Ukwandisa ukusebenza nokunciphisa inkunkuma
Injongo yeJIT
Ukuhlawula i-inventory kwisiseko esifanelekileyo kuthetha ukuba inkampani ayinayo nayiphi na indawo yokukhusela , kwaye isebenza kunye namanqanaba okugcina aphantsi.
Esi sicwangciso sinceda iinkampani zinciphise iindleko zabo zokuthwala iimpahla , zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye zinciphise inkunkuma. I-JIT idinga ukuba abakhiqizi bachaneke ngokuchanekileyo kwimibandela yokufuna imveliso yabo.
Ulawulo lwe-inventory ngexesha elililo li-strategic planning cutting-cutting cutting management strategy, nangona linokukhokelela ekufuneni. Injongo yeJIT kukuphucula ukubuyela kweenkampani ngokutyalomali ngokunciphisa iindleko ezingabalulekanga.
Ezinye iinkqubo zokulawula iimpahla zokhuphiswano zikhoyo, kubandakanya ukuveliswa kwexesha elifutshane (SCM), ukuveliswa kokuqhubela phambili (CFM) kunye nokuveliswa kwemfuneko yokuhamba (DFM).
Inkqubo ye-JIT yokusungula ibonisa ukutshintshwa kwiqhinga elidala "nje-in-case", apho abavelisi bephethe izinto ezininzi zeempahla kunye nezinto eziluhlaza, xa befuna ukuvelisa iiyunithi ezingaphezulu ngenxa yemfuno ephezulu.
Imbali yeTechnique
Ubuchule bokulawula buvela eJapan kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa ngokuba yiToyota.
Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iinqanawa zaseJapan zazingabokuqala ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza le ndlela. Imvelaphi yayo ibonakala njengento emithathu: Ukungabikho kwemali emva kwezemfazwe yaseJapane, ukungabi nendawo yezinto ezinkulu zeevenktri kunye ne-inventory kunye nokuntuleka kwezinto eziphilayo zaseJapan. Ngaloo ndlela amaJapan "axhomekeke" kwiinkqubo zawo, kwaye iJIT yazalwa.
Iindaba malunga nenkqubo nempumelelo yeJIT / TPS yafikelela kumanxweme asentshona ngo-1977 kunye nokuphunyezwa e-US nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile ngo-1980.
Iinzuzo zeNkqubo
I-JIT inikezela ngeenzuzo ezifana nokuvumela abakhiqizi ukuba bagcine iimveliso ezifutshane, kwaye baqhubele phambili kwimveliso emitsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula xa kuyimfuneko. Iinkampani zisebenzisa i-JIT ayifuni ukugcina indawo enkulu yokugcina indawo yokugcina impahla. I-firm firm also does not need to spend a large amount of money on raw materials for production, kuba iyalula kuphela oko kuyifunayo, ekhupha ukuhamba kwemali kwezinye izinto.
Isicwangciso esisetyenziswayo kwiToyota
I-Toyota yathatha ukusebenzisa i-JIT yokulawula iimpahla kwiminyaka ye-1970 kwaye ithatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 ukufezekisa inkqubo yayo. I-Toyota ithumela imiyalelo yokuthenga izakhi zemveliso kuphela xa ithola i-oda emitsha evela kubaxumi.
Imveliso yeToyota kunye ne-JIT iya kuphumelela njengoko nje inkampani igcina izinga lokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwaye akukho tshintsho lomshini kwisityalo esingawugcina ukuvelisa. Ukongezelela, ifuna ababoneleli abathembekileyo abanokuhlala behambisa iinxalenye ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokukwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokuchanekileyo imashishini ehlanganisa izithuthi zayo.
Ingozi
I-inventory ye-JIT ingabangela ukuphazamiseka kwi- chain chain .
Kuthatha kuphela umthengisi omnye wezinto eziphathekayo ezinokuphazamiseka kwaye akakwazi ukuhambisa iimpahla ngexesha, ukuvala yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa yomenzi. Umyalelo wabathengi weempahla ezidlulayo kwizinto ezilindeleke ukuba zenzeke ngenkampani zingabangela ukuba ulwaphulelo lwezithuba lulibazise ukuhanjiswa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo kubo bonke abathengi.
Umzekelo Wokuphazamiseka
Ngomnyaka we-1997 umlilo owenziwe kwizityalo ezihlambulukileyo zenkampani ene-Aisin yabhubhisa amandla ayo okuvelisa i-P-valve ingxenye yezithuthi zeToyota. I-Aisin yayingumthengisi wedwa yecandelo leToyota, yaye inkampani kwafuneka ivalwe umveliso kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yezinga le-JIT yeToyota ye-inventory, yaphuma kwi-P-valve parts emva komhla omnye.
Umlilo kwi-nkampani eyona mthengisi kuphela yecandelo leToyota kunye nelokuba isityalo sasivaliwe iiveki kunokubangela ukuba kutshabalalise ukunikezelwa kweToyota.
Ngethamsanqa, omnye wabathengi bakwa-Aisin bekwazi ukubuyela kwi-retool kwaye baqale ukuvelisa i-P-valves eziyimfuneko emva kweentsuku ezimbini nje.
Nangona kunjalo, umlilo ubiza iToyota malunga neerandi eziyi-15 ezigidi zeenqwelo-mali ezilahlekileyo kunye neemoto ezingama-70,000. Ingxaki iqhubekele kwabanye ababoneleli ngeToyota ngokunjalo. Abanye abathengi baphoqelelwe ukuba bavale ngenxa yokuba umenzi wezithuthi ayifuni iimpahla zawo ukuze agqibezele nayiphi na imoto kumgca wendibano.