- Inyathelo 1 - Ukuchaza ingxaki kunye neenjongo zophando
- Inyathelo 2 - Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sophando jikelele
- Inyathelo 3 - Ukuqokelela idatha okanye ulwazi
- Inyathelo 4 - Hlaziya idatha okanye ulwazi
- Inyathelo 5 - Okwangoku okanye ukusabalalisa iziphumo
- Inyathelo 6 - Sebenzisa iziphumo zokwenza isigqibo
Umbuso wesibini weemarike- Ukuphuhlisa iplani yophando jikelele - enye yezinyathelo ezinzima njengoko iqulethe izinto ezihlukeneyo. Enye yalezi ziqendu kukuthatha isigqibo sokuba ubani onokunika ulwazi olugqithiseleyo kumbuzo wophando kunye nezinye izigqibo zoshishino. Lo msebenzi uquka ukwakhiwa kwesicwangciso sampampu esiya kuqinisekisa ukuba idatha eqokelelweyo imele i-target target population.
Uphuhliso lwesicwangciso sampulu lulandela ukukhethwa kwendlela yophando kunye nezixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa ukuqokelela idatha . Iinkqubo ezibandakanyekayo ekuboneni nasekufumaneni isampula ziyaziwa ngokubanzi njengecebo lokusampula . Isampuli yecandelo liqela labathathi-nxaxheba bezophando okanye abaphendulayo apho isakhelo sampampu siya kuphuhliswa kwaye apho isampuli iyakunyuselwa ekugqibeleni.
Xa sele kusetyenziswe isicwangciso sampula sampula, kwaye isakhelo sampulu selisungulwe, ke umcwaningi wemakethi ujongene nokuqhelanisa nendlela yokuthintana naye kunye nokuthetha kunye neqela elithatha inxaxheba elibonakala lilungelelaniso leprojekthi yophando. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye neenkqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuba onke amalungu eqela iqela le sreyimu yesampula ekugqibeleni ayifakiwe kwisampuli.
Ngokomzekelo, isampula esingahleliyo yinkqubo enqanda ukuba amalungu esakhelo sampuli abakhethiweyo kwisampuli. Amanye amalungu esakhelo sampula ayayi kukhethwa kwisampuli ngenxa yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka baqale bavume ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisifundo, okwesibini, eso sivumelwano kufuneka sisekelwe kwintuthuzelo yabo kunye neemeko zophando kunye nokunikezelwa kwemvume enolwazi.
Iinqununu ezintathu eziphambili zokuseka iSicwangciso seSampuli
Iyunithi yesampula kunye neSakhelo sokuSamphula - Isigqibo sokuqala sokuba umcwaningi weemakethe makayenze ukujonga isampuli yesampuli. Ukuze ufeze le nyathelo, umcwaningi weemarike kufuneka achaze abantu abajoliswe kuyo. Okokuthi, umbuzo kufuneka uphendulwe: Ngubani oza kuthatha inxaxheba kulo uphando?
Isakhelo sesampula siphuhliswa kwiyunithi yesampula, injongo ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ilungu ngalinye labantu abajoliswe kulo lilithuba elilinganayo lokuthabatha isampuli . Nangona kunjalo, le ngqalelo ayikho imigaqo yokuqhuba uphando olulinganiselayo kuba ipharamitha yelinye elilinganayo lisetyenziselwa uphando olusisiseko-siseko apho i-hypothesis ivavanywa. Olu hlobo lophando, olungapheliyo, lusekelwe kwisithethe sezesayensi.
Omnye umzekelo wendlela yokwenza isampula engabonakaliyo yinkampu echanekileyo .
Ubukhulu besampula - Isigqibo sesibini ukuba umcwaningi wemarike kufuneka akwenze kuhambelana nobukhulu besampula. Umbuzo omele uphendulwe ngu: Bangaphi abantu abaza kuba nxaxheba kumphando? ngophando olulinganisiweyo, injongo kukufezekisa isampula esimeleyo kubantu abajoliswe kulo, kwaye oku kuya kufumaneka ngokuqwalasela ubungakanani besampula, amanqanaba okuzithemba, kunye nexesha lokuzithemba .
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-sampuli enkulu, ngokuqinisekileyo ukufunyanwa kophando kuya kubakho, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufunyaniswa okungakumbi kungabonakaliswa kubantu abajoliswe kuyo kwiprojekthi yophando. Ukulawulwa kwesigqabiso kukuba isampuli iya kubonelela ngokuqinisekileyo xa iingaphantsi kweepesenti enye yoluntu ekujoliswe kuyo ithatha inxaxheba kwisifundo sophando.
I-caveat kukuba inkqubo yokwenza isampulu kufuneka ifaneleke kwaye iqhutywe ngamandla.
Inkqubo yokuSamphula - Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeenkqubo zokuthayibla: Isampululelo esilungeleleneyo kunye nesampampu olungenakwenzeka. Kuphando olulinganisiweyo, isampula enokwenzeka isetyenziswe kuluntu ekujoliswe kuyo ukwenzela ukubala ezinye iingqinisiso zamanani. Isampula esenzekayo ibonisa amanqanaba okuzithemba okanye imida yokuzithemba ehambelana nephutha lokusampula.
Isampululelo esinokubangela ukuba kubekho ukucima kwizinto eziphathekayo (kuquka ixesha, imali, nobuchule), kodwa ayivumele umcwaningi wemakethi ukuba enze imilinganiselo yesampula. Iinkqubo ezingabonakaliyo zokutyelela iinkqubo zinokunika iinkcukacha ezisebenzisekayo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukuqonda iimarike. Njengoko uphando olulinganisiweyo kunye nophando oluninzi, kukho abaxhasi kunye nabagxeki bokungenakwenzeka kunye neenkqubo ezingenakunokwenzeka zokutshekisha.
Izindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule ziya kuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedata, kwaye kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zeempendulo zidibanisa uhlobo lweedata ezifunekayo ukuphendula imibuzo yophando.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili ukunyathela ezintathu zocwangciso lophando, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inxalenye yesicwangciso sampampu ejongene noqhagamshelwano nalabo bantu abakhethiweyo kwisakhelo sophando ukuze bahlanganyele ophando.
Imithombo
Kotler, P. (2003). UkuPhathwa kweNtengiso (11th.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: I-Pearson Education, Inc., i-Prentice Hall.
Lehmann, DR Gupta, S., kunye neSeckel, J. (1997). Uphando lwemakethi. Ukufunda, MA: I-Addison-Wesley.