Konke malunga nesampampululwazi engahleliweyo
Yintoni echanekileyo isampuli?
Isampuli ngumeleli-mini wabantu abaninzi.
Iisampuli zinokumiselwa ngokusemthethweni okanye ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa iisampuli ezicwangciswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokweendlela ezithile zenzululwazi ngokubanzi zibonwa njengeluncedo ngakumbi ekwenzeni izibonelelo malunga nabantu abaninzi.
Kuthetha ukuthini?
Iisampuli ezinamandla ziqulethwe ngamacandelwana amancinci athatyathwa njengendlela eyahlukileyo kwiindlela ezibalulekileyo. Iqoqo lala maqela ahambelana neentlobo ngokubhekiselele kulo libizwa ngokuba yi-strata. Le ndlela yokwenza isampula inkqubo yenza abantu bahluke kwiinqunkwana ezinxulumene nazo ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo ezilula.
Kutheni kusisampuli esiluncedo?
Injongo yoluhlu lokulandelelanisa okukhethiweyo kukuba ukhethe abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kwiinqunkwana ezahlukeneyo ezikholelwa ukuba zihambelana nophando oluya kuqhutywa. Ngokomzekelo, iziphumo zophando zingathonyelwa ziziganeko zezifundo , ezifana nobudala babo, isini, izinga lolwazi lomsebenzi, ubuhlanga kunye noluntu, imeko yezoqoqosho, izinga lemfundo elithotyelweyo, njalo njalo.
Isampuli esakhiweyo yakhiwa ukwenzela ukuba ezi zimeko ezinokubakho zinokuthi zithathwe ngokucacileyo ukuba zibonise umzekelo wale mpawu kubemi bonke. Ngale ndlela, isampula ibonisa uluntu apho lithathwe khona, kodwa isampuli ayinakutsholwa ukuba imela abantu abaninzi .
Khumbula, ukukhethwa kwamalungu esampuli echanekileyo akuyiyo inkqubo engahleliyo. Oko kwathiwa, xa isiseko senziwe, isampuli esilulayo eselulayo isetyenziselwa ukukhetha amalungu eesampuli kwicandelo ngalinye .
Kuthetha ukuthini ukungathandabuzeki?
Isampuli esisalathisileyo singenakwenzeka kuba zonke iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukukhetha isampuli yoluntu zinika indlela enokuthenjwa yokuqikelela indlela ummeli wesampula kubantu abakhulu (ubuninzi bendawo) apho isampuli ikhethwe khona. Ngamanye amazwi, isampula enokuthi ivumeleke umphandi ukuba aqikelele iimeko ezikhethiweyo ukuba isampuli ekhethiweyo okanye ayibonakalisi abantu abaninzi apho isampuli ithathwa khona.
U mzekelo
Sebenzisa iindlela ezikhethiweyo zendlela yokujonga iindlela xa kunomdla kumbindi phakathi kwamagqabana ahambelanayo kunye nesampula enkulu yabemi ngokubanzi.
Masithi abahlali bezentengiso banokuhlulwa ngamaqela amathathu: iGen-Xers, iGen-Yers (Millennial), kunye ne-Baby Boomers. Ngaphezu koko, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba iiGen-Xers kunye neGen-Yers zincinci ezincinci zabathengi bezo shishino. I-Gen-Xers yenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-5 zoluntu jikelele lwabaxhasi kunye neGen-Yers zakha malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zabaxhasi.
Isampuli esilulayo samanqaku angama-100 (n = 100) anokuvelisa i-Gen-Xers kunye ne-Gen-Yers eyi-10 ukuba sisebenzise inxalenye yesampuli ye-10 ekhulwini. Kuza kwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke neGen-Xers encinci kunye ne-Gen-Yers embalwa kunokuba isampuli - nje ngethuba. Ukuqiniswa kunokwenzeka ukuba kuveliswe iziphumo ezingaphezulu. Sithi sifuna ukuba nabantu abangama-25 kwiqela ngalinye. Ukuba sisathatha isampuli ye-100 (n = 100), ngoko sinokuyilungisa i-25-Gen-Xers, i-25 Gen-Yers kunye ne-50 Baby Boomers.
Siyazi ukuba i-10 ekhulwini yabemi i-Millennials okanye iGen-Yers (okanye malunga nabaxumi bethu bathengi.) Isampula esingahleliyo yabaxumi abangama-25 iya kunika inxalenye yesampula ye-sampling ye-25/100 okanye i-25 pesenti. kubaxumi abangama-50 abangenabo abantwana boBantwana boBu-Xers. Oku kuthetha ukuba inqununu ye-stratum iya kuba ngama-25/50 okanye i-50 ekhulwini.
Ngoko, i-50 iGen-Xers kunye ne-100 iGen-Yers iyonke i-150 yesampuli sethu somthengi. Ekubeni inani labathengi lilonke li-1000, sisusa i-Gen-Xers kunye neGen-Yers (abaxumi be-150 abathengi) abashiya abathengi abangama-850, abaBantwana boomers. Iqhezu lesampampu ye-stratum ye-Baby Boomers i-50/850 okanye malunga ne-5.88 ekhulwini.
Izinto ezimbini ziyabonakala: (1) Amacandelo amathathu ahambelana kakhulu phakathi kweqela kunabantu bonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ulwahlulo oluncinane, olunikeza ithuba lokuchaneka kwamanani olwazi . (2) Kwaye ekubeni isampuli ichanekile, kuya kuba namalungu aneleyo kwiqela ngalinye ukuze akwazi ukwenza inkcazo enengqiqo .
Isampuli esilungeleleneyo sinokukhethwa ngaphezu kweempendulo ezizenzekelayo xa kubalulekile ukumela uluntu jikelele kunye nokumela amacandelwana abalulekileyo abemi, ngokukodwa xa iinqunjana zingancinci kodwa zichongwe ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokusampula ezicwangcisiweyo, umphandi unokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iinqunjana zingachazwa ngokwahlukileyo kwiingxoxo zophando.