Inkcazo yeBhodi yokuKhathazeka
Igama elimazi lomzimba livela kwiintengiso ezininzi, uxanduva oluqhelekileyo kunye nemigaqo- yorhwebo yeesambulela . Ininzi yale nkqubo iqulethe inkcazo efanayo yeli gama njengomgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo we- ISO Commercial Commercial (CGL). I-CGL ithi ukulimala komzimba kuthetha:
ukulimala komzimba, ukugula okanye izifo ezixhaswa ngumntu, kubandakanywa nokufa okubangelwa nawaphi na kwezi naliphi na ixesha
Qaphela ukuba ukulimala komzimba kuquka ukugula nezifo kunye nokulimala ngokomzimba. Kwakhona kubandakanya ukufa, ukuba ukufa kubangelwa ukulimala komzimba, ukugula okanye izifo. Ukufa okubangelwa zizizathu ezingabonakaliyo akunakulungele ukulimala komzimba.
Ukulimala Kwengqondo
Eminye imigaqo-nkqubo yemfanelo epheleleyo iqulethe inkcazo ebanzi yokulimala komzimba kunokuba kufumaneka kwi-ISO CGL. Kule nkqubo, ukulimala komzimba kungabandakanya enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto ezilandelayo: ukwethuka, ukwesaba, ukulimala kwengqondo, ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, okanye ukuthotywa. Xa kubandakanywe ukulimala kwengqondo, baqheleke kuphela xa bebangela ukulimala ngokomzimba.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba uBob uphenga kwisitolo sokuphucula ikhaya. Umsebenzi wesitolo usebenzisa i-forklift ukuhambisa ibhokisi enzima xa ephazamisa ngengozi uBob.
Umlenze kaBob walimala kakhulu engozini kwaye kufuneka unqunywe. UBob ubhekene nokukhathazeka kwengqondo ngokulahlekelwa ngumlenze wakhe. Ubeka isitolo sasekhaya ngenxa yokulimala ngokomzimba kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo. Ivenkile inesiqinisekiso ngaphantsi komgaqo-nkqubo ojongene nokunyaniseka kwengqondo equka ukukhathazeka kwengqondo kwinkcazo yokulimala komzimba. Ngenxa yokuba ubuhlungu bukaBob bubuhlungu ngenxa yokulimala kwakhe, unokufumana umvuzo ngenxa yokulimala ngokomzimba kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo.
Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-ISO lokulimala komzimba alinakuchazwa ngengozi yengqondo njengokhathazeka kwengqondo kunye nokutshitshiswa. Ngaba banokuqwalaselwa ngengozi yomzimba nangoko? Impendulo ixhomekeka kwizinto ezimbini: umthetho wesimo kunye nokuba khona kwengozi emzimbeni. Kwamanye amazwe, ukulimala ngokwengqondo okubangelwa ukulimala kwenyama kunokubhekwa njengengozi yomzimba. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, ukulimala kwengqondo okwenzeka ngokungabikho kokulimala akukufaneli ukulimala komzimba.
Umzekelo, uBob (kwimeko yangaphambili) uthengisa esitolo xa ebona i-toklift esondelayo. Umqeshwa wesitolo oqhuba isithuthi akabonanga uBob. UBob uyabukela ngokukrakra njengoko i-forklift iya ngqo ngqo kuye. Isithuthi sele sisondele kumlenze kaBob xa umqeshwa ebona uBob. Uloba ngowesibini wokugqibela, ulahlekile uBob inwele. UBob ubhekene nokuhlaselwa ngokuxhalaba ngenxa yokusweleka. Ubeka ivenkile yengxaki yokugula.
Nangona umgaqo-mboleko we-store uquka ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwingcaciso yakhe yokwenyuka komzimba, ibango likaBob alinakunqandwa. UBob akazange ahlupheke nantlungu na. Ukulimala kwengqondo okwenzeka ngokungabikho kokulimala okwenyama akufaneli ukufumana ukulimala komzimba.
Umgaqo malunga nokulimala ngokwengqondo kuphela kunokunye. Kwimihlaba embalwa, iinkundla ziye zazimisela ukuba ukulimala ngokwasemzimbeni kungabangela ukulimala komzimba. Kule ndawo, ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, ukuxhalabisa okanye ukulimala ngokwengqondo kunokufumana ukulimala komzimba nangona ukulimala kwengqondo akubanga ngenxa yokulimala ngokomzimba.
Iingqinisiso zomgaqo
Uninzi lwemigaqo-mambula yezorhwebo luqulethe inkcazo ebanzi yokulimala komzimba ngaphezu kwe-ISO CGL. Kule nkqubo, ukulimala komzimba kunokwenzeka ukuquka uhlobo oluthile lokulimala kwengqondo njengokwenzakala kwengqondo. Uninzi lwezimbululwazi lukhawuleza ukukhawuleza kwengozi yengqondo ebangelwa kukulimala emzimbeni.
Qaphela ukuba ezininzi iibrawule ziquka ukugcinwa kwe-insured (SIR). I-SIR isebenza kwiibango ezigqitywe yi-sambulela kodwa kungekhona nge-inshorensi. Ukuba i-umbrella yakho ibandakanya ukulimala kwengqondo kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo wakho wokuzibophelela, akunjalo, i-SIR iya kusebenza kwibango lokulimala emzimbeni elithetha ukulimala kwengqondo.
Ukuxhatshazwa komzimba kunye nokulimala komntu
Ekugqibeleni, amagosa amaninzi athetha ukulimala komzimba ngokuthi "ukulimala." Kulo lugqirha lomthetho "ugqwetha lomntu olimele" limela abantu abaye babulala ngokomzimba okanye ngokwengqondo engozini ebangelwa ukunganakwa komnye umntu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamagqwetha egama elithi "ukulimala komntu siqu" kunokudibanisa abaphathi benkqubo kunye nabaqeqeshi be-inshorensi ngokufanayo. Kwimashishini yomshuwalense, igama elithi "ukulimala komntu" lithetha intsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwimigaqo-nkqubo yobunini-jikelele, ukulimala ngokwasemgangathweni lixesha elichaziweyo. Incazelo ibandakanya izenzo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeqhinga , ukunyundela , kunye nokuboshwa kwamanga . Kokubakho ukulimala komntu kunye nokulimala kwintengiso kuxutywa phantsi kweNdawo yokuTyala kunye noTywala .