1. UkuCalulelwa kweNgqesho kunye nokuCima okuPhosayo
Amacala amaninzi afakwe kumashishini axhomekeke kwiimangalo zecalulo , ukuxhatshazwa, ukubuyisela, okanye ukupheliswa kokungafanelekanga.
Uninzi lwabasebenzi lukhuselwe kule miqathango ngemithetho yokulwa nocalulo lwasemthethweni. Ezinye zezinto eziphambili zilandelayo:
- Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo oLuntu. Iibhasi zabaqeshi ekucaluleni abasebenzi ngokusekelwe kwisini, ubuhlanga, unqulo, umbala, okanye umvelaphi wesizwe.
- UmThetho wokuNyulwa koTywala. Ithintela abaqashi ukuba bachase umfazi ngenxa yokukhulelwa okanye imeko ehambelana nayo.
- Umthetho olinganayo wokuhlawula. Kudinga ukuba abaqeshi bahlawule amadoda kunye nabasetyhini umvuzo ofanayo xa benza umsebenzi olinganayo kwindawo efanayo yomsebenzi.
- Ubandlululo lobudala kuMthetho wezeNgqesho. Inqanda abaqeshi ekucaluleni abaqeshwa abaneminyaka engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yabo.
- Isihloko I soMthetho wama-American abakhubazekileyo (ADA). Inqanda ukucwaswa kwabasebenzi abafanelekileyo abakhubazekileyo.
Amaqela amaninzi ayenze imithetho yawo yokulwa nokuchasana nokukhusela abasebenzi. Khumbula ukuba imithetho karhulumente kunye nemimiselo iyasebenza kubafakizicelo emsebenzini kunye nabasebenzi .
I sigama
Ukuzikhusela kwiimpahla ezinxulumene nomsebenzi, abaqeshi kufuneka baqonde ezinye iingqiqo ezisisiseko. Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokuziphindezela kuyintlobo yocalulo. Umthetho we-Federal uchaza ukuhlukunyezwa njengento engathandekiyo ngokusekelwe kubuhlanga, umbala, inkolo, isondo (kuquka ukukhulelwa), umvelaphi wesizwe, ubudala, ukukhubazeka okanye ulwazi lofuzo.
Kwibango lokuhlukunyezwa, ummangalelwa usoloko ungumphathi okanye osebenza kunye naye. Ummangali uthi uyabhaxisa umqeshi, kodwa umqeshi wehlulekile ukuwuyeka.
Ukubuyisela kuthetha ukutshaya, ukukhunjulwa, ukuxhatshazwa, okanye isenzo esifanayo esenziwa ngumqeshi ukuba ajezise umqeshwa oye wafaka isikhalazo sokuchaswa okanye isigwebo. Ngokomzekelo, umqeshwa ufayile isikhalazo sokucalula kwaye uyasuswa ngumqeshi. Umqeshwa ubeka umqeshi, echaza ukuba ukudubula kwenzeka ngokuphindisela kwesikhalazo sokucalula.
Ukupheliswa okungafanelekanga kuthetha ukudubula umqeshwa ngokuphula umthetho. Amaninzi amanqamlezo okugqitywa ngokuchanekileyo kumqeshi asekelwe kwiimangalo zecalulo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi oneminyaka engama-50 ubudala unqanyulwa. Emva koko ummangalela umqeshi wakhe ngokupheliswa kokungalunganga, echaza ukuba uphonswe kuphela ngenxa yobudala bakhe.
Amashishini amancinci athathaka
Amashishini amancinci angasengozini kakhulu kumacala anxulumene nomsebenzi kunokuba abanini bawo banokucinga. Amashishini amaninzi amancinci aqeshi uqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Ukuba umnini-shishini akathathi amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkampani ihambelana nemithetho yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nombuso, izigwebo zingabangela.
Izibango ezibhekiselele kucalucalulo kunye nezinye izenzo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi zingahlawulwa ngaphantsi komgaqo- nkqubo wempatho yomsebenzi (EPL).
2. Ulwahlulo lweeNkalo ezingekelwe kwiNgqesho
Xa amashishini axhatyathwa ngokucaluli, abamangaleli abahlali basebenzi . Izibopho zingeniswa ngabaxhasi, ababoneleli, izigulane, abathengisi kunye nabanye abantu abanxulumene nezo shishino.
