Indlela yoLungelo lokuPhatha iPhantshi kunye neNtsholongwane yamaLungelo eSiphathamandla saseMzantsi Afrika
Unengcamango enkulu, kodwa ngaba unayo ilungelo lobunikazi?
Kule nqaku, siza kujonga into enokubakho ilungelo lobunikazi kunye nento ongenayo ilungelo lobunikazi. Siza kujonga kwakhona utshintsho olutshanje kwimithetho ye-patent e-US, apho umbuzo malunga neliphi ilungelo lobunikazi liye lahlaziywa ngokuphawulekayo.
Yintoni i-Patent?
I- patent yindlela nje yokubamba ubunini bezinto ozifakile, kwaye ube nenkqubo yokugcina abanye ukuba bangabonakali. Amalungelo afanelekileyo afanelekileyo njengemithetho ebakhuselayo, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo ityala kufuneka uthabathe umntu enkundleni ukwenzela ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisa i-inventory yakho ukuze bazenzele imali.
E-US, imithetho ye-patent ilawulwa ngu-federal government, phantsi kwe-US Patent kunye ne-Ofisi yeMpawu yoRhwebo (USPTO).
Ziziphi iintlobo zezinto ezingenakukwazi ukuzenza?
I-USPTO imisele iintlobo ezintathu zeentlobo zamalungelo abenzi:
1. Ilungelo lobunikazi benkonzo lunikezelwa kumntu obangenayo okanye ofumene nayiphi na inkqubo entsha kunye nenomsebenzi, umatshini, inkcazelo yomsebenzi, okanye ukubunjwa kwimiba, okanye ukuphuculwa okutsha kunye nokunceda ;
2) Uyilo lobunikazi lunikezelwa kunoma ubani ovakalisa idizayini entsha, eyayimvelaphi, kunye neyembumbayo ngenqaku lokuvelisa; kwaye
3) Utsalane amalungelo omenzi anikezelwa kunoma ubani ozayo okanye ofumanisayo kwaye avelise ngokukhawuleza naluphi na uhlobo oluthile oluhlukileyo nolutsha lwesityalo.
Iimfuneko eziqhelekileyo zeMigqaliselo yokuPhepha
Qaphela ukuba kukho iziqinisekiso ezibini eziqhelekileyo zokuba into ethile ikwazi ukufumana ilungelo lobunikazi. A
- Kumele kube yintsha. Ingaba yintshintsho yento enye, kodwa kufuneka ihluke kwinto yokuqala. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu sele eselule i-wozzle encinci eluhlaza, awukwazi ukusungula enye ebomvu. Ahlukekanga kwaye ayinayo entsha ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibe ne-patentable. A
- Kufuneka luncedo . Unokuyilungisa i-wozzle entsha, kodwa ukuba le nto ayiyi kusetshenziselwa nayiphi na into, ayikwazi ukufumana ilungelo lobunikazi.
Awukwazi ukubonisa ilungelo lobunikazi ngaphandle kokuba ungabonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye oko kuyacaca ngokuhlukileyo nakweyiphi enye into eyake yabonwa okanye isetyenziswe.
Emininzi kwiintlobo zezinto eziqulunqwayo onokuzenza
Nazi iindidi zezixhobo onokuzenza ngazo, kunye nemizekelo:
Inkqubo okanye indlela, njengendlela entsha yokwenza into. Ngokomzekelo, i-patent yanikezelwa yinkampani eyakhe indlela entsha yokucoca iibhotile . Kwomnye umzekelo, i-Amazon i-patented "inqakrazo eyodwa" yokumisela inkqubo. Kukho ukuphikisana malunga nokuba iinkqubo zoshishino, njengenkqubo entsha yokubalwa kwemali, inokubakho ilungelo lobunikazi.
"Inqaku lokuvelisa" - into eyenziwe ngumshini okanye ngesandla. Inqaku lokuvelisa lithengiswa kubathengi (uhlobo olutsha lwesepha, umzekelo) okanye kumashishini (uhlobo olutsha lokukopisha). Ikwa kuthetha kwakhona icandelo lemveliso.
