Indlela yoKhuthaza umgangatho kwiSampula zeMidiya zoLuntu
Ezi ntlukwano zabonwa ngobudala, isini, isimo somtshato, isimo sezentlalo, isimo sezempilo kunye nenani labantwana.
I mpendulo yoMpendulo
Umlinganiselo apho idatha ekupheleni kweso sifundo iquka onke amalungu kumasampuli adluliselwa njengezinga lokuphendula . Nangona le ngcamango icacile kwiphononongo ehleliweyo okanye isetyenzana lwendlebe nodliwano-ndlebe, lucacisa ngakumbi uphando lwamajelo oluntu. Nangona kunjalo, akubalulekanga kangangoko uphando lwamajelo asekuhlaleni kunokuba lukho kwezinye iindidi zophando olulungileyo . Izinga lokuphendula libalwe nenani labathathi-nxaxheba abagqibileyo uphando-okanye bavuma ukuba bathabathelwa udliwano-lwabiwo-lwahlulo lwabantu abenza umz Inani elipheleleyo kufuneka libandakanye abantu abangazange baqhagamshelane ngempumelelo okanye abangafuni ukuthatha inxaxheba kulo uphando.
Inkqubo yesiGaba
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iqokelelwe njani idatha, ukubaluleka kwezinga eliphezulu lokuphendula alikwazi ukugxininiswa ngokwaneleyo.
Akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza inani labantu xa izinga lempendulo yesampuli liphantsi. Isampululelo sokunyuka kwamanqanaba kunyuke njengamaqondo amanani okuphendula. Kwimibuzo esekelwe kumaphephandaba, xa amaxabiso okubuyela afika kuma-20 okanye iipesenti ezingama-30 zesampuli, elo qela labathathi-nxaxheba alifani ncamanani nabantu abathintelayo.
Ukholo olufanayo lwabantu ukubuyisela i-mail-in survey okanye ukuvuma ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiseshoni yefowuni eyenzeka nabantu ababandakanya amanxibelelwano eendaba loluntu: oko kukuthi, umdla othile kumbandela (okanye umveliso okanye inkonzo, njengoko kunjalo kuba).
Usayizi wesampula
Iisampuli ezincinci zinempazamo enkulu yesampula kunezampulu ezinkulu. Cinga ukuba i-sampuli idatha inikezela ukuqikelelwa kweempawu zabantu abaninzi. Isampula ngasinye esivela kwisakhelo sampampu sinika uqikelelo olulodwa lwabantu abaninzi. Ngokwemfundiso, kukho umzekelo ohlukeneyo weempendulo kwisampuli nganye ezithathwe kumbuzo ngamnye oceliwe. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kunye neesampuli ezaneleyo ezivela kwisakhelo sampulu, umzekelo oyinyaniso wawuza kuguqula umzekelo (wangempela) umzekelo wabantu abaninzi.
Umda weZiphumo
Iphutha lokusampula luchaza ukuchaneka koqikelelo ukusuka nasiphi na iisampuli ezithathwe kubantu abaninzi. Iphutha lokusampula libonakaliswe ngokwemigca yephutha edibene nezinga lokuzithemba, elona lingqinisiso . Ngokwe-poll yokukhetha ukhetho, umzekelo, ingxelo ingabonisa ukuba umntu ofanelekileyo uyamkelwa ngu-64% wabavoti. Umda wephutha uza kuba kunye-okanye-nciphisa amanqaku amathathu ngezinga lokuzithemba elingu-95%.
Ngamanye amagama, ukuba i-poll yenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye neesampuli eziyi-100 zabavoti, kwabavotela aba-100, abavoti abangama-95 babeza kubonisa ukuba umntu onelungelo elifanelekileyo nguye ongu-61% ukuya kuma-67% kwabavoti. Okokuthi, i-61% yabavoti + 3% okanye -3%.
Izigqibo malunga nobukhulu beSample
Umda wephutha ohambelana nesampuli uyahla njengoko ubungakanani besampula benyuka, kodwa kuphela kwindawo ethile. Xa ubungakanani beesampula bafikelela kubaphenduli abafika ku-1000 ukuya ku-2000, umda wephutha unelungelo elincinci ukwenzela ukuba kuqwalaselwa iisampula ezinkulu (kungekhona ukukhetha kweendleko ). Xa iinqunjana ziyingxenye yabemi abaninzi, iisampuli ezinkulu ziza kulungiswa ngenxa yokuba umda wephutha uya kuhluka kwiqela ngalinye ngokuxhomekeke kwinani labantu kwiingqutyana. Ngokomzekelo, unikezelwa ngamalungu ayi-1000 enethiwekhi yentlalo yoluntu kunye nomda wephutha olinganayo kwindawo ephakathi kwe-1 ukuya kwe-3 ngamaphesenti ngamaphesenti angama-95 okuzithemba, ukuhlaziywa kwenkqutyana ye-intanethi ye-intanethi-ithi, ukuhlala ekhaya- Amama enomyinge malunga ne-100-aya kuba nomda ophezulu wephutha malunga namanqaku angama-4 ukuya ku-10.
Ukumisela Isampula Ukunqongophala
Iisampuli zivandlakanywa ngokweendlela ezikhethiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunokuba ubukhulu obukhulu okanye ukubunjwa. Oku kubaluleke ngenxa yokuba-kwiimeko ezininzi-akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba umzekelo wesampuli unabantu abaninzi kangakanani. Iinkqubo zokubamba isatisti zisetyenziselwa kuba zivumela ukulinganiswa okuthe tye kunye nokwethembekileyo. Ukuseka ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuzithemba kunye nomda wephutha ekuqaleni kubenza abaphandi bajolise kwiimpawu ezinjengezinga lokuphendula kunye nezakhelo ezaneleyo.