqaku.
I-Fit yoHlanyo lweNkqubo kunye neDatha eqokelelelweyo
Ukuqwalasela indlela yokuhlaziywa kwedata kwi-data eqokelekileyo kunye nemibandela yophando kunye nenjongo ekugqibeleni ibangela ukuqonda okunamandla okunokusetyenziswa
- Uhlalutyo loLwazi lweeNkcazo lufanelekile kumbuzo ovalwe umbuzo ophelileyo kwiimvavanyo.
- Uhlalutyo lokuQinisekisa kokuQinisekisa kulungelelaniswa kwedatha yokuphendula imibuzo.
- Uhlalutyo olulinganiselayo olulinganiselayo luyimfuneko efanelekileyo kwimibandela yokuphendula evulekile ekuhloleni kunye kunye neempendulo zendlebe ndlebe.
Imithombo
I-Glaser, iBG & Strauss, AL (1967). Ukufunyaniswa kweNkcazo eSebenziweyo: Amacandelo okuPhando oluPhuculo. ENew York: Aldine De Gruyter.
I-Graneheim, UH & Lundman, B. (2004). Uhlalutyo olulungelelwanisiweyo lokuphanda uphando: Imigaqo, iinkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo yokufezekisa ukuthembeka. UmNcedisi weMfundo namhlanje, 24 , 105-112.
Rubin, HJ & Rubin, IS (2004). Udliwano-mbuzo olufanelekileyo: Ubugcisa bokuvalelwa kwedatha (yesi-2 ed). Amawaka ama-Oaks, CA: i-Sage Publications.
Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Isiseko sophando olulinganisiweyo: Iinkqubo kunye neendlela ezikhoyo. I-Newbury Park, CA: I-Sage Publications Publications.
Warren, CAB & Karner, TX (2005). Ukufumanisa iindlela zokuziphatha: Uphando lwemihlaba, udliwano-ndlebe kunye nohlalutyo. Los Angeles, CA: Inkampani yaseRoxbury Publishing.