Iziganeko zokungcoliswa kokutya ziqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye nokuVikela (i-CDC), malunga nezigidi ezingama-48 zaseMerika zigula minyaka yonke ngenxa yokugula kokutya.
Kubantu abagulayo, abayi-128,000 babhedlele, kwaye abayi-3 000 bafa. Izifo zokutya zibangelwa ibhaktheriya, ii-virus, iipasasites, okanye iikhemikhali ezitholakala ekudleni.
UMthetho omtsha weSithili
Uninzi lwendlela yokutya kwesizwe lulawulwa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA), i-federal agency. I-FDA ilawula ukutya konke okusemakhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kwenyama, iinkukhu kunye namaqanda (oku kutya kulawulwa yiSebe lezoLimo lase-United States). Ugunyaziwe lwe-FDA lwandisiwe ngo-2011 ngumbandela woMthetho woLondolozo loKhuseleko loKutya. UMthetho wenza ukuba i-FDA isebenze. I-arhente ngoku ingagxininisa ekukhuseleni ukugula kokutya kunokuba nje iphendule kuyo. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo zomthetho:
- Kudinga i-FDA ukugunyaza ulawulo olubanzi phakathi kokutya kokutya ukwenzela ukukhusela ukugula kokutya.
- Inika igunya elitsha le-FDA ukuhlola abavelisi bokutya kunye nabaprofeti.
- Inika i-FDA igunya lokunyanzelisa inkampani ukuba ikhumbule iimveliso zayo. Ngaphambili, i-arhente inokukhuthaza kuphela ukukhumbula.
- Ivumela i-FDA ukuba ibambisane namanye arhente karhulumente ukwenzela ukukunceda ukuphucula ukhuseleko lokutya.
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, i-FDA ikwazi ukuphoqelela ukukhumbula umkhiqizo. Iimveliso ezininzi zokutya ziyakhunjulwa kuba (okanye zinokuba) zihlambulukile ngeebhaktheriya ezinobungozi okanye ngenxa yokuba ziqulethe izifo (ezifana nobisi okanye amanqanawa) ezingakhankanyiweyo kwilebula.
Unokufumana uluhlu lwazo zonke izikhumbuzo ezihlobene nokutya ezenzeke kwiintsuku ezingama-60 zokugqibela kwiwebhusayithi ye-FDA.
Indlela I-Incident Impact ichaphazela ngayo ishishini lakho
Isiganeko esibandakanya ukungcola kokutya kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ishishini lakho. Ingabangela ukulahleka kwepropati, kunye nokulahlekelwa kweemfanelo ezingahlawulwanga yimigaqo-yinshorensi yakho. Inokungonakalisa kakhulu idumela lenkampani yakho.
Okokuqala, iimveliso zokutya zingangcoliswa ngelixa zenziwe okanye zigcinwe kwindawo yoshishino lwenkampani yakho. Iimveliso ezingcolileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukwenzela ukuba ziya kulahlwa okanye zichitheliswe. Ibhizinisi lakho liza kuqhubeka nokulahleka kwezimali ezibandakanya ukubaluleka kweemveliso ezingcolileyo kunye neendleko zokulahla okanye ukutshatyalaliswa.
Okwesibini, ishishini elithengisa umkhiqizo wokutya ongcolileyo linokunyanzeliswa ziziganeko okanye i-FDA ukurhoxisa loo mveliso kwindawo yokuthengisa. Ukukhumbula iimveliso oyithengisile ukuchitha ixesha nokubiza. Kwezinye iimeko, ishishini lakho linokunyanzeliswa ukuba livale yonke into okanye inxalenye yalo msebenzi. Njengokukhunjulwa, ukuvalwa kungenziwa ngokuzithandela okanye kufunwa yi-arhente karhulumente. Kukho nawuphi na umcimbi, ishishini lakho liza kulahleka ingeniso ngexesha lokuvala kunye nexesha elithile emva koko.
Umngcipheko wesithathu ochaphazelekayo kwimveliso engcolileyo yimbango yesithathu. Abantu abalimele okanye abagula kwimveliso engcolileyo banokumangalela inkampani yakho ngemonakalo. Ibhizinisi lakho linokuthi litshutshwe ngamanye iinkampani ezithengile umkhiwane ongcolileyo kwaye ilahlekelwe yimiphumo ngemali. Umzekelo, umenzi wecookie unyanzeliswa ukuba akhumbule ii-cookies emva kokuba afunde ukuba ama-nut athengwa kwiprojekti ahlambulukile. Umkhiqizi wekhukhi ubeka iprojekti yeendleko ezihambelana nokukhumbula.
