Ukugqiba xa iprojekti enkulu inengqiqo
Ezi projekthi zikhulu ziqala ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, oluchaza utyalo-mali lwangaphambili lweprojekthi kunye nokulandelelana kwemali yonyaka.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lubandakanya ukubala ukubonisa ixesha lokuhlawula eliqikelelweyo, ngokucinga ukuba iphrojekthi ivelisa ukuhamba kwemali ekulindeleke ngonyaka.
Iinkampani zihlala zidala izinto ezingaphezu kweyodwa, kunye neentlobo-mali zokuqala okanye ukuhlawula imali, ukukhetha imeko ebonakalayo ejongene nomngcipheko wabo kunye nezinye iimfuno zokuthatha iprojekthi.
Yiyiphi iprojekthi eyiNtloko?
Iprojekthi eyinkunzi idla ngokubhekiselele njengokuthenga okanye ukutyalo-mali kwi-asethi ehleliweyo leyo, ngokucacileyo, iya kuhlala ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Iiprojekthi zangoku zidlulileyo ngaphantsi komnyaka omnye, kwaye iinkampani zibonisa ezi ndleko njengeendleko kwingxelo yengeniso, kunokuba iindleko ezithatyathwe kwi-balance sheet.
Iiprojekthi ezinkulu zingabandakanya nayiphina iprojekthi enkulu, eyindleko enjengokuthengwa kwezixhobo zendibano entsha yendibano okanye ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokugcina elitsha. Iprojekthi nganye kufuneka ibonakaliswe ukuzihlawula ngokwayo ngelixa likhuphula imveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko okanye ukongeza ezinye iinkonzo zoshishino.
Ixesha lokuhlawula iBhajethi
Inkcazo yexesha lokuhlawula iinjongo zokuhlawula ibhajethi ngokuthe ngqo. Ixesha lokubuyisela limela inani leminyaka eliyithathayo ukuhlawula uphuhliso lokuqala lweprojekti eyinkunzi ukusuka ekuphumeni kwemali eyenziwa yiprojekthi.
Iprojekthi enkulu inokubandakanya ukuthenga isityalo esitsha okanye isakhiwo okanye ukuthenga isixhobo esitsha okanye esitsha.
Ininzi iifemu zibeka ixesha lokubuyisela ixesha lokuhlawula, umzekelo, iminyaka emithathu kuxhomekeke kwishishini labo. Ngamanye amagama, kulo mzekelo, ukuba ukuhlawula kungena ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu, iqumrhu liya kuthenga i-asethi okanye utyalomali kwiprojekthi. Ukuba ukuhlawulwa kwemali kuthatha iminyaka emine, bekungeke kwenzeke, kuba lidlula ijolisi yekhampani yexesha lokubuyisela iminyaka emithathu.
Ukubala ixesha lokuhlawula
Uninzi lwamashishini amancinci ukhetha ukubala okulula, okanye ukulinganisa, ngexesha lokubuyisela:
Ixesha lokuhlawula = (Utyalo-mali olufunwayo / i-Annual cash cash Inflow)
Ingeniso yemali yonyaka yenyuka yintoni oko utyalo-mali luvelisa ngemali ngamnye ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba lo utsalo-mali lube ngumtshini-mali otshintshwayo njengomatshini omtsha wokutshintsha umatshini ongapheliyo, ke ukunyuka kwemali yonyaka kuya kuba yintengo yokunyuka kwemali yonyaka.
Ukuhlawulwa kweprojekthi kwenzeka ngonyaka (kunye nenani leenyanga) ngaphambi kokuba ukuhamba kwemali kuguquke.
Umzekelo
Masithi unamashishini amabini kwindawo yokugcina. Umshishini Iindleko zee-20,000 zamawaka kwaye i-firm yakho ilindele ukuhlawulela kwisantya se-$ 5,000 ngonyaka. Umshini B ubiza i-12,000 ye-$ kwaye i-firm ikulindele ukuhlawula ngezinga elifanayo njengoMash A. A. Bala izi zimbini zilandelayo:
Umshini A = $ 20,000 / $ 5,000 = iminyaka emine
Umshini B = $ 12,000 / $ 5,000 = iminyaka engama-2.4
Kuzo zonke ezinye izinto ezilinganayo, iqumrhu liya kukhetha iMicrosoft B.
Ixesha lokubuyisela njengeNkunzi yeProjekthi yeCandelo loKhetho
Ikhefu lexesha lokubuyisela linokusilela. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ungeze kwimpilo yobume boomashishini ababini, unokufumana impendulo eyahlukileyo xa izixhobo zokusebenza eziphilayo zihluke kwiminyaka emininzi. Ngoko ke, ukungabikho kwintlawulo yokuhlawula kukuba ayikwazi ukubangela ubomi obubalulekileyo kwezixhobo okanye izityalo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya.
Mhlawumbi ukugxeka okubaluleke ngakumbi kwithuba lokuhlawula kukuba akuqwalaseleli ixesha lexabiso lemali . Iimali ezivela kwiprojekthi ejoliswe ukuba zifunyenwe kwiminyaka emibili ukuya kwe-10, okanye ngaphezulu, kwixesha elizayo, zifumane isisindo esifanayo njengoko ukuhamba kwemali kulindeleke ukuba kufumaneke ngonyaka.
Ngenxa yengozi yezoqoqosho ehambelana nokuhamba kwexesha lokufumana imali, ifomula inika umphumo osisiphumo ngakumbi kunokuba oko kuya kubonisa.
Ekugqibeleni, kodwa kungabi ncinane, ixesha lokubuyisela aliphatheli neprojekthi ngokungena kwemali engafanelekanga. Ukuba iprojekti inokungena kwemali engafanelekanga, ngoko i-payback period yindlela yokwenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olungenasiphelo ngaphandle kokuba uthathe isinyathelo somnatha wokusebenzisa isaphulelo se-cash flow.
Inzuzo enkulu yexesha lokubuyisela i-formula yiyo "yokukhawuleza neyongcolileyo" kubangela ukuba inikeze ulawulo oluthile uhlobo olulinganisiweyo malunga neprojekthi ekuhlawuleleni imali yokuqala. Ngaphandle kweendlela eziphambili ezikhoyo, ulawulo lunokukhetha ukuthembela kule ndlela eqinisekileyo neyinyaniso ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle.