Izinzuzo zoMzekelo weComputer-Centered Model
Ngokomzekelo, ukhenketho kunye nokuvakalisa izibhengezo zenkcukacha kubudlelwane phakathi kweempawu zeentlobo zeentsapho kunye nokuthenga kokutya abazenzayo ngelixa besuka ekhaya. I-Foodservice iyimakethi efanelekileyo kwaye ikhupha imarike: inani lemali engqiqweni ukuba iintsapho zaseMerika zichithe ekudleni zikhuphuke zisuka kwi-25% yebhajethi yazo yokutya ibe ngama-50% kwiminyaka eqala ngo-1955 ukuya ngo-2006.
Ukuguqulwa kweMpilo yoBuchule boBuchule boBomi
Njengoko utshintsho ekubunjweni, isakhiwo kunye nokuhamba kwamalungu eentsapho zanamhlanje zenzekile, imodeli yokuphila kwentsapho efunekayo ukutshintsha kwi-konsathi. Njengokuba kuphuhliso lwabantu abathengiweyo beemarike , ukulungelelanisa ukukwahlula amaqela (imizi ye-FLC model) ngendlela ephakamisa ukuhluka phakathi kweqela. Khawuqwalasele oku: Abaphandi beemarike bawahlula inani leenqanaba ukusuka kwii-8 zokuqala (iBojanic, 1992) kwimodeli yokuphila kwintsapho (FLC).
Oku kwacaca ukuguqulwa okucacileyo kubazali abangabodwa, abasindileyo bodwa , kunye nabantwana abathandanayo abaneminyaka engabantwana , kwaye baphinde bahlaziywa bonke aba bathengi. Kwimizamo yabo yokunciphisa inkqubo yokwabela abathengi kwiindidi ezilula kakhulu , abaphandi benza i-amalgam engaqinisekiyo eyenza ezinye izinto ezichaphazelekayo zamaqela.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukungafani phakathi kwezibini ezisebudeni obuphakathi abangenazo abantwana kunye nabazali abangabodwa banokubaluleka kunokuba kufana ne "yabo-hood-hood" yabo.
Yintoni ekufuneka iCandelo lokuThengisa iMarike lifezekise?
Isixhobo sokwakheka kwamashishini ekujoliswe kuwo ekufuneka sisetyenziswe ngoshishino kufuneka sibangele ukuba kulandelelwe oku kulandelayo, kuboniswe apha njengeendlela eziphambili zokuthatha izigqibo zokukhetha kwezinye iindlela, kunye neziphumo ezinqwenelekayo zecandelo lentengiso :
- Ukwanda kwentengiso kunye nesabelo semarike
- Ukuququzelelwa kweentengiso zabathengi
- Izibonelelo ezinikezelweyo ezingenakuncediswa kunye nezibonelelo
- Ukuphuculwa komsebenzi
Uthelekiso lweendlela ezintathu zoPhando loPhando
Masithi umcwaningi weemarike unokugqiba ukuqhuba uphando olusesikweni ngokubhekiselele kwimodeko yokuphila kwentsapho yokuphila (FLC). Uphando lusetyenziswe ukuququzelela udidi lwamashishini ekujoliswe kuwo, kwaye isiseko esisezantsi kukuba iinqanaba zobomi bentsapho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziphambili ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwabaxhamli beentsapho. Zininzi iindlela zokuba zilungiswe kwaye ziqhube uphando . Inkqubo nganye yophando esetyenziselwa ukuchonga iingcamango zabathengi inesiseko sayo samandla kunye nobuthathaka. Ezi zintathu zezinye iindlela zihlolwe ngezantsi.
Umzekelo woMthengi-oyi-Centric Model - Umzekelo womthengi osebenzisa umgaqo-ntsapho wokujikeleza intsapho (FLC) kodwa ufaka indlela yokuphanda ngaphakathi kwimeko yamava okudlela.
Cinga ukuba uphando olwenziwa kwiindawo zokutya. Ithuba labaphathi beevenkile ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwaye baqwalasele ukuqokelela idatha kuthatha inyathelo lophando lophando kunye nokwandisa umdla wabathintekayo. Injongo ephambili-ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bayakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweminikelo yokutyela-ihambelana kakuhle kunye nokugxila kumava ekudleni. Isiseko somzekelo wamakhasimende esisiseko sisungulwe ngemigudu yephaneli yaseDelphi equkethe iindawo zokudlela zokuhlala, kungekhona abaphathi beevenkile.
