I-P2P idibanisa ukuthengwa ngeentlawulo zeempahla
Ukuthenga ukuhlawula inkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-P2P, idibanisa ukuthengwa kunye neenkqubo ezipheleleyo zokunikezelwa kweenkampani ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokufumana irhafu, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwintlawulo ekhishwe kumthengisi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani ziye zakhangela ngenyameko ukuthenga kwazo ukuhlawula iinkqubo ukwenzela ukuba:
- Ukunciphisa ukuthengiswa jikelele kunye neendleko zokubala
- Ukukhulula imali efunekayo
- Ukuphucula ukusebenza komsebenzi
- Yenza izigqibo zezimali eziphuculweyo
Ukongezelela ekunciphiseni ukuthengiswa kweendleko kunye neendleko zokubala, ukuphucula ukuthenga ukuhlawula inkqubo kunokuncedisa ukubonakala okuvumela ukulawula ithuba lokunxibelelana kangcono nomthengisi malunga nokuba izinto zikhona kwinkqubo yokuhambisa, kunye nentlawulo kumthengisi.
Izinto ezithengiweyo zokuThengwa kweNtlawulo
Kukho iinkalo ezininzi kwiinkqubo zeP2P, elowo lubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yonke. Inkqubo iqalisa ngokukhangela izinto kwaye iphelela ngentlawulo kumthengisi okhethiweyo.
Ukutya
Inkqubo yeP2P iqala ngesebe lokuthenga elicelwa ngophando nophuhliso okanye isebe lemveliso ukufumana umthengisi into ethile okanye inkonzo. Isebe le-R & D linakho ukuvelisa inkcazo apho umthengisi kufuneka enze khona.
Kwezinye iziganeko, into leyo ingaba yinto emiselweyo yesitokethi efunekayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kwaye ingafuna kuphela isebe lokuthenga ukuba lifumane into esemgangathweni kwinto efanelekileyo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto okanye inkonzo efunekayo, isebe lokuthenga linokukhupha isicelo se-Quotation (RFQ) okanye sinokukhetha abathengisi abafanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kobudlelwane obudlulileyo.
Izivumelwano
Xa isebe lokuthenga likhethile umthengisi ofanelekileyo okanye abathengisi, kuya kuba nenkqubo yokuthengisa apho abathengisi kunye nesebe lokuthenga baya kuxoxisana nekhontrakthi esekelwe kwintengo, imirhumo yokuhlawula kunye neeshedyuli zokuhambisa.
Ukuthenga
Emva kokuba izityikethi zisayinwe phakathi kwenkampani kunye nomthengisi, ii-oda zokuthenga zingakhutshwa kwaye zithunyelwe kumthengisi. Ukuphucula ixesha lokuhambisa lezinto, inkampani inokuthumela umyalelo wokuthenga ngekhomputha kunokuthumela okanye ukuthumela ngefeksi.
Ngokuthumela umyalelo wokuthengwa kwekhompyutha, ulwazi lungafakwa ngqo kwi-computer yomthengisi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukubonakala, umthengisi kufuneka anike inkcazelo yenkqubela phambili yenkampani enjengokuhlaziywa kwemihla ehlaziyiweyo kunye namaxwebhu afana nesaziso sokuthunyelwa phambili (ASN).
Receipt
Ukulandela ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezivela kumthengisi, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuba ezo zinto zifike kumthengi . Ezi zinto ziya kuhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuninzi bufana ne-oda lokuthenga, kunye nokujonga izinto ezonakalisa umonakalo kunye nomgangatho.
Ukuba kukho nawuphi na umba kunye nezinto ezithe zafunyanwa, umthengi uya kwazisa umthengisi ukuze izinto zibuyiswe okanye isaphulelo senziwe.
Ukuthumela imali
Umthengisi angenza i-invoyisi kumthengi nanini na emva kokuba izinto zithunyelwe. Ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-electronics, inqubo ye-P2P inokuhlanjululwa ukuze ulwazi lufakwe kwi-akhawunti yomthengi.
Xa izinto zifunyenwe, zihambelana nxamnye ne-invoyisi kunye nokuthengwa komyalelo, ukuqaliswa kwe-invoyisi kungaqalisa.
UkuPhathwa kweevoyisi
Kwinkqubo ye-P2P, ukulungiswa kweevoyisi kufuneka kwenziwe ukwenzela ukuba nayiphi na izaphulelo ezinikezwa ngumthengisi zifumaneke. Kwintrakthi edibeneyo, umthengisi unako ukunikela ngezaphulelo zokuhlawula ezenziwe ngumthengi ngaphambi kokuba intlawulo ihlawulwe.
Ngokomzekelo, umthengisi anganikela isaphulelo sepesenti ezintlanu kwiintlawulo ezenziwe ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezilishumi emva kokufumana izinto.
Uhlalutyo
Njengengxenye yenkqubo ye-P2P, inkampani kufuneka ibe nefuthe ngokupheleleyo ekuthengeni kwayo. Ukubekwa esweni rhoqo kwenkcitho kuza kuchonga iinkalo ezinokuba yimbangela yokukhathazeka njengabathengisi bonyuka amaxabiso, okanye ukuchitha imali.
Inkqubo ye-P2P equka iinkqubo ezilungileyo ziyakwazi ukugcina iinkampani imali.
Oku kufuneka kufake imingcele kwizinto ezingathengwa ngaphandle kweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zeP2P.
Ngokuvumela ukuthenga okungagqibekanga, iziganeko zeendleko ezingadingekile zikhuphuke kunye nokuphoyisa ezo zinto zingathengisa izixhobo ezingasindiswa ukuba inkqubo efanelekileyo ye-P2P isetyenziswe.
Funda ngeZelle kwiP2P.
Eli nqaku liye lahlaziywa nguGary W. Marion, Logistics and Supply Chain Expert ye-Balance.