Nentsingiselo Yokunakekelwa Kwezempilo
I-OSHA ichaza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo njengonikezelo lweenkonzo zempilo kubantu ngabanye, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngqo.
Ezi nkonzo zinokubonelelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezibhedlele, iiofisi zamazinyo kunye nemizi yezigulane. Ngo-2015, malunga neepesenti ezingama-43 zabasebenzi bezempilo babeqeshwe ekunyamekeleni ukunyamekela ngokwe-ambulatory ngokwe-BLS. Eli candelo liquka iiofisi zamagqirha, ii-laboratories, izibonelelo zononophelo lwangaphandle, kunye neenkonzo zonyango lwezempilo ekhaya. Phantse ama-36 ekhulwini ayeqeshwe zizibhedlele ngelixa iipesenti ezingama-21 eziseleyo zisebenza kumaziko okunonyamekela nakwiindawo zokuhlala.
Iingozi Zemisebenzi
Nangona i-shishini lonyango libonelela ngemisebenzi emininzi, lenza ezininzi iintlobo zeengozi zabasebenzi. I-CDC ichonge iindidi ezibanzi zokuchasana nabasebenzi bezempilo.
- A magciwane . Abasebenzi bezeMpilo bangabonakaliswa nezifo ezibangelwa zizifo ezinjengeibhaktheriya, ii-virus kunye nefungi. Amagciwane ahamba ngegazi angabangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-HIV / AIDS, isifo seengulube kunye ne-Ebola fever.
- Iingozi zeMichiza neKhemikhali . Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali zisetyenziselwa ukongamela impilo kwaye ezininzi zinokuba yingozi kwabasebenzi. Imizekelo yileyeza yokulwa nomhlaza kunye neziyobisi ezilawulwa ngendlela yegesi okanye ii-aerosol. Iingozi zeMichiza ziquka ukucocwa kunye nokucoca amanxeba, kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa kwiibhubhoratri zonyango.
- Iingozi Zemvelo . Abasebenzi bangalimala ngokwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo okanye xa behambisa abagulane. Ezinye izingozi zenyama zibandakanya ii-X ray, iil lasers, izinto ezifakwe kwi-radioactive, kunye nodlame lwendawo.
Izingozi ezithe zenziwa ngabasebenzi zixhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi abawenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, oongikazi basezibhedlele baxhomekeke kwimimandla okanye iiprafu ekuphakanyeni izigulane ngelixa abasebenzi bebhubhoratri baxhomekeke kwingozi ekwenzeni iichiza ezinobungozi.
Abasebenzi beZibhedlele
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-BLS, abasebenzi abaqeshwe kwizibhedlele ezizimeleyo bahlupheka kakhulu kwi-yengozi yomsebenzi kunye nezifo kunezo ziqeshwe kwezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nokuvelisa nokwakhiwa. Ukongezelela, ukulimala kwabasebenzi basezibhedlele kubakho kwindleko.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yokulimala ka-2015 yi-BLS ibonise ukuba ezimbini ezibangela ukulimala kwabasebenzi kwizibhedlele (ngaphandle kwezibonelelo zengqondo) ziphakamisa okanye zihambisa izigulane, kwaye zitshona kwaye ziwa . Kubasebenzi abaqeshwe kwizibhedlele zengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, eyona nto ibangela ukulimala kwaba yindawo yobundlobongela emsebenzini.
Abasebenzi bezeMpilo
Ukuguga kwabantu base-United States kuye kwenza ukunakekelwa kwempilo kwikhaya omnye wemisebenzi ekhula ngokukhawuleza kweli lizwe. I-BLS ibonise ukuba imisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwempilo ekhaya iya kunyuka ngama-40 ekhulwini ukususela ngo-20016 ukuya ku-2026.
Izigulane ezisebenzelwa ngabasebenzi bezempilo zonyango ngokuqhelekileyo zikhulile, zikhubazekile okanye zi-convalescent. Abaninzi badinga uncedo ngemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla njengokubhukuda, ukugqoka, nokuhamba ukusuka kwindawo eya endaweni. Abasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo basekhaya basekhaya kwizigulane, ngoko ke abanakho ukufikelela kwiindawo zokuphakamisa iiplanga, izitya kunye nezinye izixhobo ezihamba nezigulane ezisetyenziswa kwizibhedlele.
Ngenxa yokuba bavame ukuhambisa izigulane ngesandla, baxhomekeke ekuhlaleni kunye nokulimala. Basenokulimala nakwizilwanyana, ubundlobongela basekhaya, ama-slips kunye nokuwa, kunye nezingozi zokushayela.
Abasebenzi baseKhaya baseKhaya
Ngelixa abasebenzi base-nursing kunye neendawo zokunakekelwa kweendawo zokuhlala bajongana nemingcipheko efana nabasebenzi bezonyango, ezifana neengxaki kunye neentlobo, zixhomekeke kwiindlobongela zendawo. Ikota nganye yokuhlaselwa kwendawo yendawo yokusebenza eyenzekayo kumakhaya okunakekela abantwana kunye nokuhlala.
Ingxelo ye-CDC ibonisa ukuba uncedo lwabahlengikazi kumakhaya anesihlengikazi ngabasebenzi abasoloko behlaselwa e-US Umenzi wobugwenxa uhlala ekhulile ohlala nomdlavuza okanye esinye isifo sengqondo. Uncedo lwabahlengikazi lunokuhlaselwa kwakhona ngamalungu omndeni wabemi. Ukuhlaselwa amaninzi akuchazwa. Ngaloo ndlela, inani lenani leziganeko liphezulu kunezibalo zephondo zibonisa.
