Ukubuyiswa kweeRhafu zeMetali kufuneka kukhuliswe ukufikelela ekusimeni

"Ukusetyenziswa kweMali yeeMali: Ingxelo yeNgxelo," ithi ukuphindaphinda kweesinyithi kwiimeko ezininzi kuphazamiseka. Ingxelo ekhutshwe yi-United Nations Environment Programme Programme (UNEP) ithi ngaphantsi kweyesithathu kwisinye sezinto ezingamashumi ama-60 ezifunyenwe zinyithi ziye zinezinga lokugqibela lokuphila ngokuphindaphinda ngaphezulu kwe-50 ekhulwini kunye nezinto ezingama-34 zinezinga lokubuyisela kwakhona ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi zezi zinyithi zibalulekile ukuhlambulula ubuchwephesha ezifana neebhetri zeemoto ezihlambulukileyo kwiimvumi kwiimvumi zomoya, ngokutsho kwababhali bolu cwaningo.

"Naphezu kwemizamo ebalulekileyo kumazwe amaninzi nakwimimandla, amaninzi amaninzi asetshentshiweyo yensimbi aphantsi kancinci, kwaye 'i-recycling society' ayibonakali ngaphezu kwethemba elide." Iphawula ukuba ngokungafani nezinye izixhobo, izitye "zenziwa ngokutsha," ezenza ukusebenza kakubi konke okuphazamisayo.

Ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe ngokutsha, izitye zingasetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukunciphisa imfuno yokwenza umbane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintlulileyo xa kuphungula iimfuno zamanzi kunye namanzi. Ukuphumelela ekuphakanyeni amanqanaba okubuyiswa komhlaba jikelele kuya kunceda ukutshintshela kwi-carbon ephantsi, uQoqosho loLwazi oluPhezulu oluNcedo ngenkxaso ngexesha ekudaleni imisebenzi eluhlaza.

Ezinye iingcamango zibonisa ukuba ukuphinda kusetyenziswe isinyithi ziphakathi kwamaxesha amabini kunye namaxesha angaphezu kwama-10 asebenza ngamandla kunokuba utyumle isinyithi kwi-ore virgin. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukutsalwa kwedwa okwangoku kubhalisa iipesenti ezisixhenxe zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwehlabathi, kunye nokukhishwa kwegalelo kunceda kakhulu ekutshintsheni kwemozulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kweeRhafu zokuThengisa

Ingxelo ibonisa ukukhokela njengetsimbi ephindaphinda kakhulu, kunye neepesenti ezingama-80 zeemveliso eziqulethe-ikakhulu amabhetri - ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona ekupheleni kobomi bazo. Intsimbi kunye nezinye izinto eziyinhloko zensimbi kunye nentsimbi engenasici, kunye ne-platinum, igolide, isilivere kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zetye, zonke zibuye zenze iirhafu ezingaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini.

Noko ke, kukho ukuhluka okuphawulekayo ekubuyiselweni kwimiba. Ngexa iipesenti ze-70 ukuya kwi-90 zegolide kwizicelo zoshishino ziphinda zenziwe kwakhona, umzekelo, kuphela i-10 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini zegolide isetyenziswe kwakhona kwimpahla ye-elektroniki.

Kwezinye ezininzi izinyithi, izinga lokubuyisela liphantsi kakhulu. Amashumi amathathu anesine kwimimiselo engamashumi ayisithupha ekubandakanyiweyo kwiphononongo yayinamazinga aphindaphindiweyo angaphantsi kwama-1 ekhulwini.

Umgaqo-siseko, inani le-recycling ye-metal offsets ixabiso elifanayo lezinyithi ezidinga ukuchithwa, "kusho uGugu Sonnemann we-UNEP. "Ngenxa yokuba imfuno yesinyithi iyanda, ukuvuselelwa kwakhona akukwazi ukucima yonke imayini kodwa kungabangela iqela elincinci lokugcina imigodi."

Iingcebiso malunga nokuphucula ukubuyiswa

Uphononongo linikeza iingcomo malunga nendlela yokwenziwa kwakhona kwindlela yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ezi ngcebiso ziquka:

• Ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemveliso eyenza ukuhlukana nokuhlukana kwezinto ezibonakalayo kulula
• Ukuphucula ulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokuhlaziywa kweziseko zokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yokuphela kwempilo kumazwe asakhulayo kunye noqoqosho oluphuhlisayo
• Kwiintlanga ezikhuphisayo, ukubhekisa into yokuba ezininzi iimveliso zentsimbi 'zihlambalaza' kwiindawo ezithandayo abadwebi kunye nezinye iifotshane kunye nabanye, njengeefowuni zefowuni, zihlala ziphela kwizidumba

Kwakhona kunconywa ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela kunye neenkqubo zokuqokelela ukuhamba kunye "nemveliso ekhethiweyo eyenziwe ngeentlobo ezininzi zeesinyithi kunye nama-alloys."

ZokuThengiswa kwamaRhafu

Kwimiba engama-60 efundiswayo, i-18 kuphela yayinokuphucula ngaphezulu kwama-50 eepesenti, kunye nezinto ezintathu kwi-25-50 yeepesenti yokubuyisela, izinto ezintathu kwi-10-25 yepesenti zecandelo, izinto ezimbini kwi-1-10 yeepesenti, izinto ezingama-34 ngaphantsi kwe-1 ekhulwini .

Iipetroli eziPhumi eziPhambili ziphinde zabuyiselwa

1. Ikhokelo (ukusebenzisa ngokubalulekileyo: ibhetri)
2. Igolide (izinto ezisetyenziswayo: ubucwebe, i-electronics)
3. Isiliva (ezisetyenziswayo: i-electronics, izicelo zoshishino (i-catalysts, ibhetri, iglasi / izibuko), ubucwebe);
4. I-aluminium (ezisetyenziswayo ngokuphambili: ekwakheni nasekuthuthweni)
5. Tin (usetyenziso oluphambili: amathini kunye ne-solder)
6. I-Copper (isebenzise kakhulu: ukuqhuba umbane kunye nokushisa)
7. I-Chromium (usetyenziso oluphambili: ii-steels ezingenasici)

1. I-Nickel (isebenziso oluphambili: ii-steels ezingenanto kunye nama-superalloys)
2. I-Niobium (ezisetyenziswayo ezisisiseko: ii-steels eziphezulu / eziphantsi ezisezantsi kunye nezindleko eziphezulu)
3. I-Manganese (usetyenziso oluphambili: insimbi)