Indlela yokusebenzisa abaqhubi abaphambili ukuhlalutya iDatha yophando

Iingxelo eziPhambili zoPhando lweeNkcazo zeeNgxelo ezijongene nabaxhasi

Idatha yophando iyazibophelela kakuhle kwinkqubo eyaziwa njengoluhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi . Ukuchonga nokuhlalutya abaqhubi abancinci banokukunceda abathengisi nabathengisi ukuba bafumane iimpendulo kwimibandela efana nale: Yintoni eyenza umthengi wam ukuba atshintshele kwelinye uphawu? Yintoni eyenza ukuba umthengi athenge umkhiqizo wam? Liliphi iqela elithengileyo elinelisekile ngeenkonzo zethu?

Njengokuba kukho nawuphi na uphando, inyathelo lokuqala libonisa imibuzo yolu vavanyo lenzelwe ukuphendula.

Umthengisi kufuneka anqume ukuba injongo yophando ibhekiselele, ichaza okanye ichaze (inqabile kwiphononongo). Kuthiwani ukuba zombini iintlobo zeenjongo zibalulekile?

Ubunzima: Umyinge

Ixesha elifunekayo: Iveki enye

Nantsi indlela:

1. Ulwalamano Lonke

   Uhlobo olubanzi lwezinto ezixhomekeke kuzo kunye nezizimeleyo zingabonwa ngohlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, uhlalutyo lujoliswe kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezixhomekeke kunye kunye neziguquko ezininzi ezizimeleyo. Ingumphumo obalaseleyo wezinto ezizimeleyo kwiintlobo ezixhomekeke kuzo ezijoliswe ngophando. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho uphawu olucwangcisekileyo (njengengxenye yemarike) inomdla kumxhasi. Ngolunye uhlangothi, kukho izikhombisi zeendlela zokusebenza okanye iimpawu ezichazayo ezikholelwa ukuba zihambelana nesicwangciso seqhinga ngendlela ethile.

2. Uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi lungaphendula "Kutheni?"

   Imilinganiselo efanelekileyo ekhethiweyo kunye nendlela yokuhlalutya ekhethiweyo yokuhlalutya okuphambili ngokuqhuba umqhubi ngokubanzi yinjongo yomsebenzi wophando: ukuchazwa, ukubikezela, inkcazo.

   Ukuba inkcazo yinjongo, ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo zikholelwa ukuba zithinte ukuhlukahluka okubonwe kwintlobo exhomekeke kuyo. Iimpendulo ezizimeleyo kufuneka zenziwe, kwaye. Ngokomzekelo, ukwaneliseka ngokubanzi kunye nenkonzo yabathengi (i-variable variable) inxulumene nexesha lokulinda, ukulula kweentlawulo, kunye nemigaqo yokubuyisela imali (zonke izinto ezizimeleyo kunye nokuphendula ukutshintsha, okanye isenzo).

1. Uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi lungaphendula "Kuthiwani?"

   Ukuba ukubikezela yinjongo yophando, iimfuno ezizimeleyo zifunwa ezibonisa isithembiso sokuqikelela isiphumo. Kule meko, iimpendulo ezizimeleyo akumele zenzeke. Injongo ekuphenyweni kwangaphambili akuyikutshintsha iinguqu ezixhomekeke kuyo, kodwa ukuqikelela into ethile malunga nayo. Ngokomzekelo, uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi lunokuba luyilungiselelwe ukuqikelela ukuhlaziywa emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwiprogram yokuthintela ukubhema, kodwa abaphandi banokuhlola iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezizimeleyo ezikholelwa ekuphuculeni izinga lokuphumelela kokuyeka ukutshaya.

1. Uhlalutyo oluPhambili lomqhubi luPhando oluBomi

   Iimpawu zeBrith zivame ukuwela kwenye yeentlobo ezintathu: Ukuwaneliseka, isivumelwano, okanye ukulinganisa ukusebenza. Izikali ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwa ukurekhoda iimpendulo zabaphendululwazi okanye ubuninzi beempawu kulezi zigaba. Isilinganiselo esingaqhelekanga sokulinganisa i-Likert, esetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ukwaneliseka kunye nesivumelwano semvumelwano. Xa abaphendululwazi baphendule amanqaku amaninzi yemveliso okanye inkonzo okanye iimpawu kwiimveliso ezininzi, banokukhangela ibhokisi "yee," kunye neenkcukacha eziphumo ezifakwe kwi-1/0. Idatha yebhanari iguqulelwa ngokukhawuleza ngenjongo yokuhlalutya kwamanani.