Ekugqibeleni, isiganeko sokungcoliswa kokutya singonakalisa i-brand yakho kunye negama layo. Abathengi banokuthi bawushiye ishishini lakho kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga emva kweso siganeko, nokuba bangazange bathenge umkhiqizo ococekileyo okanye bagula. Ukubaphilisa kwakhona ngeke kube lula. Uzakufuna ukuqinisekisa abathengi bakho ukuba uzilungiselele ingxaki kwaye ayiyi kuphinda iphinde ivele.
Ummandla woPhuhliso lweZakhiwo
Ukulahleka kokutya okungahlambulukanga okuza kugqitywa ngumgaqo- nkqubo wepropati yoshishino , ukutya kufuneka kufaneleke njengepropati ekhushulwayo kwaye umonakalo kufuneka umphumo ngenxa yokubangela ukulahleka. Uninzi lwepolisi yepropati ikhupha ilahleko okanye umonakalo nayiphi na isizathu esingabandakanywa ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuba ingozi eyabangela ukuba ukungcola kokutya kungabandakanywa, ilahleko ingafunyanwa.
Qaphela ukuba malunga nayo yonke imigaqo-nkqubo yepropathi ayibandakanyi umonakalo obangelwa ngcoliseko okanye i- fungus (mold) . Ukukhutshwa kwefungus kusebenza kwiibhaktheriya kunye nokubunjwa. Eminye imigaqo-nkqubo ayibandakanyi umonakalo obangelwa ukungcola. Nangona kunjalo, i-fungus, ukungcola, kunye nokungcola okungekho nto iqulethe ngaphandle. Ukulimala okubangelwa kukungcola, iifungus okanye ukungcola kungabhekiswa ukuba umonakalo ungumphumo othe ngqo wengozi (njengomlilo) ebhalwe ngaphandle.
Ukuba ishishini lakho linyanzeliswa ukuba livaliwe ngenxa yokungcola kokutya kwaye ulahlekelwe yimali ngenxa yoko, ingabe i-inshorensi yakho ye- inshorensi yakho iya kuhlawula ilahleko? Impendulo mhlawumbi. Ubungakanani buya kusebenza kuphela xa ukuvalwa kwezinto kubangelwa ukulimala ngokomzimba ngengozi ehlanganisiweyo kwipropati kwindawo yakho. Ingeniso olahlekelwayo ngenxa yokucinywa okubangelwa ukungcola kokutya ngeibhaktheriya okanye isikhunta ayinakukufihla.
Ukuxhaswa kokuPhepha kokutya
Ukuba ishishini lakho linyanzeliswa ukuba livaliwe ngenxa yokufumanisa (okanye ukusola) kokungcola kokutya, inkampani yakho iya kulahlekelwa yintlawulo kwaye ifake iindleko ezingaphezulu . Ezi lahleko ziyakucetyiswa phantsi kwe- ISO Yokunciphisa Ukutya okuqinisekisiwe kwongezwe kumgaqo-nkqubo wakho wepropati. Ubungakanani busebenza kuphela xa ukuvalwa kugunyazwa yiBhodi yezeMpilo okanye elinye i-arhente karhulumente . Ukuvuma kuhlanganisa oku kulandelayo:
- Iindleko zokuhlambulula izixhobo njengoko kufunwa ngugunya karhulumente
- Iindleko zokutshintsha ukutya okwenyani okanye ukukhankanywa ukuba zingcolile
- Iindleko zeemvavanyo zonyango kunye nokugonywa kwabasebenzi (ngaphandle kokuba ezi ndleko zihlanganiswe yinthorensi yembuyekezo yomshuwalense)
- Ukulahlekelwa kwengeniso yoshishino iqalisa iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba ufumene isaziso sokuvalwa
- Iinkcitho zentengiso ezongezelelweyo ezenzelwe ukubuyisela idumela lakho
Iindleko ezichazwe ngasentla zixhomekeke kumda wonyaka wonyaka. Akukho nkonzo yokubambisana iyasebenza kwiintlawulo ezihlawulwa nguRhulumente okanye izigwebo.
UmGaqo woLuntu
Izibango ezifakwe ngabaxhasi ngenxa yezifo ezigqityiweyo kwiimveliso ezingcolileyo kufuneka zifunyenwe yinshuwalense yemfanelo yenkampani jikelele. Umgaqo- nkqubo wokuzibophelela ngokubanzi uquka ukukhutshwa kwemibango yemfanelo yemveliso . Le ngxelo iyasebenza kumabango okulimala komzimba okanye umonakalo wepropati owenzeka ngaphandle kwendawo yakho kwaye kwenzeka xa umkhiqizo ungaselona.
