I-Infographics inikeza ifomathi echazwe ngokukhawuleza ekuveliseni iziphumo zophando.
Ngendlela yokwenza i-infographics, ulwazi oluchanekileyo lwamanani lungabonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo ngokucacileyo okukhulu kunye nesibheno esikhuculweyo kubaphulaphuli abahlukahlukeneyo malunga nophando lweemarike. Ifomathi esetyenziselwa ukunika ingxelo yenkcazelo yesiphumo yenzululwazi ingenza umehluko omkhulu kwindlela ufikeleleke ngayo ulwazi kubaphulaphuli abahlukahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi kaDkt. Edward Tufte ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wobuchule bokubonwa kwedatha .
Ukusebenzisa iNgcaciso yeNgqungquthela yokuThengisa ukuFuncisa iziPhando zeSaveyi
Iinqununu zebhokisi eziphezulu ziphezulu zamanqaku okulinganisa kwinqanaba elisetyenziselwa ngabaphenduli ukubonisa iimpendulo zabo kwizinto ezivaliweyo zokuphendula imibuzo ekugqibeleni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ngaba abathathi-nxaxheba abacetywayo babuzwa ukuba baphendule imibuzo yolu vavanyo ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo we-Likert-5 point point, nganye ngongoma kwinqanaba liza kubandakanywa negama elichazayo okanye ixesha. Kunceda ukucinga ngesilinganisi njengendlela yokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo-njengengxube yeebhentshi zezingane-kunye neyona mpendulo enokwenzeka kakhulu phezulu kunye neempendulo ezimbi kakhulu ezantsi.
Ibhokisi ephezulu ibhalwa inani "5" ngabaphandi beemarike kwaye lihle kakhulu kwiimpendulo, kwaye "4" ngowona wesibini uncedo kakhulu kwiimpendulo ezinokwenzeka, ukuba inxaxheba yenzululwazi ibonisa enye yezi mpendulo, Banike impendulo ebhokisini eliphezulu .
Uninzi lwabantu lukhangela iipatheni ezilula kwi-data, ngoko ukwakha isishwankathelo esiphezulu esichazela amanqaku ephezulu ebhokisini kuququzelela ukutyekela kwendalo kunye nobuntu.
Ukuba isishwankathelo esiphezulu sinikezelwa kubaphulaphuli bezobugcisa, ukunika ingxelo kwibhokisi ephezulu, ukuphindaphinda kwamaxesha eempendulo zempendulo kunokuqwalasela-ukufumana ngaphandle kokudukisa. Umzekelo, ukuba i-82% yezimpendulo kumbono wombuzo wophando zaphawulwa njengenombolo "5" (emele iyaneliseka kakhulu) okanye inombolo "4" ( eyaneliseke kakhulu) , abaphandi beemakethi bangabika ukuba ama-82% uphando lwabaphenduli babenelisekile kakhulu . Ngokuqinisekileyo, isigxina sengxelo yeshwankathelo isishwankathelo singacacisa malunga neentlobo zebhokisi eziphezulu kunye nokuba zibalwe njani, kodwa ke izikolo eziphezulu zebhokisi eziza kukukhumbula nokuziqonda.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuthambekela kukuba kugxininise kwixesha okanye iphesenti yeempendulo zempendulo kwibhokisi eliphezulu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imvama yezimpendulo kwiibhokisi ezimbini ezantsi, ngokunjalo. Amanqaku aphakamileyo aphezulu kwibhokisi yebhokisi ephezulu akufanele avunyelwe ukucima amanqaku ebhokisi engezantsi ngokupheleleyo. Enye yezona ndlela zilungele ukujongana nohlalutyo lokwahlula kukubeka iilitri kwixesha eliqhelekileyo okanye iphesenti yeempendulo ezisezantsi kwibhokisi ephantsi, njengokuba ubukhulu obuthile okanye iipesenti kwibhokisi yebhokisi eliphezulu lichongwe njengezinga lokujolisa mhlawumbi ngekota okanye ngonyaka.
Ibhokisi eliPhezulu leNqaku eliPhakamileyo kunye noThengi loPhando lwabaThengi Izikolo zineendaba ezahlukeneyo zokuxelela
Ukuchazwa kwedatha kuyomeleleka xa ukuhanjiswa kwexesha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo kunikwa kwakhona. Ukuhanjiswa kwexesha kubonisa ipesenti yeempendulo kwinto nganye yombuzo ehambelana namanqaku kwinqanaba lokulinganisa elisetyenziswe ngabaphenduli ukuba banike iimpendulo zabo kwisaveyi. Amaphesenti adibeneyo abonisa ipesenti yeempendulo kuye kwaye kubandakanye onke amanqaku angaphambili kwinqanaba lokulinganisa.
Ukuqhathaniswa konyaka nomsebenzi wophando olwenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka, ukutyekela ngokubanzi kwindlela yokuhambisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo zixhobo. Umlinganiselo wesilinganiso okanye i-arithmetic, enokufuna ukulinganisa ukuba ichanile, inikezela inani elihle kakhulu le-statistical yexabiso elilinganiselweyo elinikezwa ngabaphendululwazi.
Enyanisweni, ingaba yinkcazelo yokugubungela ukusabalalisa ngeziphumo zolu vavanyo kwiminyaka emininzi ukwenzela ukuthelekisa intsingiselo, i-median, skewness, ne-kurtosis yokuhambisa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngamanqaku ngokusebenzisa i-Excel okanye amandla angeniswe kwinani leefowuni zeesofthiwe zesoftware.
Ingozi yokusebenzisa ingxelo ephezulu yebhokisi kukuba abaphulaphuli balahlekelwa ukubonakala kwimilo yokusabalalisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kukubaluleka kakhulu kubaphandi beemarike kunye nabanye abaxhamli bangaphakathi kuba injongo yophuhliso loshishino ihlala ishukumisela abathengi kwibhokisi yesibini ephezulu phezulu kwibhokisi ephezulu-kunye nokuhambisa abathengi kuloo ndawo yokuhlala. isikhundla socingo "3" okanye ukungathathi hlangothi kwi-Likert. Enyanisweni, ingxelo yokupasa ibhokisi kunye neendlela zokuba ingxelo yamanqaku azivelisi iziphumo ezifanayo. Indlela efanelekileyo yokubonisa oku kumthengi okanye umxhasi kukulungisa izimpendulo kwimibuzo yovavanyo kwinqanaba lemiqathango, ukudala imiqolo emibini-enye ngamanani amanqaku kwaye enye inqaku lebhokisi eliphezulu. I-order order will differ for the two methods. Lo mdahluko unokuba luleke ngakumbi xa iziphumo zophando zondla ekuphononongweni komsebenzi okanye xa uphando lusetyenziselwa ukuchonga abaxumi abangengozini yokuphelisa ubudlelwane babo nenkampani okanye umbutho.
Ukwaneliseka kwabaThengi KuyiNkundla ekhethekileyo
Uphando olulinganisayo ukwaneliseka kwabathengi lube nemingeni ethile kubaphandi beemarike. Uphando olwenelisayo lomthengi lusekwe ngenjongo yokuchonga amandla kunye nobuthathaka kwinkampani okanye kwintlangano kumbono womthengi . Umngeni onxulumene nawo kukuba iiphumo ezivela kwiingcaphephe zogqithiso lwabathengi ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwabasebenzi, okungekho yile nzululwazi eyenzelwe ukwenza.