Ukujonga ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwezetyenziso zetsimbi, ukubaluleka kwayo kunye neenkqubo zokuvuselela
Kutheni sibuyisela kwakhona isinyithi?
Iimpawu zixhobo ezixabisekileyo ezinokuphinda zihlaziywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuhlazisa iipropati zabo. Isitraba esinexabiso sinokubangela ukuba abantu baqokelele ukuba bathengise ukubuyisela imisebenzi.
Ukongezelela ekukhuthazeni kwezezimali, kukho imfuneko yokusingqongileyo. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe isinyithi kusenza sikwazi ukugcina imithombo yendalo xa sifuna amandla angaphantsi ekusebenzeni kunokuveliswa kwemveliso emitsha usebenzisa izinto ezintle eziyintombi. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kubangela i-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, igcina imali kwaye ivumela amashishini ekuvelisa ukunciphisa iindleko zabo zokuvelisa. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kudala imisebenzi.
Iinkcukacha zokubuyisela izityezelo ngokukhawuleza
Nangona phantse zonke iintsimbi zingaphinde ziphindwe kwakhona ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kweepropati, okwangoku, iipesenti ezingama-30 kuphela zetsimbi ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona.
Phantse ama-40 ekhulwini kwindalo yensimbi emhlabeni jikelele eyenziwa esebenzisa insimbi ephinda yenziwe.
Phantse iipesenti ezingama-42 zensimbi ezingcolileyo eUnited States zenziwe ngezinto eziphinda zenziwe.
EUnited States yodwa, malunga ne-100 yezigidi zensimbi kunye neenki zetini zisetyenziselwa imihla ngemihla.
Isitye kunye neyinyithi zixhobo eziphinda ziphindwe kwihlabathi ngenxa yenxalenye yokufumana amaziko amakhulu kunye nokukhululeka kokubuyisela. Ukusetyenziswa kwamagxolo kwinkqubo yokwenza i-recyclers ikwazi ukuwahlula ngokukhawuleza kumjelo wokuchitha inkunkuma.
Kunyaka ngamnye, malunga neetoni ezili-400 zezigidi zetsimbi zenziwa kwakhona emhlabeni jikelele.
Okwangoku, umkhiqizo omnye omnye osetyenziswayo wase-US yi-aluminium.
Ukulahla i-aluminium enye inokuchitha amandla alinganayo kumbane onokuzaliswa ngepetroliyo.
Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha malunga nokuphinda kusetyenziswe isinyithi .
Iintlobo zesinyithi esetyenziswa kwakhona
Amachiza angabalwa njengenqatha, okanye engeyomnxeba.
Izinyithi zesinyithi zidibanisa insimbi kunye nekhabhoni. Ezinye izitshixo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-carbon steel, i-alloy steel, insimbi eyenziwe, kunye nentsimbi yokuphosa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyithi ezingenabumba ziquka i-aluminium, ithusi, inkokheli, i-zinc, kunye ne-tin. Isinyithi esibalulekileyo asiyiyo. Iinqwelo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziquka igolide, i-platinum, isilivere, i-iridium kunye ne-palladium.
Inkqubo yokubuyisela isinyithi
Ezi zilandelayo zizigaba eziphambili zenkqubo yokubuyiswa kwesinyithi:
Ukuqokelela: Inkqubo yokuqokelela isinyithi ihlukile kunezinye izinto ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lexabiso. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuthengiswe kwiiydidi ezigqithisiweyo kunokuba zithunyelwe kwi-landfill. Umthombo omkhulu wesitrasi esinyukayo e-US ivela kwiinqwelo ezihamba. Ezinye iimithombo ziquka izakhiwo ezinkulu zetsimbi, izithuthi zomzila, iinqanawa, izixhobo zasemaplasini, kwaye kunjalo, izixhobo zabathengi. I-scrap scrap, eyadalwa ngexesha lokuveliswa kwemveliso emitsha, i-akhawunti yesiqingatha sesibonelelo se-scrap.
