Iinshurensi yoNyango yabasebenzi kwiiNtsholongwane

by Marianne Bonner

Iintetho ezine e-US ziyakwenqabela ukuthengiswa kwe- inshurensi yembuyekezo yomshuwalense ngabanini- mshishino . Ezi zizwe zibizwa ngokuba yi- monopolistic states . Kulolu hlobo lulunye, abaqeshi kufuneka bathenge i-inshurensi yokuhlawula i-inshurensi evela kwingxowa-mali ye-inshurensi esebenza ngurhulumente. Ezi zine ezinezinto ezizimeleyo zi-Ohio, Wyoming, eWashington naseNyakatho Dakota.

I-Nevada kunye ne-West Virginia babephulawula ngamanye amazwe. Bobabini bashintshela kwinkqubo yemakethi yokukhuphisana emva kokuba i-fund yabo yezemali ihlangabezana neengxaki zemali. I-Nevada yavula imarike yokuhlawulela yabasebenzi kwi-private insurers ngo-1999.

Iingxowa-mali eziManyeneyo kunye neNkxaso-mali

Amaqela amaninzi asebenza ngemali ye-inshurensi yembuyekezo yomshuwalense Uninzi lweemali zombuso ziinkampani ezikhuphisanayo eziphila kwishishini kunye nabanini-mshishino. Abanye bakhonza iinjongo ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, iNgxowa-mali yesizwe saseNew York yinkxaso-mkhuphiswano ekhuphisanayo nesicwangciso sobungozi esinikwe ngumbuso.

Ngokungafani nemali yokukhuphisana, i-monopolistic ithi "imali iphela yomsunguli we-inshorensi yokuhlawulela abasebenzi kulezo zizwe. Ubunini-bhorensi yabucala abuvumelekanga, ngoko ke le mali ayinakho phiswano.

Ukwahlula kunye nokuHlola

Iindibano ezine ezizimeleyo ziye zaphuhlisa uluhlu lwazo kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisela. I-Ohio, iWashington neNorth Dakota isebenzisa inkqubo esekelwe kwiikhowudi ezine. Ezi zihluke kwiikhowudi ze- NCCI . I-Wyoming ikwahlukanisa abasebenzi basebenzisa iNkqubo yokuLawulwa kweeNkampani zaseMntla Amerika. I-SCS isekelwe kwiikhowudi ezili-6.

Imigaqo eyahlukileyo ifunekayo

Amashishini amaninzi aqesha abasebenzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukuba ishishini liqesha abasebenzi kwiimeko ezizimeleyo, abo basebenzi abanako ukufumana inshorensi phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawulela abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni. Kunoko, kufuneka zifakwe phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo ohlukeneyo ovela kwi-inshurensi ye-state bureau.

Umgaqo-mali wokuhlawula abasebenzi ofunyenweyo kwilizwe elizimeleyo alibandakanyi ukukhutshwa komsebenzi wabasebenzi. Kule mihlaba, abaxanduva baqeshwe ngokuqhotyoshelweyo ngokubhengezwa kwenkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo . Xa kubandakanywa ukugunyazwa, i-inshorensi yemfanelo yabanini-mboleko ibizwa ngokuba yi- stop-gap coverage .

01 - Umlinganiselo e-Ohio

E-Ohio, i-inshurensi yembuyekezo yomshuwalense iyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na ishishini eliqesha omnye okanye ngaphezulu abasebenzi. Abaqeshi kufuneka bathenge le ngxelo evela kwi-Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation (BWC). Banokufaka isicelo somgaqo-nkqubo ngokugqiba isicelo kunye nokuthumela (kunye nemali yesicelo) kwi-BWC. Isicelo sinokukhutshwa kwiwebhusayithi ye-BWC.

I-BWC isebenza kwiprogram yokubeka amava , kwaye ibala abaguquleli bamava abafanelekileyo abaqeshi. Abaqeshi baxhomekeke kumava okulahleka okulindelekileyo okanye abadlula i-$ 2,000, ngokusekelwe kwimivuzo yabo kunye neerhafu ezifanelekileyo. I-BWC inikezela inkqubo yenkxaso-mali yeqela, evumela abaqeshi kumashishini afanayo ukuba bagcine imali kwiimbuyekezo zeempesimali zokuhlawulela abasebenzi. Iqela kufuneka lixhaswe ngumbutho wezorhwebo okanye elinye iqela lomqeshi. Inhlangano exhasa inkxaso efuna ukuxhaswa iqela kufuneka ifake isicelo kwi-BTW yokuqinisekisa.