Ngokomzekelo, umthengi uthatha indawo yokutyela ngokucaluli esekelwe kwimvelaphi yesizwe. I-suit suit ithetha ukuba abasebenzi abalindileyo babethetha ngokugculela ngelizwe lakubo waza benqaba ukumkhonza. Eminye imigaqo-nkqubo ye-EPL igxininisa amabango okubandlululwa afakwe ngabantu abangabasebenzi.
3. Ulwaphulo lomThetho wemivuzo
Amatyala amaninzi atyhalwa ngabaqeshi asekelwe kwiingxelo zokuthi umqeshi waphule umthetho we-federal, urhulumente okanye umvuzo wendawo.
Le mithetho ibambisana ngokubizwa ngokuba yimithetho yeholide kunye neyure .
UMthetho WezeMigangatho Wezabasebenzi (Federal Labor Standards Act) (FLSA) ubeka umvuzo omncinci womgaqo-federal. Ikwalawula kwakhona umsebenzi wabantwana, ukugcinwa kwerekhodi, kunye nokuhlawulwa kwexesha elingaphezulu. I-FLSA idala iindidi ezimbini zabasebenzi, ukuxolelwa kunye nokungahlawulwanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abasebenzi abanelungelo lokungahlawulwanga banelungelo lokuhlawulwa kwexesha elingaphezu kwexesha xa abasebenzi abangabikho phantsi. Amaninzi amaninzi kunye noomasipala baye benza imithetho yabo ngokumalunga nomvuzo kunye nokuhlawulwa kwexesha elide.
Iingxowa zemivuzo kunye neyure zidla ngokusekelwe kumabango ukuba umqeshi wehlulekile ukuhlawula umvuzo omncinci okanye ukuhlawula ixesha elide. Abasebenzi banokuphikisana nokuba umqeshi ugweme ukuhlawula ixesha elide ngokuzigxotha njengezivumelwano ezizimeleyo . Izibophelelo ezisekelwe kuphela kwiimangalo zokuphulwa komthetho kunye neyure ziyakuthi zenziwe nge-inshorensi. Iimpahla ezinjalo azihlanganiswa nemigaqo-nkqubo yobuninzi, kwaye ingabandakanywa ngokukhethekileyo phantsi kweenkqubo ezininzi zengqesho kunye nabaqondisi kunye namagosa enoxanduva .
4. Iintengiso
Izikhwama ezininzi ezifakwe kumashishini ngamaqela esithathu zisekelwe kwiziphathamandla . Iphutha kukuphula umthetho amalungelo omntu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeetyala ezingakhokelela kumacala okulwa namashishini: ukungahambi ngokungazenzisiyo (ukunganaki) kunye neenjongo zokuzikhethela.
Ukunganakwa okwenziwa ngumnini-shishini okanye umqeshwa kungabangela ingozi eyonakalisa umntu okanye eyonakalisa ipropati yomntu. Ibutho elenzakalisayo lingamangalela ishishini okanye umqeshwa ngokulimala komzimba okanye umonakalo wepropati . Iinjongo ezinjengeentambo zokubanjwa kwamanga kunye nokukhutshwa okungafanelekanga kungavelisa izibophelelo kumashishini. Amabango ngokubhekiselele kwishishini ngenxa yokulimala komzimba okanye umonakalo wepropathi ungagqitywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokuzibophelela . Iimangalo ezisekelwe kwiintlobo ezithile zeengxelo ezizimeleyo nazo zixutywa yimigaqo-mboleko phantsi kwesikhokelo somntu siqu kunye nentengiso .
5. Ukwaphulwa kweKontrakthi
Eqhelekileyo kunye namashishini afanelekile ngokubhekiselele kokuphulwa kwemvumelwano. Umnini-shishini uphula isivumelwano xa ehluleka ukuthobela imiqathango yayo. Umzekelo, u-Edwards Electric, umakontrakta kagesi, usayine isivumelwano kunye nabakhi beBhasi, i-kontrakta jikelele. Kwimvumelwano, u-Edwards Electric uyavuma ukufaka ukukhanyisa kwisakhiwo esakhiwa ngabakhi abasebenzayo. U-Edwards akaze enze nantoni na umsebenzi kule projekthi, ngoko ke u-Busy ubeka i-subcontractor ngokuchaneka kwesivumelwano.
Uninzi lwamabango asekelwe kuphela ekuphulwa kwekhontrakthi ayinakunyulwa yimigaqo-mfanelo. Kule mzekelo, Abakhi boBuqili bangakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokwabo ukungaphumeleli kwe-subcontractor ukwenza ngokufuna i-Edwards ukuba ithenge ukubophelela.