Ukuhlunga: Ukuhlunga kuquka ukuhlukanisa izitrato ezisuka kumxube wezityalo ezixubileyo okanye umxube wezinto ezininzi ezixutywayo. Kwimisebenzi yokuvuselela ngokuzenzekelayo, iimakethi kunye neenzwa zisetyenziselwa ukuncedisa ukuhlukana kwezinto eziphathekayo. Kwinqanaba lokusomashishini, abaxhamli bangasebenzisa umbane, kunye nokugcina umbala okanye ubunzima bokuncedisa ukufumana uhlobo lwesinyithi.
Umzekelo, i-aluminium iya kuba yesiliva kunye nokukhanya. Eminye imibala ebalulekileyo ukukhangela ubhedu, iphuzi (yobhedu) kunye nobomvu, obomvu obhedu. I-Scrappers iya kuphucula ukubaluleka kwezinto zabo ngokuhlukanisa izitye ezicocekileyo kwizinto ezicocekileyo.
Ukucubungula: Ukuvumela ukuqhutyelwa phambili, izitye zenziwe. Ukutshitshiswa kwenzelwe ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuqhaqhaqhaba njengezinyithi ezincinci ezinezitifiketi ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ziyakuncibilika ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-aluminium iyaguqulwa ibe ngamashishini amancinci kunye nentsimbi iyatshintshwa ibe yintsimbi yeebhloko.
Ukuxutywa: Insimbi encane iyancibilika kwiziko elikhulu. Isinyithi ngasinye sithathwa kwisithandle esithile esenzelwe ukuncibilikisa eso sinyithi. Inani elikhulu lamandla lisetyenziswe kule nyathelo. Sekunjalo, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, amandla okufuneka anyibilike kwaye aphinde aphinde asebenzise isinyithi aphantsi ngaphantsi kwamandla adingekayo ukuvelisa izinyithi usebenzisa iimpahla ezilwanyana ezintle.
Ngokusekelwe kubukhulu besithando somlilo, izinga lokushisa kwesithando somlilo kunye nenani lentsimbi, ukuncibilika kungathatha kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure.
Ukuhlanjululwa: Ukucocwa kwenziwa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umkhiqizo wokugqibela ungumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ungenawo umonakalo. Enye yezindlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlanjululwa yi-Electrolysis.
Ukuqiniswa: Emva kokuhlanjululwa, izinyithi ezincibilikiweyo zithwala ibhanti yokuthutha ukuze lipholile kwaye liqinise isinyithi. Kule nqanaba, izitrafa ezifakwe kwinqanaba zenziwe zibe yiimo ezizodwa ezifana nemivalo engasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso zetsimbi ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuthuthwa kweeBetta zeMetra: Emva kokuba izitye zicolile kwaye ziqiniswe, zikulungele ukusebenzisa. Emva koko zithunyelwa kumafemu ahlukeneyo apho zisetyenziselwa njengento ebonakalayo yokuveliswa kwemveliso emitsha yoshishino.
Xa iimveliso ezenziwe kule mijelo yensimbi ziphela ekupheleni komsebenzi wazo obuncedo, inkqubo yokubuyisela isinyithi ijikeleza kwakhona.
Imingeni yoshishino lokubuyisela isinyithi
Inani elikhoyo ngokutsha lokubuyisela izityeli malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 alwamkelekanga ukunikezelwa kwakhona kwintlobo yesinyithi, kwaye imingeni ihlala inentlonelo yokubuyisela kwakhona izinto ezininzi zokubuyisela kwakhona. Ukwandiswa kweenkqubo zokuvuselela uluntu kunye nolwazi oluntu malunga nolu luhlu.
Esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo sesilinganiselo esiphantsi sokuphinda siphinde senziwe ngokuklanywa kweemveliso zetsimbi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuxakeka kobunzima beemveliso ezahlukeneyo zanamhlanje kunye nokuxubusha kwabo kwintsebenziswano kwenza ukuphindaphinda kwakhona kunzima. Ngokomzekelo, ifowuni elula ingaba neenxalenye ezi-40 ezihlukeneyo. Ngoko, ukukhupha zonke izinto eziphathekayo kwifowuni kwaye ukuwasebenzisa kwakhona ekuveliseni iimveliso ezintsha kwenza kube nzima.
