Nangona iindawo zokusebenzela zithuthukile kule minyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, izingozi ezinzulu zisenzeka.
NgoDisemba ka-2017, i-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) yakhipha ingxelo ebizwa ngokuba yiNational Census of Fatal Occupational Accidents in 2016 . Ingxelo ibonisa ukuba bekukho ama-5.190 okwenzakalisa ukulimala emsebenzini ngo-2016.
Ingxelo ye-BLS inikeza ingqiqo kwizinto ezibangela ukulimala okubulalayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto ezinobungozi kumashishini amakhulu. Unobungozi obuninzi bezizathu ezifanayo. Kwakhona, amanye amashishini afumaneke kakhulu ekufeni kwabasebenzi kunabanye.
Indaba ezimbi
Umbiko we-BLS unika iindaba ezimbi kakhulu. Okokuqala, izinga lokulimala kwabangama-3.6. Lo ngowona mgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wokulimala ukususela ngo-2010. Wayephakamileyo kunomlinganiselo ngo-2015, owawu-3.6. Abasebenzi abadala (abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu) banokulimala okungama-1,848 ngo-2016. Eli lizinga eliphezulu elibhalwe kweli qela ukususela ngo-1992.
Kukho iindaba ezimbi ngokubhekiselele ekuhlaseleni emsebenzini kunye nokuzibulala. Inani elipheleleyo labahlukumezi likhuphuke libe li-500, inani eliphakamileyo ukusuka ngo-2010.
Ukuzibulala emsebenzini kuyenyuka ukuya kwi-291, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke ukususela ngo-1992. Ukufa kwabantu kwindawo yokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kweziyobisi ezingekho phantsi kweziyobisi okanye ukwanda kotywala kwanda ukuya kuma-217, i-32% yanda ukusuka kunyaka odlulileyo.
Kwakukho ukulimala okungama-160 okubandakanya abasebenzi baseAsia, abangabasebenzi baseSpain ngo-2016. Ngo-2015, leli qela lalinokulimala okungama-114.
Ukulimala okubulalayo kwandisiwe kubasebenzi abamnyama okanye abamnyama base-Afrika, abangengabantu baseSpain. Ngo-2016, kukho i-587 yokufa kweli qela lifaniswa ne-495 ngo-2015.
Ukulimala kwabangasebenzi kwabasebenzi kumaziko okuzonwabisa nokuzibamkela kwenyuka ukususela ngo-225 ngo-2015 ukuya ku-298 ngo-2016. Kwakhona, abasebenzi abasebenza emininzi banamathuba amaninzi okufa kwabantu ukususela ngo-2003. Ezi ziquka abaphathi bezithuba zokuqala kumashishini wokwakha kunye nabasebenzi bokucoca ( 134), abasebenzi beendawo zokugcina umhlaba (125), abaqhobosheli (101), abaqingqi bemithi kunye nabaqhawulayo (84), abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi bokuthengisa (71), ochwephesha benkonzo yezimoto kunye neendlela (64), kunye nabasebenzi ababandakanyekayo ekulimeni, ekuhlaleni okanye ekuhlaleni (61).
Izizathu zokufa kwabasebenzi
I-BLS ichaza ukufa kwabasebenzi ngokusekelwe kwiintlobo ezintandathu ezibhalwe ngezantsi. Ireyiti ibonisa inani elipheleleyo lokufa kunye nepesenti yexabiso (4836) kwicandelo ngalinye. Ngokomzekelo, iziganeko ezingama-2054 zokuthutha ziquka malunga ne-42% yama-4836. (Iipesenti azifaki kwi-100 ngenxa yokujikeleza.)
| Isizathu Sokufa | Inani labantu abafa | % yeYonke |
|---|---|---|
| Iziganeko zothutho | 2083 | 40.1% |
| Ubudlova | 866 | 16.7% |
| Ukuqhagamshelana nezinto okanye izixhobo | 761 | 14.7% |
| I-Slips, Uhambo, i-Falls | 849 | 16.3% |
| Ukuboniswa kwizinto eziyingozi | 518 | 10.0% |
| Imililo, ukuqhuma | 88 | 1.0% |
Iziganeko zothutho zibandakanya izingozi zendlela kunye neendlela ezingekho komgwaqo ezibandakanya izithuthi zomhlaba ezihamba ngeenjini (i-autos kunye nemishini yeselula). Ngokubhekiselele kwi-BLS, iziganeko zendlela yeendlela zenze i-24% yazo zonke izingozi ezibulalayo ngo-2016. Ngokucacileyo, i-autos kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo yingozi enkulu yomsebenzi. Iziganeko zothutho zazibandakanyeka kwi-40% yeengozi ezibulalayo ngo-2016. Kwizinto ezibulalayo ezingama-2083 ezibangelwa ziziganeko zokuthutha, malunga ne-60% yenzeke endleleni.
Udidi loLudlo lubandakanya ukubulala abantu, ukuzibulala nokulimala okubangelwa zizilwanyana. Ukuhlaselwa kwabasebenzi emsebenzini kwanda malunga nama-20% ukususela ngo-2015.
Inxalenye enkulu yokufa (16.3%) eyenzeka ngo-2016 ibangelwa kwizihlwitha kunye nokuwa . Ubuninzi beziganeko (82%) zibandakanya ukuwa ukusuka kumgangatho ophezulu ukuya kumgangatho ophantsi.
Uninzi lwezoNkampani
I-BLS ibona ukufa ngokubhekiselele kumanani amabini apheleleyo kunye namaxabiso okushona (inani lokufa kwabantu abayi-100 000 abalingani bexesha elipheleleyo). Amanye amashishini asebenzisa abasebenzi abaninzi kunabanye. Ngaloo ndlela, izinga lokunciphisa umzimba linokubaluleka ngakumbi kunani lokufa.
Nazi iindawo ezilishumi ezinobungozi kakhulu (ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lokubulala) ekuhlaleni. Ishati ibonisa zombini inani lokufa nokulingana kweqela ngalinye kwishishini.
| Shishini | # Ukufa | Imilinganiselo yeFatality |
|---|---|---|
| Ulimo, amaHlathi, ukuLoba, ukuHlola | 593 | 23.2 |
| Ukuthutha, Ukugcina indawo | 825 | 14.3 |
| UkuGcina iMigodi, ukuQoba, ukuGesi kunye noTywala | 89 | 10.1 |
| Ukwakhiwa | 991 | 10.1 |
| U shishino loRhwebo | 179 | 4.8 |
| UbuGcisa, uLonwabo, uLonwabo | 96 | 3.9 |
| Izakhiwo eziMhlaba, Ukuqeshiswa kunye nokuqeshisa | 91 | 3.2 |
| Ezinye iiNkonzo | 223 | 3.2 |
| Izixhobo | 30 | 2.8 |
| Indawo yokuhlala, iiNkonzo zokutya | 202 | 2.2 |
| UkuThengisa | 318 | 2.0 |
IzoLimo, amaHlathi, ukuLoba, ukuHluma kwakunezinga eliphezulu lokufa kunanoma yiphina iqela loshishino. Iqela lesibini elinobungozi kakhulu lezentengiso liLithutha lokuThuthwa nokuLondolozwa. Amanye amashishini amabini anamaxabiso aphezulu okunyusa aMaMining, Quarrying njl kunye noKwakha. Amashishini asele kuloluhlu awanomlinganiselo omncinci wokufa ngaphezu kwezine.