I-self-inshurensi yembuyekezo yemisebenzi ivumelekile e-Ohio. Ukuze ufaneleke njengesiqinisekiso-mali, umqeshi kufuneka aqeshe abasebenzi abangama-500 base-Ohio baze bahlangabezane nezinye iimfuno zokufaneleka.

02 - Umgangatho kwi-Wyoming

E-Wyoming, i-inshurensi yembuyekezo yomshuwalense ilawulwa yiCandelo leeNkxaso-mali zabasebenzi beSebe le-Wyoming leNkonzo zoLuntu (DWS). Amashishini abasebenzisa nayiphi na abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kufuneka abhalise kwi-DWS. Ukubhaliswa kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba ibhizinisi iqalise ukusebenza okanye kuqeshwe nabasebenzi base-Wyoming.

Xa umqeshi ebhalisile, i-DWS iya kubelana ngezigaba. Izinga lokuhlawulela abasebenzi base-Base zifumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeSebe. I-DWS ibala amava okuguqula abaqeshi abaphantsi kovavanyo lwamava.

I-Wyoming ayiyikuvumela ukuba i-self-inshurensi yemfanelo yokuhlawulwa kwabasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-DWS inika iprogram echanekileyo yabaqeshi abahlangabezana neemfuno zayo.

Abaqashi base-Wyoming bangafaka isicelo kwi-DWS ngoncedo lwezemali ukuphumeza uqeqesho lwezempilo okanye ukhuseleko, okanye utyalo-mali kwizixhobo ezintsha zokukhusela. Emva kokuba isicelo sivunyiwe, umqeshi unokufumana i-$ 10,000 ukusuka kwiNgxowa-mali yoPhuculo loKhuseleko lwe-Wyoming.

03 - Umlinganiselo eWashington

Amashishini aqeshe nabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni baseWashington kufuneka bathenge i-inshorensi yokuhlawula i-workers evela kwiSebe laseMashishini labasebenzi base-Washington kunye ne-Industries (L & I). Ukongezelela ekuboneleleni nge-inshurensi, i-L & I ijongene neprogram yase-Washington yomsebenzi kunye nenokhuseleko, evunywe yi-OSHA.

Ngaphambi kokuba umqeshi waseWashington angathenga i-inshurensi yokuhlawula i-inshurensi, kufuneka afumane ilayisenisi yezoshishino kwiSebe leNgeniso (DOR). Xa sele ikhutshwe ilayisensi, i-DOR iyazisa i-L & I ukuba i-akhawunti yempindiselo yabasebenzi iyadingeka. UL & I useka i-akhawunti, kwaye ikhetha ukuhlelwa kunye neerhafu ezifanelekileyo. Ikwazisa umqeshi we-premium efunekayo. Ukuba umqeshi unelungelo lokufumana amava, i-L & I sinquma ukuguqula amava okusebenzayo.

IWashington ivumela abaqashi abanokuba ubuncinane imali engama-R25 million kwiimpahla zokuzibophezela ngokuzibophezela kwabo. Ukuze ufaneleke njengesiqinisekiso-mali, umqeshi kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno ezisungulwe ngu-L & I.

04 - Umlinganiselo eNyakatho Dakota

I-North Dakota Indawo yokuSebenza eMsebenzini kunye noNgcshuwalense (WSI) ngumniki kunye nomlawuli we-inshurensi yembuyekezo yomshuwalense kwi-North Dakota. Amashishini kufuneka athenge i-inshorensi ukuba aqeshe abantu ukuba basebenze eNyakatho Dakota okanye babe nabasebenzi abasebenza kwindawo yezoshishino kwimeko. Ukufumana umgaqo-nkqubo, umqeshi kufuneka agcwalise isicelo aze angenise kwiCandelo leNkonzo ze-WSI. Izicelo zifumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeWSI.

I-WSI isungula amaxabiso okuhlawula abasebenzi. Kwakhona isebenza kwiprogram yovavanyo lwabaqeshi abadibana ne-premium threshold. Abaqeshi abangahlangabezananga nomyinge baxhomekeke kwinkqubo encinci ye-debit / credit card.

I-WSI inikeza inkqubo yokubuyela emsebenzini ukuya kunceda abasebenzi abalimele babuyele emsebenzini ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubo ibandakanya ulawulo lwezehlotyana, ulawulo lolawulo lwezakhono, kunye noncedo kwabasebenzi abalimele abafuna umsebenzi wokuhlawulela.

I-North Dakota ayivumeli abaqeshi ukuba baqinisekise ukuzibophezela kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, i-WSI inika iprogram ekhutshwayo yabaqeshi abafezekisa iziqinisekiso zabo.