I-10 yezona ziGangatho ze-OSHA ezixhatshaziwe

by Marianne Bonner

Yiyiphi imigangatho yendawo yokusebenzela abaqeshi abaphulaphula kakhulu? I- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) iphendula loo mbuzo minyaka yonke xa ipapasha "uluhlu oluphezulu lwezophulo". Uludwe olutshanje lubonakalisa ukuphulwa okwenziwe ngunyaka-mali we-2017 (Oktobha 1, 2016 ukuya kuSeptemba 30, 2017).

Uludwe lwe-OSHA lwe "ukuphulwa okuphezulu kwelishumi" luhambelana ngokufanayo kunyaka ngamnye. Uluhlu lwe-2017 lufana nolunye lwe-OSHA olupapashwe ngo-2016. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwama-2017 lubandakanya imilinganiselo emibili yokukhuselwa kweNkundla ngexesha loluhlu oludlulileyo luqulethe kuphela. Olunye utshintsho lokususwa komgangatho obizwa ngokuba nguMbane, iiNkcitho eziqhelekileyo ezivela "uluhlu oluphezulu" ngo-2017.

Nalu uluhlu lweendlela ezishumi ze-OSHA abaqeshi abaphulaphule kakhulu ngowama-2017. Imigangatho ihlelwe ngokuhla kwelokuQala ukuKhuselwa kokuGcina - Ukwakhiwa, okwakubangele ukuphulwa.

01 - Ukukhusela ukuwa - Ukwakhiwa

I-Falls yimbangela ebangela ukulimala kakhulu kwindawo yokusebenzela. Ukukunceda abakhuselekileyo ukuba bangabikho kwiingozi ezichaphazelekayo, i-OSHA iye yavelisa iiseti ezimbini zeNqanaba lokuVikela ukuGcina. Omnye usebenza kwishishini lokwakha kwaye elinye lifanelekileyo kuwo onke amashishini. Ngo-2017, abaqeshi baphula umgangatho wokuKhusela ukuThumela kwi-shishini lokwakha ngaphezu kweyiphi enye inkqubo ye-OSHA.

Abasebenzi bezokwakha babhekana neengozi ezininzi zokuwa kwiindawo zokusebenza. Baya kunqumla emanzini, ophahleni okanye iintsimbi zensimbi. Bangakwazi ukuwa phantsi kwezitebhisi okanye kwiimingxondorha ezinzulu. Abasebenzi nabo bangawela okanye bangena kumatshini anobungozi njengetafile yabonwa. Ukukhuselwa kwe-Fall- Umgangatho wokwakha wenzelwe ukukhusela ukulimala kweendawo eziphakamileyo kunye nezo zinto ezenzekayo okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba.

I-OSHA idinga ukuba abaqeshi basebenzise izikhuselo ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba abasebenzi bangawa phantsi kwamapulatifomu okanye ngaphezulu kwezikhululo zokusebenza okanye ukugqithisa emigodini. Abaqeshi kwicandelo lokwakha kufuneka banikeze ukhuselo lokukhusela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu. Zininzi iintlobo zezixhobo zokukhusela ziyafumaneka. Imizekelo yimiba yomgodi, iinqwelo zokukhusela, iinqatha zokukhusela, ii-toe-board, kunye nomzila.

Ukukhuselwa kwe-OSHA kwephepha lewebhu kubandakanya izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinokunceda abaqashi bahambelane nomgangatho wokukhusela ukuwa. Abaqeshi banako ukukhupha iividiyo, ukhuseleko "amakhadi okukhawuleza," ukulawula izikhokelo, amaphepha amaphepha kunye namanye amaxwebhu.

02 - Ingozi yoNxibelelwano

Abasebenzi abaninzi balimala emsebenzini ngenxa yokungena kwiikhemikhali. I-OSHA yeNgcaciso yoNxibelelwano yoKhuseleko ijoliswe ekuthintela ukulimala okunjalo. Kudinga ukuba abaqeshi benze kwaye baqalise inkqubo yoqhagamshelwano yengozi ebhaliweyo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abaqeshi kufuneka bavelise uluhlu lwazo zonke izinto ezinobungozi kwindawo yomsebenzi kwaye babelane ngololuhlu nabasebenzi. Kufuneka bafundise abasebenzi malunga neengozi zalezo zinto, kwaye amanyathelo abasebenzi bangathatha ukuze bazikhusele. Abaqeshi mabaqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuba basebenzise kakuhle izinto ezifanelekileyo. Bamele banike abasebenzi abasebenzi izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo, ezifana neiglavu kunye nemaski.

Umgangatho woNxibelelwano woMngcipheko ulungisiwe ngo-2012. Umthetho ohlaziyiweyo ubeka iimfuno ezintsha zokubhaliweyo kubenzi. Utshintsho lwalujoliswe ukwenza ukuba amabhaleyile aqhubekeke kwaye afundiswe. Abaqeshi mabaqinisekise ukuba zonke izinto eziyingozi kwindawo yokusebenzela zibhalwa ngokufanelekileyo.