Uyilo, njengoyilo lomhlobo olutsha lwe mouse, luyakunelungelo lobunikazi. Uyilo, ngokutsho kwe-USPTO, luyilo "lwakhiwo olutsha nolungabonakaliyo lwendlela yokuqulunqwa kwinqaku yokuvelisa." Umvelisi weloyilo anganika iilayisensi kwabanye abaya kwenza imouse entsha.
Umzekelo woyilo lobunikazi unokuba yinkqubo entsha yekhompyutha.
Ukwenziwa komcimbi, umzekelo, umxube weekhemikhali okanye izithako, njengesiza esitsha.
Isityalo, oko kukuthi, into ekhulayo yokuvelisa okanye eyakhiwe ngokuzaliswa kwe-asexual; umzekelo, i-lily hybrid entsha.
Yintoni ongayi kuba nePatent?
I-USPTO ithi awukwazi ukwenza i-patent into ukuba:
- Sele ikhona okanye idayiswe . Ukuba ufuna ukwenza ilungelo lobunikazi, ungenzi kwaye ulithengise kuluntu phambi kokuba ufake ifayile yesicelo. Kukho nantoni na kule nto ukuba imveliso ichazwa "unyaka okanye ngaphantsi ngaphambi komhla wokufaka usebenze ngokufanelekileyo," kodwa ungayithembeli kuyo. A
- Kwaye "kungenjalo kufumaneka kuluntu," okubandakanya ukukubonisa kwimbonakalo okanye ekuboniseni, okanye ukuthetha ngayo kwintetho yeentetho, ividiyo okanye iwebhusayithi. Musa ukuhamba phambi kwakho; kuqala, uze uthethe ngawo. A
- Kwakuse-patented. Ubungqina bokuba unelungelo lobunikazi bento ethile, Ukuba kukho isicelo esiphezulu se-patent esasifakwe omnye umvelisi phambi kwakho, ungekho inhlanhla.
Ngubani ongayifaka isicelo se-Patent?
Oku kungathi ngathi ngumbuzo olula, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuba kuvele. Ngaphezulu kwembali ye-US, imithetho ye-patent ishintshile ukuqhubeka kunye namaxesha atshintshayo. Utshintsho olusandul 'utsha lube nguMthetho Wokumenywa KweMelika (ngo-2011), ngakumbi iindawo zoMthetho ezenziwe ngo-2013.
Inxalenye ka-2013 yomthetho omtsha we-patent unemigangatho emitsha yokuba ngubani oza kufaka i-patent. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakungumntu wokuqala ukuvelisa into entsha kunye eyincedo. Ngoku, ngumntu wokuqala ukufaka i-patent .
Masithi abantu ababini basebenza ngokufanayo ngokuzimela. Kunzima ukwazi ukuba ubani "owaqulunqa" le nto kwaye xa le nto yenzelwe. Amagqwetha - axabisa kwaye adele - ngamanye amaxesha yindlela ephela yokuhlenga umntu owaqala ukuyila. Ngoko, umthetho watshintshwa ukuba unike ilungelo lomenzi kumntu wokuqala osebenzayo.
Ekubeni "okokuqala ukuyifakela" inxalenye yomthetho wenziwa ngempumelelo ngo-2013, bekungekho ukungavumelani malunga nokuba ihambelana neenkampani ezinkulu kumashishini amancinci. Inkampani enkulu inomnyango omkhulu wezomthetho kwaye inokufakela i-patent kwaye yamkele ngokukhawuleza. Umnini omncinci wezoshishino ubonakala engenakulungeleka kwinkqubo yokufaka.
I-American Invents Act iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaye izele imixholo kunye nolwimi olunzima. Ewe, unako ukufaka isicelo sakho sephepha lobunikazi, kodwa unokufuna ukuqesha ummeli we-patent ukukunceda. Njengokuba kunjalo, igama elingcono kulo myalelo omtsha welungelo lomenzi wentsholongwane lingaba "Umsebenzi ogcweleyo wabameli beelungelo lobunikazi."