Ukukhusela Ukulimala
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezininzi iinkonzo zezempilo ziye zaphucula umgangatho wabo wokunyamekela ngenzame yokwandisa ukhuseleko lomguli. Xa izigulane zikhuselekileyo, abasebenzi banokuphepha. Abasebenzi banokukwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela emsebenzini xa bakholelwa ukuba umqeshi uyazibophezela ukugcina indawo yokusebenzela ephephile. Nazi ezinye iindlela abaqeshi abanokuzithatha ukulawula ezinye iingozi eziphambili ezijongene nabasebenzi bezempilo.
UkuPhatha okuPheleleyo
Abasebenzi bezeMpilo banomlinganiselo ophezulu wokulimala ngamasculoskelet kunabasebenzi kwamanye amashishini. Uninzi lwale nzakala lubangelwa ukuphakanyiswa, ukuhamba, okanye ukubeka kwakhona izigulane. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokulimala zihluma kunye neengxaki ezibandakanya amahlombe okanye ezantsi.
Ukuthintela ukulimala, abaqeshi kufuneka bancitshise okanye banciphise ukuphakanyiswa kweencwadi ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka. Oku kuya kufezwa ngokuchonga iintlobo zokuhamba ezinokuthi zenze ukulimala kwaye zinike izixhobo zokuncedisa.
Zininzi iintlobo zezixhobo ze-ergonomic ezikhoyo ezinokukunceda ukukhusela ukuxhatshazwa kwe-musculoskelet. Imizekelo idididididi, izihlalo zamasondo, nezihlalo zokuhlamba. Abasebenzi mabaxelelwe ukuba kwaye basebenzise njani izixhobo ezinjalo. I-CDC inika ingcaciso ecacileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-ergonomics ukukhusela ukulimala kwamasculoskeletal. Eli nqaku lijoliswe kumakhaya angamahlengikazi kodwa lifanelekileyo nakwamanye amaziko enkonzo.
Ulawulo loGawulayo
Abasebenzi bezempilo baya kubonakala kwiintlobo ezininzi zezifo ezithathelwanayo emsebenzini. Iimodare eziphambili zokusasazwa, ngokuhambelana neCDC, ziqhagamshelana, amaconsi, kunye neengqungquthela zomoya. Uqhagamshelwano lunokuthi luthe ngqo (ukuthintela isigulane esiphelelekileyo) okanye ngokungathanga ngqo (ukuthintela into enesifo esinjengombambo womnyango). Amathambisa angadalwa xa isigulane esipheleleko sigqubuthela okanye shenyuza. Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kwenzeka xa iincinci ezincinci zihlala zixhaswa emoyeni ngexesha elide. Iingqungquthela zingaphuthulwa ngezakhiwo ngeemeko zomoya.
Ukukhusela abasebenzi kwizifo ezithathelwanayo, abaqashi bezempilo kufuneka baqalise inkqubo yokulawula usulelo. Inkqubo kufuneka ijongane nemiba efana nokuhlamba izandla, ukucoceka, izixhobo zokusebenza zokukhusela, kunye nokulahlwa kweenaliti kunye nezinye izinto. Ulawulo losuleleko luyinkinga enzima. Abaqeshi banokufumana ulwazi olunzulu malunga nokulawula izifo ezithintekayo kwiwebhusayithi ye-OSHA.
Ukuphathwa kakuhle kwezinto eziyingozi
Kubaqeshwa kwindawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izinto eziyingozi zibandakanya iikhemikhali, iziyobisi, izinto (ezifana ne-latex) ezinokubangela ukunyuka, kunye nama-body agents njenge-radiation. Naliphi na lezi zinto zingabangela ukulimala ukuba kungabanjwanga kakuhle. I-OSHA inikeza imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo yokusingatha nganye kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Iikhemikhali ezifana ne-ethylene oxide kunye ne-formaldehyde
- Iziyobisi ezinobungozi ezifana ne-anesthetic gases
- I midiyo
- I-lateate allergies
Ukulawulwa koBundlobongela baseKhaya
I-OSHA ichaza ubudlova kwendawo yokusebenza njenganoma yintoni isenzo okanye isongelo lobundlobongela emzimbeni, ukuxhatshazwa, ukwesatshiswa, okanye ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo okwenzeka kwindawo yomsebenzi. Ubundlobongela bebasebenzi lubandakanya ukusongela, ukuxhaphazwa ngamagama, ukuhlaselwa , nokuhlaselwa . Enye yezona zikhuselekileyo ezikhuselekileyo ezinxulumene nobudlova emsebenzini, ngokwe-OSHA, ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokunyamezela. Umgaqo-nkqubo kufuneka usebenze kubasebenzi, izigulane, iindwendwe kunye nabani nabani na odibene nabasebenzi.
I-OSHA inikeza imiyalelo ecacileyo kubaqashi malunga nendlela yokuvavanya indawo yabo yokusebenzela kunye nokuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokukhusela ubundlobongela emsebenzini. Isicwangciso sokuthintela ubundlobongela singakwazi ukuma ngokwaso okanye sibandakanywe kwisicwangciso sezokhuseleko kunye nempilo, incwadana yenkqubo okanye incwadi yomsebenzi .