I-subbase ifuna ukufaniswa ngendalo ukuxhasa isakhiwo ngaphaya kwayo
I-subbase eqinile iyintloko kwiprojekthi ephumelelayo. I- slab yomhlaba kunye neendawo zokupaka ngokuqhelekileyo zenzelwe ukuxhaswa ngumgca ophantsi okanye ukuhlaziywa. I-subbase ifuna ukuba ifaniswe ngokwemvelo, ingenamandla, ngoko kufuneka ibe nokukwazi ukuxhasa isakhiwo ngaphaya kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ube neengqungquthela ezihlangeneyo kunye namalungu, ukukhusela ukucima kunye nokudibanisa okuhlangeneyo.
Uluhlu oluthile luchazwe njani?
I-subgrade ingachazwa njengomhlaba wasezantsi uhlanganiswe ukumelana nemithwalo ngaphezulu kwayo.
Kuluhlu olufunekayo kwizakhiwo ezininzi ezifana neengqwebo kunye ne-slabs, nangona kufuneka ukuba neempawu ezithile. I-subgrade ingadinga izakhiwo ezikhethiweyo zokuhambisa amanzi ukuze zikhuphe amanzi njengoko zingabandakanywa nomhlaba ongapheliyo kwaye zimele zihlulwe ngaphakathi kunye okanye zingaphantsi kwama-1.5 intshi ekuphakanyeni okukhethiweyo. Akukho nto ihambelanayo ngokubhekiselele kumigqaliselo yohlengahlengiso kunye nokuhlaziywa, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlaziywa kumhlaba wasemhlabeni ngelixa i-subbase iyinkqantosi yomhlaba okanye ihlanganiswe ngaphezulu kwe-subgrade.
Ubunzima kangakanani ukuhlaziywa?
I-subgrade kufuneka ibe nenani elaneleyo lokumelana nemithwalo ephetheyo. Eyona nto inzima kakhulu, i-stecker i-subgrade kufuneka ibe, njengokuba unokuba negrasides eline-intshi ezili-12 kunye nesiganeko somcimbi, ngokuqhelekileyo ezindleleni. Nangona kunjalo. ixabiso lokuhlawula ngokuqhelekileyo libiza ngaphantsi kunezinto eziphezulu kwaye kunokuthintela amanzi ekuboniseni phezulu.
Iintlobo zokuSebenza eziNcinane
Uluhlu olusisiseko luza kunika izibonelelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukubonelela amandla kunye nenkxaso kwi-pavement overlying
- Ukubonelela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kweqabunga
- Ukuthintela ukuhlala kwiindawo zokuhamba kunye ne-slab kwibanga
- Ingasetyenziswa kwakhona xa unquma ukwenza utshintsho lwakho lomhlaba.
- Kuya kugcina abasebenzi bakhwela.
- Ingayenza indawo ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kokubeka umgangatho ophelileyo
- Iyancipha izindleko zokwakha
Izinto eziPhezulu zeMpahla
Ezinye zezona zinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zixhobo:
- Ikhonkrithi yerhafu
- Ukuzaliswa kwe-granular njengoko kuboniswe kwi-ACI 302 'Umgangatho wokuThengisa kunye noKwakhiwa kweSlab'
- Uhlobo oluthile
- Yidla idwala
- Ikhonkrithi ephilileyo
- Izinto ezinokwenziwa ngokuphindiweyo ezifana nekhonkri echotshoziweyo okanye isitena
Ukuphucula i-Subgrade Material
Xa izinto zokuhlaziywa zingenakwaneleyo ukuxhasa imithwalo, ke kufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi owongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukuba izinto ezifanelekileyo zakhiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezincinci ziphuculwe ngokufaka i-geotextiles. I-geotextile isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukudibanisa umhlaba othe tye okanye onganeleyo onokuchaphazela amandla okwakhiwa kwesondlo. I-Geotextile kufuneka ibe neendawo ezithile zokumatshini kunye nezomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuba zinempawu ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ezi zinto zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa usebenza kunye ne-subgrade yakho:
- Iimpawu kunye neepropati zento yokucoca
- Ubunzulu bokuhlalisa kunye nokujula kwitheyibhile yamanzi.
- Ukuququzelelwa okunokuthi kufumaneke ukuphunyezwa.
- Ixabiso le-CBR yeegragrasi ezingahambelaniyo kunye nezihlanganisiweyo.
- Ubuninzi bezinto ezinobuncwane kwi-subsiil okanye ezinye izinto eziyingozi
- Ukungahambi kakuhle kwintsebenzo yesithwathwa okanye ukuvuvukala ngokweqile.
Iingcebiso kunye neengcebiso Xa usebenza neMhlabathi ye-Subbase
Xa ulungiselela kwaye usebenza kunye neenkcukacha zakho ze-subbase maziqaphele ngoku kulandelayo:
- Ukusebenza ngokusebenzayo kufumaneka xa usebenza ngokugcwalisa kuphela, izinto ezinqunyweyo zikhoyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ziya kufumana i-compact ngaphezu kweyona nto.
- Isilathisi asikwazi ukuhlanganiswa kumigca enemihlaba, inhlabathi engqambileyo ingaba. Nangona kunjalo, i-silts inokuqulunqwa kumxholo wayo omswakama.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa ihlabathi lokukhukhumeza njengoko banako ukwandisa kunye neentsebenziswano kunye neentshukumo zokunyusa ezithinta ingqibelelo ye-slab kunye ne-pavement ngaphezulu kwazo.
- Iimpawu eziphantsi kunye nokuhlaziywa zingalawulwa ngokusebenzisa iikhemikhali okanye ezinye izinto.
- Izixhobo eziphantsi kwezinto ezinokuthi zibandakanyeke ziquka iindawo ezisemgangathweni ezenzekayo, umhlaba onotyiweyo okanye umhlaba odibeneyo.
- Xa kunokwenzeka ugweme ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezinokuhlawulwa kweepesenti ezili-15.
- Phakamisa ubukhulu buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, izixhobo zokusebenza zokusetyenziswa, kunye nendlela yokwakha.