Yintoni Eyona Mold?
Iibhokhwe ziintlobo zefungi, iqela lezinto eziphilayo ezibandakanya iidya, i-mildew kunye nama-mushroom.
Imibumba iyasasazeka kwaye ingafumaneka ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo. Kukho amawaka eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobumba. Ezi ziphilayo zivelisa ngokudala nokusabalalisa ama-spores. Isibongo sidinga umswakama kunye ne-oksijini ukuze ikhule. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka kwiindawo apho amanzi angene khona ngenxa yombhobho ovuzayo, isiseko esisemanzini, ukuxhomekeka kwiindawo ezibandayo (ezifana nezixhobo zokususa i-friji), ukujikeleza kwemoya engafanelekanga, okanye ukuhamba ngokungahambi kakuhle.
Yintoni "Inetyhefu" Yombumba?
Igama elithi "isikhunta esinetyhefu" lapapashwa ngamajelo ekupheleni kwee-1990. Yaba yintetho yesigidimi ngo-2001, xa umbhangqwana waseTexas uzuze i-$ 32 yezigidi kwisigxina esinxulumene nesibhoxo ngokumelene ne-insurer yabo. Sekunjalo, ibhaso elikhulu lalingenamsebenzi owenziwe ngetyhefu. Umonakalo esi sibini sifumene ngumonakalo wepropati obangelwa yimibhobho ephosakeleyo , kungekhona ukulimala komzimba . Ngelixa abachasayo bebambene nesibumba babenza abagula, abazange bakwazi ukubonakalisa ulwalamano oluchanekileyo phakathi kweengxaki zabo zempilo kunye nokubunjwa.
Ibhaso le-$ 32 yezigidi liye lancitshiswa liye lalinganiselwa kwi-4 yezigidigidi zeedola.
Igama elithi "isikhunta esinetyhefu" liyingozi, ngokubhekiselele kwiCDC, kuba ukubunjwa ngokwabo akuyiyo inetyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimbumba zivelisa i-spores okanye i-toxins engonakalisa abantu. Abantu abanesifo sokuphefumula, iingxaki zokuphefumula, okanye i-system immune system iyakwazi ukuphendula ngokubunjwa kunabantu abangenalo miqathango.
Abantwana abancinci kunye nabalupheleyo nabo banokungcipheka. Izimpembelelo ezingalunganga ekubunjeni ziyakwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ziveze okanye zingabambezeleka.
Uxanduva lwezo shishino
Amashishini angabanjwa enoxanduva lokulimala okanye umonakalo oxhaswa ngabaqeshi, abathengi, abasebenzi okanye abanye ngenxa yokubunjwa. Ezinye iindidi zamashishini zikhuselekileyo ekubunjeni amabango kunabanye. Ezi ziquka abanikazi bezindlu , abaphathi bepropati, iikontrakta zokwakha, abakhi bezakhiwo kunye nabanjiniyela bezakhiwo.
Abanikazi bezindlu zokuhlala baxhomekeke phantsi komthetho ofanayo (kunye nemithetho emininzi karhulumente) ukugcina impahla yokuqashisa kwindawo yokuhlala. Oku kuthetha ukuba isakhiwo kufuneka sikhuselekile ukuba sihlale kuyo. Ukuba isakhiwo sokuhlala sihlakulela ukukhulelwa kwe-mold, umninimzi angaba noxanduva kubaqeshi nayiphi na inzakalo okanye umonakalo abawuxhasa ngenxa yokubunjwa. Abaphathi bezakhiwo baneembopheleleko ezifanayo njengabanikazi bezindlu kuba bebenzela egameni labo.
Imithetho emalunga nabanini-mhlaba bezorhwebo ayinamandla kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba abaqeshi bezorhwebo badla ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba baqeshi abahlala kwindawo yokuxoxisana nabanini bezindlu. Izakhiwo zorhwebo ngokubanzi akufuneki ukuba zihlale, kodwa ezinye zifuna ukuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Kwezinye iimeko, umqeshi wezorhwebo unokukwazi ukubonisa ukuba isakhiwo esingcoliswe ngumbumba asifanelekanga ukuba sisetyenziswe kuyo.
Abakontrakta bangahlawuliswa xa izakhiwo abakhiweyo okanye zilungiswe zivelise ukuvuza kwamanzi, okukhuthaza ukukhula kobunqamlezo. Isibongo esifanelekileyo malunga neekontraki sisekelwe kwisinye sezibango ezilandelayo:
- Izinto ezingalunganga: I-kontrakta isebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwezixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, ikhontraktha ayiphumelelanga ukusebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela amanzi ukukhusela isakhiwo ekuphumeni.
- Amacandelo angalunganga: I-kontraka esebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo kodwa wazifaka ngokungafanelekanga. Umzekelo, ifowuni efayili yasebenzisa i-flashing efanelekileyo kodwa ayifakwanga ngokufanelekileyo kwi window window.
- Umonakalo Ngethuba lokwakha: I-kontraka yabangela umonakalo ngexesha lokwakha eliye laphumela ekungeneni kwamanzi nobunzima obulandelayo. Ngokomzekelo, uphahla lwengozi lonakalise ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lokufaka uphahla olutsha. Amanzi agxininisa ngamandla, okwenza i-mold infestation.
