Iindlela eziBini: I-Sampling Possibility Versus Non-Possibility Sampling
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokusampula ekuphenyweni kweemakethe: Isampula-sampula kunye nesampampu olungenakwenzeka. Isampula esinokwenzeka ukuba kufuneka ihlangabezane nale miqathango ilandelayo: Iyonke iyunithi yoluhlalutyo kufuneka ibe neli nani elifanayo lokufakwa kwiqela lesampula, kwaye ngoko umlinganiselo weemathematika waluphi na ilungu leqela lesampula elikhethwe ukuba isampuli libalwe.
Yintoni I Sampulu Iphutha kwaye Ndiyazi Njani Ukuba Ndiyena?
Xa usebenza kunye neesampula ezingenakwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuvela kwesiphene sampulu . Incinci iqela lokuthabatha, likhulu ithuba lokuphulwa kwephutha. Olunye uhlobo oluthile lwenkohlakalo lubangelwa ukungabandakanyeka. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuqonda impembelelo yokungathathi inxaxheba kwisiphumo sonke sesifundo. Omnye umzekelo uvela kwi-General Society Survey ka-1980 (GSS) apho abo abangazange bathathe inxaxheba kulo uphando bafunyaniswe ukuba bahluke kakhulu - njengeqela-kwalabo bathathe inxaxheba.
Amalungu eqela elilukhuni ukufikelela kuwo ahluke kakhulu kubathathi-nxaxheba beontanga-abathathi-nxaxheba ngokugqithiseleyo kwiimeko zentlalo, ubunjani bomtshato, ubudala, inani labantwana, impilo kunye nesondo.
Sithini Isampuli Sokuzonwabisa? Ngaba Kukulungele Ukuhlalutya?
Iisampula zokufumana ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa isayensi yoluntu kunye nesayensi yokuziphatha ngenxa yokuxhomekeka okukhulu kubafundi beekholeji, izigulane, amavolontiya ahlawuliweyo, amalungu enxibelelwano loluntu okanye imibutho esemthethweni, kunye namabanjwa.
Injongo yesayensi enkulu yentlalo kunye nophando lwezesayensi ukuziphatha ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziganeko ezithile zenzeka okanye azikho kwiqela elingaphononongo. Indlela eqhelekileyo kukujonga ubuhlobo phakathi kweempawu eziliqela . Iisampulu zokufumana izinto zisebenzisekile kwaye zanele ngokwale hlobo lokufunda. Kwakhona, kunceda ukuqaphela ukuba isampula esilulayo ayisoloko ilula ukuyifumana.
Iisampula zokufumana nazo zingalinganiswa ukuze ziqhathanise amaqela amabini. Ukuze usebenzise iisampuli ezinokulungelelana , umphandi kufuneka akwazi ukuchonga umlingani ilungu ngalinye kwisampuli yokuqala. Laba bafana ngamalungu eesibini (ezifanayo) isampuli. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zidibanisa ubulili, ubudala, ubuhlanga, ubuhlanga, ukufunyanwa kwemfundo, indawo yokuhlala, ukuxhaswa kwezopolitiko, inkolo, uhlobo lomsebenzi, kunye nomvuzo okanye umvuzo. Ukuqhagamshelanisa ezi ziguquko kunceda ekunciphiseni imithombo yeengxaki . Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukudibanisa ngokucophelela kungabangela ukuba iisampuli zamahhala-zisoloko zinokwenzeka ukuba zivela kwimithombo efihliweyo.
Yisiphi Isampuli Sokuthenga? Ngaba ihlala ikhona-ingenakwenzeka?
Isampuli esetyenzisiweyo sisetyenzisiweyo xa uphuhliso lwezophando lufuna isampula yabantu ababonisa iimpawu ezithile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zimpawu zingabonakaliyo okanye aziqhelekanga yaye aziqhelekanga ngokuqhelekileyo (ngokutsho "kwindonga evamile") kubantu abaninzi. Isampuli esichengileyo sichaphazelekayo, ezinye zazo zivela ngenxa yeendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuchonga amalungu esampula. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba injongo yophando idinga ukufundisisa ama-Veterans ngokulimala kwengqondo engathandekiyo (TBI), ngoko isampuli kufuneka iqule amalungu asekuhlaleni ayenzileyo yokulimala kwengqondo, kwaye ngubani owaziwayo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uyavuma ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisifundo . Ngayinye yale micala okanye iimeko zigalela imilinganiselo ye-sampulu kwisampuli, oko kukunciphisa izinga kunye nohlobo lwezigqibo ezibangelwa kwisifundo.
Ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kweNkqubo yokungabikho kwamanqaku okuNokwenzeka
Ubuncitshiseko obalulekileyo bokuthathwa kweempendulo ezingenakwenzeka kukuba ukungathinteli akunakudityaniswa malunga nabemi abaninzi ngokusekelwe kwisampula esingenakwenzeka.
Oku akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, nangona kunjalo, ekubeni imbono ebonakalayo yendlela abantu abaye bayifumana ngayo ukufunyanwa kophando kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo imeko apho abantu benza ngokungafanelekanga izigqibo ezivela kwiziphumo ezinxulumene namasampuli angenakwenzeka.
Kukwaziwa nangokuthi: ukulungelelanisa okuthe tye, isampuli esilungileyo
U mzekelo:
Iisampuli ezisebenza njengeempopasho zengqondo zoluntu zisasazwa ngombono wokuthi zimela ukuba amalungu omntu aya kuvota ngonyulo oluzayo okanye enjalo. Ezi sampulu mazimele zimelele kakhulu abantu ukuze zisetyenziswe ukwenza iziganeko malunga neziphumo zonyulo, ngokomzekelo.