03 - I-Scaffolding

Abasebenzi bokwakha bavame ukwenza umsebenzi ngaphandle komhlaba ngokusebenzisa i-scaffolds. Amawaka abasebenzi awonzakele okanye abulawe emsebenzini ngamnye unyaka ngenxa yeengozi zengozi. Abaqeshwa banokwenzakaliswa xa bekhwela okanye bakhuphe i-scaffolds, okanye xa bakha okanye baqhawula.

Umgangatho we-Scaffold ukhankanywe kumashishini wokwakha. Kuhlose ukukhusela abasebenzi kwiingozi ezibangelwa ukuwa, izinto eziwa, i-electrocution, okanye ukuwa kwe-scaffold. Umgangatho uphawula iimfuno ezifunekayo ukuba zidibeneyo xa kusekwa i-scaffolds, isetyenzisiwe, okanye ichithwe. Abaqeshi mabaqinisekise ukuba bonke abasebenzi abasebenzisa i-scaffolds bafumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo.

04 - Ukhuselo lokuphefumula

Abasebenzi kumashishini amaninzi bavelelwe ngothuli, umphunga, i-fumes, i-gesi, umsi okanye i-sprays. Xa ukuxiliswa, ezi zinto zingabangela ukulimala kwamaphaphu. Abasebenzi abonakaliswe kwezi zinto kwixesha elide banokuphuhlisa isifo somsebenzi, njenge-silicosis okanye i-asbestosis.

Umgangatho wokuphefumula we-OSHA ufuna abaqeshi ukuba benze, bagcine kwaye bawomeleze inkqubo yokukhusela. Abaqeshi kufuneka bachonge naziphi na izingozi eziphefumlelweyo ezikhoyo kwindawo yokusebenzela. Bamele bakhethe ukuphefumula okufanelekileyo ukukhusela abasebenzi. Kufuneka baqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuba basebenzise njani izixhobo. Ekugqibeleni, abaqeshi kufuneka bajonge indawo yokusebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphefumula kusetyenziswa kwaye kugcinwe kakuhle.

05 - Ukukhutshwa okanye iTekout

Abasebenzi abaninzi bayalimala kakhulu xa umatshini abasebenzisa ngokukhawuleza aqala okanye akhiphe amandla agciniweyo. Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi wenza umsebenzi wokulondoloza kumatshini wokuvelisa xa akhatyiswe ukutshatyalazwa kombane. Ukutshitshiswa kwabangelwa ngumbane ogcinwe kumbane wombane. I-OSHA yokuCima kunye neTagout standard ijolise ukukhusela ukulimala okunjalo.

Isixhobo sokukhusela sisisombululo esifakwe kumatshini okanye kwisixhobo esivimbela ukuba singasebenzi. I-tagout ifana nefowuni yokukhuphela ngaphandle kokuba iqulethe ityala. Ilebula ikwazisa abasebenzi ukuba umatshini awukwazi ukusebenza kuze kube yilapho isicatshulwa sokukhangela sisuswa. Izixhobo zokuCima okanye ukupakisha isetyenzisiweyo zingasetyenziselwa kwizixhobo ezixhaswa ngumbane, umxube, umatshini okanye olunye uhlobo lwamandla.

06 - Amadada

Ngokutsho kwe-OSHA, malunga ne-20% yokulimala okwenzekayo kwiindawo zokusebenzela unyaka ngamnye kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamanqanaba. Ngenxa yokuba amashishini asetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo, umgangatho wesantya we-OSHA usebenza kubo bonke abaqeshi.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanqanaba angasetyenziswa kwindawo yokusebenzela. Ezi ziquka abahambahambayo, amakhredithi aphathekayo, kunye namanqanaba alungisiweyo. I-OSHA inikeza iingcebiso ezilandelayo zokunciphisa izingozi zamanqanaba. Okokuqala, zama ukunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa imfuno yamanqanaba ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, iiprojekthi zokwakha ukwenzela ukuba uninzi lomsebenzi wenziwa phantsi.

Okwesibini, shintshela i-ladders ngezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo ezifana neziphakamiso ze-air. Okwesithathu, qinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakho basebenzise uhlobo olulungileyo lweekhanelo emsebenzini abawenzayo. Okwesine, nikeza iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo, njengebhanti yokukhusela kunye ne-harness, xa kufuneka. Ekugqibeleni, qiniseka ukuba abasebenzi bakho baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo indlela yokusebenzisa amancembe ngokukhuselekileyo.