Ukuba ishishini lakho lithengisa iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa kwindawo yenkampani yakho, umgcini wakho womshuwalense mhlawumbi uyongezelela ukuxhaswa okubizwa ngokuba yiMveliso / Imisebenzi egqityiweyo. Oku kuvunyeliswa kukuphelisa imfuneko yokuba ukulimala komzimba okanye umonakalo wepropathi kufuneka uvele kwindawo yakho ibe ngumgangatho njengemveliso-yokuzaliswa kwemisebenzi. Isiphumo kukuba ukugula komthengi okuxhasa ekudleni ukutya kwindawo yakho kuya kufakwa njengemveliso-yokuzaliswa kokulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi, kungekhona indawo yokulahleka kwemisebenzi.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuzibophelela ngokubanzi iqulethe ezinye izinto ezingabandakanyeka kwisiganeko sokungcola kokutya. Cishe yonke imigaqo-nkqubo ayibandakanyi amabango avela kukungcola. Kwakhona zibandakanya umonakalo okanye iindleko ezihambelana nomkhiqizo okhumbulayo. Ezinye iipolisi azibandakanyi amabango anxulumene nezixhobo.
Ukukhumbula Ukukhutshwa kwemveliso
Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, umgaqo-nkqubo wokuzibophelela jikelele awufihla iindleko zokukhumbula iimveliso ezivela kwimarike. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeendleko zingabhekiswa phantsi kwegunya le-ISO elinelungelo lokuKhutshwa kweNkcitho yoLungiso lweMveliso . Ukwamukelwa kuhlanganisa iindleko ezithile ozenzayo xa umkhiqizo wakho kufuneka ukhunjulwe ngenxa yokuba uquletheko okanye ulwaphulo olukhanyelayo, okanye ngenxa yokuba luye lwaphazamiseka. Ukuze i-coverage ifake isicelo, impazamo yomkhiqizo okanye ukuphazamiseka kufuneka kubangele (okanye kulindeleke ukuba kubangele) ukulimala komzi okanye ukulimala kwipropati ebonakalayo.
Ukunikezelwa kweMveliso engeNcitshiswayo akuyikukhawulelana nomonakalo kuwe ngomnye umntu oye wafaka iindleko zokurhoxisa umkhiqizo wakho ongcolileyo kwimarike. Umzekelo, inkampani yakho inika umgubo wengqolowa kwibhaka yokutya. Ufumanisa ukuba umqeshwa wakho onyantsiweyo unqabile i-batch yomgubo, ahlambele ngomquba. Ukwazisa i-bakery, enyanzelekile ukuba ihoxise izonkwa ezingama-300 ezithengisayo eziqulethe umgubo ocolileyo. Ukuba i-bakery ifuna ukuba uqokelele iindleko ezenziweyo ukukhumbula isonka, umonakalo awuyi kuguqulwa ngokuvuma.
Abanye abaqinisekisayo baye bahlakulela imveliso yabo yokukhumbula ukuhlawulwa kweendleko. Ezi mvume zingabanzi ngaphezu kwe-ISO.
Iimveliso zomshuwalense
Izibonelelo ezichazwe ngasentla zihlanganisa kuphela ezinye izingozi ezibandakanyeka nokutya okungcolileyo. Inkcazo ebanzi iyatholakala phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo weemveliso ezingcolileyo. I-inshorensi yemveliso engcolileyo yenzelwe abavelisi okanye abahambisa iimveliso ezinokugulisa abathengi ukuba zihlambulukile. Imizekelo yokutya (kubandakanywa nokutya kwezilwanyana), amayeza, izimonyo, kunye nezongezelelo zemfuyo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yemveliso engahlambulukanga ayinakulinganiswa ukuze i-coverage ihluke kwi-insurer enye kwenye. Iipolisi ngokuqhelekileyo zikhupha izindleko zokukhumbula iindleko kunye nokulimala okuvela kwiimangalo zesithathu. Isiqhelo sisoloko siqaliswa ngumngcipheko wengozi (kubandakanywa ukulahleka) okanye ukuphazamiseka komonakalo kwemveliso yomshuwalense. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto ezinobungozi kudla ngokuba lixesha elichaziweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuguqulwa ngamabomu okanye ukungcola kwemveliso ebangela ukuba loo mveliso ibe yingozi okanye ayifanele ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kungabhekiswa ukuba ngaba umenzi wobubi unobungcolisa loo mveliso okanye usongela ukwenza njalo.
Nazi ezinye zeziganeko ezijoliswe kumgaqo-nkqubo ochaphazelekayo onokuzibandakanya:
- Ukulimala okubangelwa ngamabango esithathu
- Ukukhuselwa kwezokhuseleko kwiibango zangaphandle
- Iindleko zokukhumbula iimveliso
- Iindleko zokutshabalalisa okanye ukulahla iimveliso ezingcolileyo
- Ukulahlekelwa kwexabiso lemveliso engcolileyo
- Ukulahlekelwa kwengeniso kunye neendleko ezingaphezulu
- Iindleko zokugqithisa komkhiqizo
- Iindleko zokuqesha umcebisi weengxaki
- Iindleko zokuvuselela ikhenkethi yenkampani yakho ukubuyisela ukuzithemba kwabathengi