I-MIS, uPhando loPhando, kunye noPhando loMakethi: Bahluke njani?
Kukho nawuphi na uqeqesho, akuqhelekanga ukuba ube nesivumelwano esipheleleyo phakathi kwabasebenzi malunga ne praxis yabo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kokuthengisa akuyona nto ngaphandle kwaye kubonisa ukutyekela okufanayo kwintsimi engavumelani nempembelelo. Ukungavumelani okuqhelekileyo malunga nendlela yokwenza umsebenzi abathengisi nabathengisi abazenzayo. Amaziko angavumelaniyo kwiinkcazo zemigaqo yokuthengisa uphando kunye nophando lwemarike . Kukho ukungavumelani ngokubhekiselele kwi-taxonomy.
Kubalulekile ukujonga kuqala iinkcazo ezithile. ngumsebenzi okanye intsimi yomsebenzi obangela ukuthobela umgaqo othile wokuziphatha, umyalelo, ukuziphatha, okanye indawo yokusebenza. yindlela yokuhlela kunye nokwahlula iiyunithi ezibalulekileyo okanye iinkqubo ngokuqeqeshwa. ligama lesiLatin eliqhelekileyo lithetha ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa.
Praxis
I-intengiso yixesha le-ambulula ebhekiselele kuyo yonke imisebenzi echaphazelekayo ekudalweni, ukukhuthazwa, nokuhanjiswa kweentlobo ezilishumi zamashishini kubathengi nakwamashishini. Xa ukuthengiswa okubhekiselele ekubhekiselele kwimpahla kunye neenkonzo, uluhlu lwamashishini angathengiswa ngoku luquka imicimbi, amava, indawo, imibutho, iipropati, abantu, ulwazi kunye neengcamango.
Njengoko uyakubona, ukuthengiswa kuyisambulela enkulu kakhulu.
Taxonomy
Ngokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yokuthengisa, abasebenza kwintsimi bayakwazi ukuthetha ngokuthengisa ngeendlela ezibanceda baqonde. I-taxonomy idalwe ekwahlula imibono eyahlukileyo kwaye inika isicwangciso esifanayo kulwimi. Ngokomzekelo, i-taxonomy ebanzi ingahlela imisebenzi ekuthengiseni, uphando kunye nokuhlalutya, ukuthengiswa, kunye nokuthengwa kweendaba okanye ukupapasha.
Ukuthatha i-taxonomy kwisigaba esicacileyo, uthi, uphando kunye nokuhlalutya , kuya kufaka imisebenzi kwimisebenzi yophando, uphando lwemakethi , ukuchithwa kwedatha / ukuhlaziywa kwedatha.
Uphando lwemakethi
Uphando lweemarike iqokelelo oluchanekileyo kunye nokuchazwa kwedatha ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuhlalutya kunye neendlela ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwengqiqo ekuxhaseni ukwenza izigqibo. Uphando lwentengiso luyilo nawuphi na umsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo ophumela ekuhlanganisweni kolwazi malunga neemarike, ukhuphiswano kunye nabathengi.
UPhando loPhando
Uphando lwentengiso lubandakanya ukuqokelela injongo kunye nokutolika kwedatha ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuhlalutya kunye neendlela ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwengqiqo nolwazi malunga nokuthenga umthengi. Uphando lwentengiso luqokelela ulwazi malunga neendlela zokuthenga abathengi- ngamanye amagama, kutheni abathengi bathenga kunye nabathengayo. Uphando lwentengiso lenzelwe ukuhlalutya umkhankaso wokuthengisa okanye umkhankaso wokukhangisa, kwaye ukuchonga izicwangciso zeemeko zokurhweba ukuba ibhizinisi lijongene nalo.
Inkqubo yoLwazi lweNtengiso (MIS)
Ukuthengiswa ngempumelelo kunye nentengiso kufuneka ukuba kuqhutywe ulwazi oluhlelekile olufikelela kubantu abalungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Isakhiwo esitshoyo ukuququzelela le njongo sibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yenkcazelo yokuthengisa (MIS). Okubalulekileyo, inkqubo yolwazi lokumaketha iquka izixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukufezekisa umgca wokuncintisana ongekho nzima ukuba uphando oluphezulu lweemarike lufezekise. Izixhobo ze-MIS ziquka abantu, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo.
Sekunjalo, amashishini amaninzi angenalo ulwazi olunzulu. Amaninzi amaninzi, oku kungenxa yokuba isebe labo lophando linciphisa uxanduva lokuphanda ukuthengisa uhlalutyo, ukubikezela rhoqo, kunye nokuphanda ngezihlandlo. Oku kuyinyaniso ukuba amashishini anesebe lophando lwemarike okanye nje ngabantu abambalwa abanamakhono ophando abaye baxhomekeke kuye ngezikhathi ezithile. Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokungenawo inkqubo yolwazi lokuthengisa ngokuchanekileyo (MIS) ziquka:
- Ukungabi nolwazi malunga nolwazi olubalulekileyo olugcinwa kwinkampani
- Ukufumana ulwazi olunento encinci okanye engekho nto kwiyunithi yoshishino
- Ukufumana ulwazi olubalulekileyo, luncedo lunomva ukuza kulusebenzisa
- Ukungabaza ukuchaneka kolwazi olukhoyo okanye lufumaneka
Inkqubo yenkcazelo yokuthengisa (iMIS) inikwe imithombo emininzi: (a) Iirekhodi zoshishino zangaphakathi, imisebenzi eyenza ukuvelisa i- intelligence yolwazi , uphando lwemakethi kunye nohlalutya oluxhasa izigqibo zokuthengisa. Izenzo ze-MIS ngokuyinhloko ukuqokelela, ukuhlela, ukuhlalutya, ukuvavanya nokusabalalisa iinkcukacha zolwazi . Ulwazi, okanye iinkcukacha zophando lweemarike, kufuneka zifike ngexesha, zichanile, kwaye zifunwa ngabenzi bamagqibo abalulekileyo. Uphando lophando kunye nophando lweemarike zimbini iinkalo zenkqubo yolwazi lokuthengisa.