07 - Amashishini angamafama asePower

Abasebenzi kumashishini amaninzi basebenzisa iiforki, baphakamise amaloli, kunye neendlela ezifanayo zezixhobo zokusebenza ukuhambisa imithwalo enzima. I-OSHA ithi iinqwelo ezinjalo zinikezwa ngamaloli asezimbonini . Abasebenzi bangalimala xa bengena okanye bephuma kwisithuthi, ngelixa beqhuba, okanye xa bephethe umthwalo. Basenokubangela ukulimala kwabanye abasebenzi .

Abasebenzi abayi-100 000 bayalimala rhoqo ngonyaka kwiingozi ze-forklift, ngokwe-OSHA. I-agqwetha liqikelela ukuba enye yezikratshi ezilishumi zibandakanyeka engozini ngamnye ngonyaka.

I-OSHA ye-Industrial Trucks standard ifuna abaqashi ukuba baqeqeshe abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kweekratshi. Ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lweelaklift elisetyenziselwa kwindawo yokusebenzela (njengamaloli akhwele kunye namaloli enyawo), abaqashi kufuneka baqeqeshe abasebenzi ngabanye. Abaqeshi mabaqinisekise ukuba bonke abasebenzi abasebenzisa iinqwelo zezixhobo bafumene uqeqesho olufanelekileyo. Kufuneka bahlalutye izakhono zabasebenzi ngamnye ubuncinane kwiminyaka emithathu.

08 - UkuGcina iMashishini

Abasebenzi abaninzi basebenzisa izitshini zokunquma, ukubetha okanye ukugaya izinto ezifana nesinyithi, ukhuni okanye iplastiki. Ezi matshini zihlala ziqulethe izinto ezijikelezayo, ziphinde zenzeke (zenyuka phezulu kwaye zingaphindele okanye zingaphuma), okanye zihambe ngokunyakaza okuhambayo (kumgca ochanekileyo). Ezinye ziqukethe iindawo ezijikelezayo (ezifana nezitya zokungena) ezidibeneyo ngokukhawuleza. Zonke ezo matshini zingabangela ukulimala kakhulu, kubandakanywa ne-abrasions, i-lacerations, kunye nokuchithwa. Umgangatho we-OSHA woMgcino wokuSebenza owenzelwe ukukhusela ukulimala okunjalo.

Abaqeshi banamathuba amaninzi okukhusela abasebenzi kwiindawo ezisematshini eziyingozi. Imizekelo ibalindi abaqinileyo, izixhobo zokuvavanya uxinzelelo, ukulawula uhambo lokhuseleko kunye namasango. Ukuthintela ukulimala, abaqashi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba yonke imishini engozini iyalondolozwa kakuhle kwaye ukuba abalindi bayagcinwa.

09 - Ukukhuselwa kwe-Fall - Izidingo zoQeqesho

Ngokwahlukileyo kumashishini ekwakhiwo Umgangatho wokukhusela we- Fall kukhankanywe ngasentla, oku kusebenza ngokukodwa ukuwa koqeqesho lokuthintelwa . Kudinga ukuba abaqeshi banikele inkqubo yoqeqesho kunoma yimuphi umqeshwa onokuthi avele kwiingozi. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshe indlela yokuqonda iingozi zokuwa kunye namanyathelo okufuneka bathathe ukuze banciphise umngcipheko wabo wokulimala.

Abasebenzi kufuneka bafumane ukuqeqeshwa kokukhusela kokusetyenziswa ngolwimi abanokuyiqonda. Ukuba abasebenzi abakwazi kakuhle isiNgesi, bafanele baqeqeshwe ngolwimi lwabo lwendalo.

Abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine irekhodi ebhaliweyo eqinisekisa ukuba ngamnye umsebenzi otyhila kwiingozi sele efumene uqeqesho olufanelekileyo. Ingxelo kufuneka ifake igama lomsebenzi, umhla oqeqeshiwe ngawo, kunye nesayineli yomqeqeshi okanye umqeshi.

10 - Uluhlu lweMandla

Lo mgangatho unelungelo lokuThola iindlela, iiMpawu kunye nezixhobo zokuSebenzisa ngokubanzi. Injongo yalo kukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kombane, ukutshisa, i-electrocution, kunye nezinye ukulimala okubangelwa ngumbambo ongekho.

Umgangatho ufuna abaqeshi ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-wiring yombane isekelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Igalela ukusetyenziswa kwe-wiring eguquguqukayo (kubandakanywa iintambo zokunyuselwa) njengokuba kufakwe indawo yokubambisa i-wiring kwisakhiwo. Abaqeshi bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-wiring eguquguqukayo ngeenjongo ezithile, njengokukhanya komthi weKrisimesi.

Njengamanqanaba amaninzi kwe-OSHA, umgangatho wombane we-Electrical ubuchwepheshe. Ukuba ufuna uncedo ekuyiqondeni, cela umbane ugesi ukuze uncede.