I-TQM ifuna ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza
Intshayelelo
UkuPhathwa kweMigangatho yoQeqesho ( TQM ) yindlela eyaziwayo yokumgangatho kumashishini afuna ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza okuya kudibana okanye kudlulele okulindelwe ngabathengi. Oku kuya kufumaneka ngokuhlanganisa imisebenzi esemgangathweni kunye neenkqubo eziphambili kwiinkampani.
Elinye iqela eliphambili kwi-TQM ngumgaqo wokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphucula okuqhubekayo kuphumelele, oku kuquka:
- Inkqubo yokwenza imephu
- Uphuhliso lombangela
- Isicwangciso sokujonga isenzo somsebenzi (PDCA)
Inkqubo yoMephu
Naluphina umzamo wokuphucula oqhubekayo kufuneka uqale ngokuqonda okuchanekileyo kwinkqubo echongiweyo yokuphucula. Inkqubo inokuthi ibe nayiphi na inxalenye yeshishini lenkampani, kodwa kufuneka ikwazi ukwenza imephu ukuze ichonge ukuhamba kwemida eyenza inkqubo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwicandelo lokubonelela, inkqubo yoshishino ingaba ngumenzi wezinto ezigqibeleleyo, ukuthengwa kwempahla esuka kumthengisi, okanye inkonzo yento ethengiswa kubaxhasi . Imephu yeyiphi na le nkqubo iquka ukuchonga nokubhala ukuhamba komzimba kwakunye nokuhamba kweenkcukacha.
Inkqubo yeemephu iya kubonisa ngokugqithiseleyo ukuhamba kweprogram ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, eya kubandakanya imisebenzi, abasebenzi kunye neziphumo.
Inzuzo yokuba imephu yeprogram inikezela ukubonelela ukuphucula okuqhubekayo kukuba ichaza ubungakanani benkqubo, isiqhagamshelo kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kunye neyokuqala apho ukuphuculwa kunokulinganiswa khona.
Isiphumo sokuhlalutya
Uhlalutyo lwenjongo luyindlela apho ishishini liza kugqiba imbangela yeengxaki, isiganeko, okanye ukukhathazeka kwekhwalithi. Oku kufezwe ngamanyathelo amathathu, aqhubekele ekuboneni imbangela yezizathu:
- Uhlalutyo
- Ukuqokelela idatha
- Ukuqinisekiswa
Kukho izigaba ezintathu ezenza inkqubo yohlalutyo lwenjongo.
1. Vula isiGaba
Esi sigaba sokuqala sivumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bacacise umbandela ukufumanisa izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela. Kule nqanaba, iqela liyakwenza umzobo kunye nomzobo onokuba luncedo ngexesha leeseshoni zokwenza iingcinga.
Njengenxalenye yale nkqubo, iqela liyakwazi ukuchonga izizathu ezinokubangela enye yeenkalo ezintlanu ezidweliswe kwisizathu kunye nomzobo wesiphumo. Lezo zigaba zibangelwa ngabasebenzi, iindlela, izinto zokusebenza, oomatshini kunye nemilinganiselo. Iqela liyakwazi ukuququzelela iingcamango zabo ngeengcambu ezibangele ezo zigaba.
2. IsiGaba esisezantsi
Kule nqanaba, iqela liyanciphisa inani lezinto ezinokubangela iingcambu ezinokubakho kwinani elingajoliswa kuyo. Isizathu ngasinye sezona zizathu zengcambu ezichongiweyo kwisigaba esivakalayo zixutyushwa liqela ngokungakumbi ukujonga ukuba kufuneka zigcinwe.
3. IsiGaba esiValiweyo
Kulo nqanaba lokugqibela, iqela kufuneka lifike kwisivumelwaniso kwisisiseko esisisiseko. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukuqinisekiswa kwesizathu esisisiseko esisekelwe kubungqina, nokuba ngaba usebenzisa idatha elinganisekayo okanye ubungqina obungqina obuvela kubathintathelwano nabasebenzi, abathengi okanye abathengisi.
Uhlalutyo lweedatha ezinokulinganiswa lunokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesicatshulwa seprogram esatshatyalaliswayo, ukhangele amakhishithi ukuze uchonge umlinganiselo wesiganeko, okanye usebenzisa isatifiketi sePareto.
Cwangcisa-Hlola-Mthetho (PDCA) Umjikelo
Umjikelo we-PDCA uphuhliswe nguW. W. Edwards Demming, umakhi we-TQM. Wadala indlela elula yokwenza utshintsho. Umjikelo we-PDCA unemiqathango emine; cwangciso, yenza, khangela, kwaye wenze.
- Isicwangciso - Isigaba sokucwangcisa sisoloko siqala emva kokuba inkampani iqhutywe ngucalulo lwengcinezelo kwaye ichonge ingxaki okanye ingxaki efuna ukuyiqwalasela. I shishini liza kucwangcisa ukuba uphuculo kufuneka lufezekiswe njani.
- Ingaba - Ukulandela isigaba sokucwangcisa, ishishini liya kuqhubeka kunye neenguqu ezicetywayo ukwenzela ukujongana nombango ochongiweyo kwi-ingcambu yeengcambu. Oku kunokuba kulula njengoko kuthengwa isixhobo esitsha sendlela yokuvelisa, okanye ubunzima ezifana nokutshintsha indlela abathengisi abavavanywa ngayo.
- Hlola-Emva kokuba ishishini lilandele isicwangciso kwaye lenze utshintsho ekujonganeni nomba okanye ingxaki, isigaba sokukhangela kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho olwenziweyo lube neziphumo ezifunekayo. Ukuba isigaba sokukhangela asiqinisekisi ukuba loo mbandela isisombululo, ke ishishini liya kufuna ukuqala umjikelezo we-PDCA kwakhona kwisigaba sokucwangcisa nokuphuhlisa isicwangciso esitsha sokuphumeza iziphumo eziyimfuneko.
- Umthetho - Isigaba sokugqibela sexesha le-PDCA lifuna ukuba emva kokuba isigqibo siphendululwe, ishishini kufuneka libandakanye utshintsho kwimimiselo yazo yokusebenza kunye nokuba kuyimfuneko, uqalise utshintsho kwezinye iindawo zoshishino.