Uphando lweqela eligxilwe kuyo - Iqela lokugxila kweqela elisetyenziswe kwezinye iindlela ezimbini ziquka iindleko eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokuchongwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba, amalungiselelo okuhamba, kunye nokumodareyitha kwengxoxo. Emva kokuba iqela leqela lokugxila ligqityiwe, abaphathi beevenkile bashiywe ngomsebenzi wokunxulumanisa uphando olwenziwe ngaphando nangaphakathi kwezikhalazo zabaxhasi.
Ukubandakanyeka kweentengiso kumthengi kunokuhlala ixesha elide kubathathi-nxaxheba-ukuba, ngokwenene, ezinye iindawo zokutyela zibonakala ziphakamileyo ngenxa yenkqubo yeqela - nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zokubandakanyeka kwamakhasimende zikhawulelana nabachaphazelekayo beqela . Ukuqonda okunzulu kwiingcamango zabathengi kunye nolwazi lokuthengisa kwamakhasimende luya kuba ziphumo eziqhelekileyo zalo ndlela.
I-Survey Survey - Eminye into emithathu ithatha ukuba ingqiqo inokuthotyelwa ngokwaneleyo kwiphononongo ehambelana neminqweno yezoshishino kuzo zonke iindawo zokutyela ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-survey. Ngegalelo elinamandla kwiivenkile zokutyela, uphando luya kuncika kwi-generic kwaye ingabonakali. Ukongezelela, ukugxilwa kolu cwaningo luya kunciphisa kakhulu ukufumaneka kweengcamango ezifanelekileyo. Iindleko zabiwe kuwo onke amashishini anceda ukuseka uphando kunye nokuyila le mibuzo , zombini iinkqubo ezinokubangela ukulungelelaniswa okubuthathaka kwamanqanaba athatha inxaxheba okanye ukudideka malunga nabaqhubi abaziintloko kwiziphumo zophando zamashishini ngamnye kwisicatshulwa sovavanyo iphelele. Njengamaqela ekugxilwe kuwo, abaphandi bashiywe ekuqaliseni indlela yokuhlalisana ngayo ngokuphandle ukufunyaniswa kuphando kunye naphakathi kwezikhalazo zabaxhasi.
Uphando olufakiwe luya kuba luyintloko kwi-Differentiation
Injongo yokwenza umntu ophuhlisayo kwicandelo lokuthengisa ithagethi kukujonga indlela abathengi abahlula ngayo imveliso okanye inkonzo. Ngamazwi kaKurt Lewin, isenzo senhlalakahle, njengento yesenzo, silawulwa ngumbono . Enye yezinyathelo ezibalulekileyo ekucwangcisweni kwamanyathelo kunye nokuphunyezwa kukuqulunqa isicwangciso sokufumana ukuthengwa kwabathintekayo .
Iimbono zabachaphazelekayo zinokulinganiswa kwi-valence efanelekileyo ukuba izicwangciso zezenzo ezicacileyo kunye nezicwangciso zomgaqo-mpahla ekuphunyezweni ziya kunikwa kwangethuba. Kwaye ulwalamano lunokuqiniswa ukuba abachaphazelekayo banokunika iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kwisicwangciso senkqubo njengoko kukhishwe. Nangona kukho izinto ezincinci zokwenza usebenze, isicwangciso senzobaluleka kakhulu. Ukwenza isigqibo kunye nokubeka esweni rhoqo kufuneka kufakwe kwisicwangciso senkqubo kunye nokuphunyezwa ukususela ekuqaleni (Adelman, 1993).
Imithombo:
Adelman, C. (1993). UKurt Lewin kunye nemvelaphi yophando lwezenzo. Uphando lweZenzo loPhando, 1 (1), 7-24.
Bojanic, DC (1992). Ukujongwa kwindlela yokuphila kwentsapho yangoku kunye nokuhamba kwamanye amazwe. Umbhalo woTyelelo kunye nokuThengiswa kweKhenketho, 1 (1), 61-80.