2. Abaqhubi ababalulekileyo beeNgqekembe zeeMveliso ezahlukeneyo

   Uphando lwamagcisa ombane lubonisa ukuba abaqhubi abakhulu abahlukeneyo bangabaluleka kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo, kwaye abanye abaqhubi abalulekileyo bangabaluleka kuwo onke amanqaku emakethe. Uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi lunokuba lula ukucwangcisa uphando kuba isicatshulwa singacelwa kuphela kwiseshoni, kodwa inkcazelo elandelelanayo ingahlanjululwa "kwizicucu" ezahlukeneyo okanye i-tranches ebonisa amaqela angabathengi ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kunokubonisa ubume benkcubeko, ubudala, ubulili, isimo sezemfundo, inzuzo, okanye amanqanaba okufikelela kwimfundo.

3. Uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi lungasetyenziselwa ngamaxabiso eCategori

   Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlalutya zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi. Ezinye izinto ezixhomekeke kwizinto ezixhomekeke kuzo zigaba, zingagqithwanga , kwaye ke azikwazi ukuhlaziywa ngohlaziyo oluqhelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, uhlalutyo olukhethekileyo olukhethekileyo okanye ukulungiswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kusetyenziswa. Iziguquko zeklasi zingasetyenziselwa uphando kunye neenjongo zokubaluleka nokucacisa. Ukwaneliseka kwabaThengi okanye ukuhlola ngokunyanisekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ixabiso leempawu ezibonisa ukuba, umzekelo, isimo sobudlelwane bamakhasimende (esebenzayo / esingasebenzi).

1. Unxibelelwano - Enye into enokuyicinga

   Umqhubi oyintloko ngumlinganiselo kunye nobuhlobo obubalulekileyo kwisiphumo esifanelekileyo okanye uphawu lwesicwangciso. Ukutshintsha okuzimeleyo kuthathwa njengelunxwemeni ukuba unxulumano oluchanekileyo kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kuyo. Umzekelo uya kuba yintengo yokunyaniseka - njengokuba intengo yeenguqu zenguqu, iprogram ehambayo yokuthengisa ivolumu ivela ekuphenduleni kule nguqulelo. Ngaphandle kokuba inqanaba eliphakamileyo lokubaluleka kwangaphambili lifunekayo, kwisifundo esenziwe kakuhle, iinkcukacha ezingqinelanayo zinokuthi zimelele iinkcukacha ezingekho mgca, ngaphandle kokuba zisebenzise iindlela eziphambili.

2. Izicelo zeSofthiwe zoHlolo oluPhambili loPhando

   Iiphakheji ezininzi ze-software zenzelwe ukuqhuba iinkqubo ezifunekayo zokuhlalutya okuphambili. Iphephandaba leQuirk lipapasha uphononongo lwesoftware.

   Ezi zibini ezidweliswe apha ziluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo ezivela kwizicelo ezisisiseko ezisetyenziselwe ukusebenza njenge-Microsoft Excel I-Add-ins kwiiplati ezibanzi ezifana ne-SPSS.

   ALLSTAT uhlalutyo lweedatha ezingabizi kunye nesisombululo samanani kwi-Microsoft Excel.

   I-SPSS iyimilinganiselo, kwaye iyenye iinguqulelo ezininzi - enye ye-module ye-IBM SSPS yokuThengisa ngqo ibonakala iyasebenza kubaphandi beemakethe.

1. Iinzuzo zohlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi

   Kungenxa yokuba uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi lusebenza kakuhle kwaye lunokutshabalalisa, lunceda ukugcina imida yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nolwazi lwemveliso yophando kunye nohlalutyo. Abaqhubi bezithuthi ezikhoyo - bathi, eziqhelekileyo kubaxhasi abaza kuthatha iseshwankathelo rhoqo ngonyaka - zingasetyenziselwa kwizikhokelo zophando ezikhoyo; Uphando olwenza uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi aludingeki lwenziwa ixesha elide okanye luyinkimbinkimbi. Imibuzo ejongene namakhasimende ayifuni ukutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukufumana uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi. Ibali elisebenzisa uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi liqondakala kwaye liboleke ekuboniseni okubonakalayo kwedatha yokubonisa.

2. Imbekiselo

   Uhlolo lwee-Quirk Market Research lipapasha amanqaku malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zophando lweemarike. Uluhlu lwazo lweeNkcukacha zoLwazi kunye neThando loPhando kunye neNtsholongwane luncedo kakhulu kubaphandi abanomdla kwiinkiti kunye neebhanti zophando lophando.

   Imithombo

   • I-Article ye-Quirk # 20010104 - Uphando lweendlela zokuhlalutya nguRajan Sambandam (weZiko loMpendulo e-Fort Washington, PA)
   • Icandelo lika-Quirk # 20010297 - > Uhlalutyo oluphambili lomqhubi nguMicheal Lieberman (we-Multivariate Solutions, eNew York