Abacwangcisi kunye neenjineli zakhiwo baxhomekeke kwizigwebo ezisekelwe kwiingxelo zokungalunganga kwezakhiwo okanye izakhiwo zayo. Ababango banokuthi isakhiwo esilungileyo sivumele ukungena kwamanzi kungene okanye kuqokelele kwisakhiwo. Umswakama ukhuthaze ukukhula kwesikhunta, okwenzakalise ummangali okanye okonakaliswe kwipropati yommangali.
Uxanduva lwabaqeshi
Abaqeshi banyanzelekile phantsi komthetho oqhelekileyo ukubonelela abasebenzi abahlala kwindawo ephephile. Ziyakufunwa kwakhona nguMthetho woKhuseleko kunye neMpilo yokuSebenzela ukubonelela indawo yokusebenzela engenakho izingozi ezinokuqhelanisa nabasebenzi.
Ngenxa yokuba iziphumo zempilo zesikhunta aziqondakali kakuhle, akukho migaqo yomgaqo-nkqubo yemigangatho ye-mold of molds okanye i-spores yayo. I-OSHA ipapashe i-bulletin yokhuseleko kwi-mold. Olu xwebhu lujoliswe kubaphathi bezakhiwo kodwa lunokuba luncedo kunoma yimuphi umqeshi ufuna ulwazi malunga nokubunjwa.
Thintelo
Indlela eyona ndlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela iimpahla ezinokubunjwa kukukhusela ukubunjwa ekukhuleni kwindawo yokuqala. Abanikazi bezakhiwo kufuneka benze ukuhlolwa konyaka ukujonga ukuvuza, ukuxhaswa, iimpawu eziphosakeleyo kwiifestile kunye neengcango, amanzi amanxweme azungeze iziseko, kunye neminye imithombo yomswakama. Iinkqubo zokuphucula umoya kufuneka zihlolwe kwakhona.
Ubumbano bunokukhula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo, kuquka neenkuni, iphepha, umhlaba, i-drywall kunye neyambatho. Nazi ezinye iimpawu zokubumba zikhona okanye zibe yingxaki kwixesha elizayo:
- Ukwakhiwa okanye okubhaliweyo kuye kwanomonakalo wamanzi
- Izinto zokwakha ziye zamanzi ngaphezu kwamahora angama-48
- Isakhiwo sele sineengxaki zokunyamezela, ezifana neepayipi ezivuzayo okanye iifestile eziphosakeleyo
- Iimpumpe ze-Musty okanye ze-moldy
- Isakhiwo sele sisandululwa okanye sisetyenziselwa injongo eyahlukileyo
Intsholongwane Yobunjineli
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, amashishini angakhusela ngokwasemthethweni amabango ngokuthenga i- inshorensi yemfanelo enkulu . Ifom ye- ISO yemfanelo yokubambisa iifom ayikubandakanyi isikhunta ngokukodwa. Iqulethe ukungcola ukungcola, kodwa ukukhutshwa kungasetyenziselwa ukuba kubangelwe amabango. Abatshutshisi baye bafumana ubunzima bokukholisa iinkundla ezinokuthi i-mold ifanelekile.
Ngenxa yokuba abanako ukuthembela ekungcolisweni kokungcola ukukhawulela amabango ebumbisi, abaqhorensi bahlala befakela i-Fungi okanye iBacteria ngaphandle komgaqo-nkqubo. Abaninzi bango-inshorensi basebenzisa ukukhutshwa okubanzi ngokupapashwa ngu-ISO. Ukukhutshwa kuqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini, i-A kunye ne-B. Icandelo A lichaphazela ukulimala komzimba kunye nomonakalo wepropati , kunye neCandelo B libhekiselele kwingozi yokwenene kunye nentengiso .
Icandelo A lingabandakanyi nasiphi na ukulimala komzimba okanye umonakalo wepropathi ophumela ekuvezeni okanye ukudibana neefungi okanye ibhaktheriya okanye ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo okanye okubhalwe kuyo. (Ibhaktheriya ayibandakanyiweyo ngenxa yokuba ezinye iibhaktheriya zisebenzisa umbhobho njengomthombo wokutya.) Ukukhutshwa kuqulethe isigatshana esichasene nesigxina . Eli gatya liphelisa ukukhutshwa kwanoma yimuphi umonakalo okanye umonakalo obandakanya iifungus okanye ibhaktheriya, nangona enye imbangela okanye isiganeko esigqitywe ngumgaqo-nkqubo kubangele ukulimala okanye ukulimala. Icandelo A lingabandakanyi nayiphi na ilahleko, indleko okanye iindleko ezivela ekucoceni kwesikhunta okanye ukulungiswa.
Yomshuwalense wendalo
Amashishini anokuzikhusela ngokwasemthethweni amabango ebumbanyo ngokubambisa i-inshurensi yemfanelo yendalo yomshuwalense. Imigaqo-nkqubo yendalo yinkcazo yebango lesithathu ephuma kwiimeko "zokungcola." Iipolisi zihluka ngokubanzi, kwaye ezinye (kodwa akuzona zonke) zihlanganisa ubumba. Ukuba ungathanda ulwazi oluninzi malunga ne-inshorensi yemfanelo yendalo, qhagamshelana ne- arhente yakho okanye umthengisi .