Isingeniso soBuchule bokuThuthukiswa kweMetri
Yintoni Yokwenziwa Kwempahla Yesebe?
Ukutshintshwa kwesebe yocingo kuquka ukubuyiswa nokucutshungulwa kwezityambo ezinqamlekileyo kwimveliso yokuphela komsebenzi okanye izakhiwo, kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso, ukwenzela ukuba ingeniswe njengento ebonakalayo ekuveliseni iimpahla ezintsha. Ukubuyiswa kwesebe yocingo kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi afana nokubuyisela, ukuhlunga, ukuguqula, ukubhalisa, ukukrazula kunye nokutshiza. Amashishini angenza imisebenzi enjalo.
Icandelo lokubuyisela isinyithi esinqumleziweyo libandakanya uluhlu lwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho ejikelezwe kwizinto eziphinda zenziwe ngetsimbi. Ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi kwinqanaba elinobuhle kunokwenyuka kwendawo kunokukhipha nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintle, ngelixa kudala imisebenzi eminye.
Ukuphindaphinda kweMetro ngumsebenzi owenziwe ngabasomashishini abanjengabaqokeleli bensimbi , kunye noluhlu lweenkampani ezinkulu kunye nezincinci ukuba zizonke, zibandakanya icandelo lokubuyisela izixhobo.
Icandelo lensimbi yecala liyimfuneko kwaye lizinzile, elibandakanya ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi esenziwe kwizinto ezimbiweyo kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimveliso emva kokuphila kwabo luncedo. Ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi kwinqanaba elininzi linenzuzo ebalulekileyo kwaye lidlala indima enamandla ekuxhaseni iziphumo zendalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu ekuphambukiseni i-metal scrap kwii-fayili yomhlaba, kwaye inikezela izinto ezivelisiweyo kwimveliso emitsha, enika i-carbon engezantsi kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo kunezinto ezintsha.
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo, ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi ngumsebenzi wezoqoqosho onamandla kakhulu, ukuvelisa ngaphezu kwama-64 billion ezigidi kwi-US ngonyaka ka-2010, ngokwemibare ye-ISRI.
Xa uthetha malunga nokubuyiswa kwesinyithi, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweendidi ezibalulekileyo zesitraba: isinyithi esinyeneyo kunye nesinyithi esingenanto .
Nangona isinyithi esineziqulatho sinomlinganiselo wesinyithi (kwaye eqinisweni, igama layo lithathwe kwixesha lesi-latin lithetha isinyithi), isinyithi esingenasinyithi asiqukethe isinyithi njengenxalenye. I-scrafty nonfrush iquka i-aluminium, ithusi, inkokheli, i-nickel, itin, i-zinc kunye nabanye.
I-Scrap Metal Supply Chain
Ukuqokelelwa kwezinto zengcibi yinquma, kwaye kuqalwe ngabaqokeleli bensimbi abaqhekeza izinto ezincinci zithengiswa kwiiyadi, kunye nezinye iindidi zorhwebo . Iinkqubo zokuvuselela uluntu, i-electronics recycling kunye neenjini ezinkulu zentengiso yeenkunkuma zinikezela nezinye iidrafti zeengca.
Ukubuyiswa kweeVolumu kunye nokuThengiswa kwamaRhafu
Ngokomthamo, i-ISRI ilinganiselwa ukuba iUnited States ibuyisela kwakhona i-toni yezigidi ezingama-73 zeetrikri zensimbi ezenziwe ngokutsha zenziwa kwakhona kwi-US. ngo-2014. Umthombo omkhulu kunikezelwa ngeemoto ezigidi ezili-11 ezazisetyenziselwa kwakhona. Nangona umthamo wezinyithi eziqhekezayo zifumene kakhulu, izitye ezingenanto zivelisa enye ingeniso yecandelo ngenxa yexabiso layo elikhulu, kwaye ngoko ke ivuselelwa ngokugqithiseleyo. Izinto ezifunyenwe ezingenanto, ezibandakanya i-aluminium, ithusi, inkokheli, i-nickel, i-tin, i-zinc kunye nabanye, yaxabiswa kwi-40 billion yeebhiliyoni ngo-2014, ivelise umthamo weetoni ezi-7 zezigidi.