Ubugcisa bokubuyisela ubugcisa
Ubuchwephesha bokubuyisela ubugcisa bwanamhlanje bunokukwazi ukuchonga iindidi ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi; nangona kusekho imfuneko yokubuyiselwa kobuchwepheshe bokubuyisela ukusetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo.
Ukwahlula isinyithi esinezixhobo ezivela kwintsimbi engekho-mnye ngenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhlunga. Njengoko isinyithi esinezixhobo ziqukethe isinyithi, ziyakhangwa ngamagnet kwaye zikhishwe kalula kumjelo ococekileyo. Kwiididi zecala, iinqwelo ezifakwe kwi-electromagnet zingasusa iinqununu ezinkulu.
Xa ukhetha izinyithi ukusuka kumxube oxubekileyo wezinto eziphinda zihlaziywe, iphepha liyakususwa kuqala liyeke kuphela iiplastiki kunye nezitye. Emva koko, izibane zombane zinyanzeliswa kuwo wonke umlambo apho zithintela kuphela izitye. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngu-Eddy Current Distribution. Nangona i-aluminium ayikho i-magnetic, le teknoloji inokuyifumana kwaye ivumele iiplastiki ukuba zishiye kule nkqubo.
Ukufumana izitya ezixabisekileyo ezifana ne-palladium, i-platinum, igolide kunye nezinye izitya ezinobunjengezinto zobhedu, ukukhokela kunye nesiliva kwi-yecash yecomputer ziba nezoqoqosho kuphela xa ziqokelelwe izixhobo ezaneleyo. Ukuhlukana okunjalo kuthatha izixhobo ezininzi zokubuyisela izinto zobuchwephesha. Le mihla, kwiindawo ezinkulu zokubuyisela izinto, ukusetyenziswa kweenzwa ukuchonga izinyithi ngokuskena kwe-infra-red kunye ne-x-ray sele ithandwa. Izintlu eziqhelekileyo ezintathu zenkqubo yokunwa kwesimbi ziquka i-biotechnology, i-hydrometallurgy kunye ne-pyrometallurgy. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi teknoloji kunokuphucula ukuphucula izitriki.
Amathuba Amashishini ekuphinda aphinde ayenziwe ngetsimbi
Ngokwesiko, ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi kuye kwathathwa njengelithuba lebhizinisi elinenzuzo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, ixabiso elidandathekileyo liye lalingqina. Kwinqanaba lokusomashishini, inqaku eliqhelekileyo lokungena kwishishini lokubuyisela isinyithi ngokuqalisa ishishini lokuqokelela izitye okanye ukuba ngumthengisi wentsimbi .
Imithetho yokubuyiswa kwemithambo kunye nemithetho
Ukuba ukhangele ukuseka iseshishini eselungele ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-US, kufuneka ufunde imithetho efanelekileyo yokubuyisela kwakhona kwimeko yakho. Le mephu edibeneyo ikuvumela ukuba ufumane imithetho yokubuyisela isinyithi ehambelana nayo yonke imimandla.
Amashishini aphinda aphinda asebenze ngokutsha
I-ISRI (I-Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries Inc): I-ISRI yinkampani enkulu yezorhwebo kumashishini anxulumene nokubuyiswa kwakhona. Imele ngaphezu kwe-1600 iinkampani zenkxaso-mali ezivela kumazwe angama-34 ahlukeneyo emhlabeni wonke.
I-BMRA (Umbutho waseBritish Metals Recycling Association): I-BMRA imele i-recyclers ye-scrap engaphezulu kwama-300 kunye neyona nkampani ehamba phambili e-UK.
I-AMRIA: I-AMRIA ibhekisela kuMbutho weCandelo loPhuhliso lwezeMveliso yase-Australia.
I-CARI: I-CARI imele i-Associations yaseCanada ye-Recycling Industries. Iineenkampani ezingama-250.
Ukuba ilungu lemibutho yezorhwebo kwishishini elisebenza ngokutsha kwakhona lenza ukuba ibhizinisi elitsha lokuvuselela likwazi kwaye liqonde imimiselo yoshishino kwaye ilondoloze ubudlelwane obuhle namanye amashishini kwishishini.