Inyathelo 2 - Indlela yokudala iNcwadi yeNcwadi yeeNgcaciso zeDatha
Ukuqhagamshelana nawo onke amanqaku kumacandelo anikezelwa ngezantsi.
Isikhokelo soMqali-nto wokuQala -I_Yakho Uhlalutyo loLwazi oluCwangcisiweyo
Inyathelo 1. Beka Iingxelo zeTable kunye neKholamsi
Inyathelo 2. Indlela yokulungisa iNcwadi yeNcwadi yeeNgcaciso zeDatha
Inyathelo 3. Indlela yokulungisa iThebhile yoThutho lweDatha
Isinyathelo 4. Nikela iikhowudi ukulungiselela ukuhlaziywa kwedatha
Isinyathelo 5. Yenza Uhlobo lweMikhowudi edibeneyo kunye neyeZiqendu
Inyathelo 6. Indlela yokwenza iNgcaciso yeKhowudi kunye nokuHlanganiswa kweeTables zeData
Isinyathelo 7. Ukuqwalasela okuphambili kwi-Analysis Data Data Analysis
Iincwadi zeNcwadi zeBakala
Uqala uhlalutyo lwengcaciso oluchanekileyo lubhala. Ikhowudi yileyibhile yokuthayipha ingcamango okanye ixabiso elifumaneka kwimbali okanye umbhalo.
Iincwadi zekhowudi ziquka iinkcazo zezihloko kunye neengqungquthela ezisetyenzisiweyo njengeenkcukacha zokubhalwa kwetekisi yenkcazelo. Iingqungquthela ziyakwazi ukuba zichazwe ngabaphenduli (ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi- vivo codes) okanye ezo zakhiwe okanye zenziwe ngumphandi.
Umxholo ngamnye kunye nomxholo othize unikwe inombolo ye-numbe engasetyenziselwa ukuhlenga idatha yombhalo kunye nokufudukela kwiindawo ezibhalwe kwisicatshulwa sokuhlalutya. UkuCoding kuphucula ukuthembeka njengoko kudala isakhiwo nesivumelwano malunga neenkcazelo ezibalulekileyo, ukwakha, kunye neempendulo .
Ukuthembeka kwiCoding
Ukuchonga ukuba yiyiphi ikhowudi ekufuneka ihanjiswe kwimiyalezo ethile ayibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ingxaki efanelekileyo yokuthembela kukuba iifowuni okanye abaqingqiweyo abahlala bekhokha iindatshana ezifanayo zetekisi ngokufanayo. Ukuthembeka kunokuphuculwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa iicandelo ezicacileyo zokubhalwa kwekhowudi.
Ukunyaniseka kwimiba emibini okanye emithathu yekhowudi ingabalwa. Olu ngqamaniso lwangaphakathi okanye oluchanekileyo lwekhowudi luya kubonisa ukuba ngaba umphandi ufuna ukuhlaziya i-coding scheme . Inkomfa yokubala inkcazo ye-inter-rater yokuthembeka iboniswe ngezantsi:
- Ukuthembeka = # yezivumelwano / # iikhowudi ezipheleleyo (# izivumelwano zekhowudi + ukungavumelani kwikhowudi ye- #)
- Kuphi:
- Izivumelwano zekhowudi = iimpawu ezifanayo zikhethwe ngamakhowudi amabini okanye ngaphezulu
- Iikhowudi ezingavumelaniyo = iikhowudi ezahlukeneyo zanyulwa ngamakhowudi amabini okanye ngaphezulu
Indlela yokuCoding
Izicwangciso ezintathu ezihluke kakhulu zokubhala:
- Ukudalulwa kweencwadi kwikhowudi ngokwemfundiso
- Ukuqhafaza nge-induction (ngokutsho "kwimilo-mfundiso")
- Ukuqhafaza ngeeklasi zengxoxo
I-Code-Book Creation Ngokwe-Theory
Xa uthatha indlela esekelwe kwimfundiso yokudala incwadi yencwadi, umcwaningi wemakethe udala uluhlu lweengcamango ezisekelwe kwimibuzo yophando okanye i-hypothesis . Ukusebenzisa izikhokelo zokuhlalutya kunye nohlalutyo lwezinto, umphandi usebenza ngokusebenzisa ingxelo kunye neenkcukacha zombhalo ngokubhekiselele kwiingcamango .
Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokubhala nge-induction (ngokwemfundiso ephantsi ), okanye ukubhalwa kwimiba ye-intological , tyelela eli nqaku.
I-Code Code Book - Itheyibhile Yokubhekisela
Njengoko kuboniswe kwitheyibhile elingezantsi, iikhowudi zokugqibela zamanani zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga izihloko. Ukuchonga iindatshana kunye neikhowudi ngale ndlela kwenza kube lula ukukhetha inkqubo ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kwedatha. Itafile yencwadi yekhowudi ihluke kwitafile yokurekhoda kwedatha eboniswe kwiNyathelo 1. Itafile yeencwadi zekhowudi isebenza njengento yokubhekisa, kodwa ayikho itafile esebenzayo .
Ukongeza kwienkcazo zezihloko kunye neengqungquthela, incwadi yekhowudi inokuba neenkalo ezisetyenziselwa ukufakwa okanye ukukhutshwa kweziganeko zetekisi kwiindidi ezicacileyo. Ukunyamekela, ukucwangciswa okunengqiqo kwencwadi yekhowudi kunye nesakhiwo sokubhaliweyo kukukhuthaza ukukhokha kunye nokugqitywa kweziphumo.
Ifomathi ekhuthazwayo yencwadi yekhowudi yinkcazelo engqiqo kwaye ilandele isakhiwo esifanelekileyo sesicatshulwa .
Umzekelo-Isinyathelo. 2.
| Nqanaba | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Umxholo |
| 4.0000 | Umculo kwiBarrio (Venezuela) | ||
| 4.05 | Iiklasi ze-Nucleo - zomculo iMF ntambama kunye noSat. kusasa | ||
| 4.10 | Yilowo nalowo ufundisa isivumelwano esisisiseko | ||
| 4.105 | Njengomfundi womculo, baqeqesha abafundi abatsha | ||
| 4.15 | Umculo obumbeneyo uqinisa ingqiqo yoluntu | ||
| 4.20 | Uhlobo lomculo lwamaClassi lendlela yokutshintsha kwintlalo / ubulungisa boluntu | ||
| 4.205 | Ukuzichaza ngokuzenzekelayo kwabaculi abancinci ngonaphakade | ||
| 4.215 | I-Orchestra iphakamisa ukuma kwabantu kwaye ikhuthaza ukufakwa |
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekulungiseni ukuhlaziywa kwedatha ngu:
Inyathelo 3 - Indlela yokulungisa i-Data for Analysis kunye noTyangulation.
Imithombo:
Dey, L. (1993). Uhlalutyo lweedatha olululo ELondon: uRoutledge noKegan Paul.
LaPelle, iNR (2004). Ukunciphisa ukuhlalutya kwedatha yokufaneleka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zeprosoft software. Boston, MA: IYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts Medical School.
MacQueen, KE, McLellan, K., Kay, K., noMilstein, B. (1998). Ukuphuculwa kwencwadi yekhowudi yokuhlalutya kwekhwalithi esekelwe kwikomiti. I-Journal yeCAM, 10 , 31-36.
IMiles, MB kunye noHubermanm, AM (1994). Uhlalutyo lwenkcukacha olufanelekileyo: Incwadi enokwandisiweyo (yesi-2nd ed.) Amawaka ama-Oaks, CA: i-Sage Publications.