Udidi oluphezulu lwezinto ezingenagqirha zokubuyisela i-metal kwi-2014 zibandakanya:
- 3.64 yezigidi zeetrikri ezili-aluminium
- 0.82 yezigidi zeetrikri zeethusi
- 1.15 yezigidi zeetoni ezikhokeleyo
- Iingu-0.176 yezigidi zeetronki zeetoni
- 0.102 izigidi zeetoni ze-nickel / insimbi engenasici
Isilinganiso sokubuyisela kwakhona sisisombululo esibaluleke ngokubhekiselele ekukhutshweni komhlaba. Isitraba esicwecwe sele siphinde senziwa kwakhona ngamawaka eminyaka ngenxa yokuba sele ibonwa ngokuba yinkqubo efanelekileyo ngakumbi kunobuncitshisi kunye nokucwangcisa i-ore entsha. Izinga lokusebenzisa ngokutsha izityebi ziphezulu, ngenxa yexabiso layo. Ngokomzekelo, isinyithi esinezixhobo zinezinga lokubuyisela ngokulandelayo:
- iimoto: iipesenti ezingama-106
- izixhobo: iipesenti ezingama-90
- zecenki zensimbi: iipesenti ezingama-66.8
- kwisitrato sakhiwo: 98 ekhulwini
- ngensimbi yokuqinisa: iipesenti ezingama-70
Ukugcina isantya sokubuyiswa kwempahla ebantwini abaninzi kunokuba kunzima kakhulu, njengokuba kunjalo kwimeko yezixhobo zokusela i-aluminium.
Ngokubanzi, izinga lokubuyiswa kwakhona kweentonga ze-aluminium kuphela ngama-58.1 ekhulwini (ngo-2011), kodwa kwiimimandla ezineenkomishi zokupakisha i-container, ixabiso lokubuyisela liphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, eBritish Columbia, ene-depositenti ye-5, inani lokubuyisela liyi-83.5 ekhulwini (2010).
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho umsebenzi omningi omele wenziwe ekukhuliseni izinga lokubuyisela izitya . Ngokomzekelo, ingxelo ye-UN ibonise ukuba ngaphantsi kweyesithathu kwisithandathu seesinyithi ezihlaziywayo zifumana ukuhlaziywa kwamazinga angaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini. Ingxelo yenza iingcebiso ekuphuculeni amazinga okuvuselelwa, kuquka:
- Ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemveliso eyenza ukuhlukana nokuhlukana kwezinto ezibonakalayo kulula
- Ukuphucula ulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokuhlaziywa kweziseko zokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yokuphela kwempilo kumazwe asakhulayo kunye noqoqosho oluphuhlisayo
- Kwamazwe ashishino, ukujongana nenyaniso yokuba ezininzi iimveliso zentsimbi 'zihlambalaza' kwiindawo ezizithandayo abadwebi kunye nezinye iifotshane kunye nabanye, njengeefowuni zefowuni, zihlala ziphela kwizidumba
- Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwephesha bokubuyisela kunye neenkqubo zokuqokelela ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza "nemveliso eyenziwa yinkqubo ekhethiweyo eyenziwe ngeentlobo ezininzi zeesinyithi kunye nama-alloys."
IiNzuzo zoMmandla zoKwenziwa kweNkcitho
Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwezinto ezivela kumatyala omhlaba, ezinye iintlobo ezibalulekileyo zokuphinda zenziwe ngetsimbi ngokubhekiselele ekudalweni kwensimbi entle kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto. Umzekelo umzobo we-aluminium ufuna iipesenti ezingama-95 ngaphantsi kwamandla, ngelixa ubhedu bufuna iipesenti ezingama-90 ngaphantsi, kunye nentsimbi engama-56 ngaphantsi. Ukongezelela, ukubuyiswa kwakhona kweetoni enye yentsimbi kugweba ukusebenzisa ii-2,500 zamapounds e-iron ore, ii-1,400 iilidi zamakharali kunye nama-pounds angama-120 e-limestone.