Ziziphi iingcaphephe eziphambili ezithethayo malunga ne-crowdfunding
I-Crowdfunding, kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo, isengumcimbi omtsha. Abasomashishini, abaxhasi, kunye nabatyalomali baqala ukukhulula ngokusebenzisa iiplati ze-crowdfunding.
Kodwa asizange sitshitshise ubuso ekuqondeni ukuba iiplanga ezithintekayo ziza kutshintsha njani imali yezoqoqosho kunye nokutyalomali. Uluhlu olulandelayo luhlanganiswa nolunye uphando oluchaphazelekayo lwenziwa kwinqanaba lezemfundo kwi-crowdfunding.
01 - Iintshukumo zengxowa-mboleko: uphando lokuhlola
Ebhalwa nguEthan Mollick, uprofesa kwiSikolo seWharton saseYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, eli phepha lihlola iiprojekthi ezingama-48 500 eziphakamisa i-$ 237M ezidibeneyo.
U-Mollick uzama ukuchonga oko kwenza ukuba uphumelele iikhankaso ze-crowdfunding kunye nokuba i-geographie ekwabelwana ngayo kunye namanethiwekhi athile edlala.
Kuqondwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba iimveliso ezixhamliweyo zihanjiswe ngokukhawuleza kubaxhasi - ezininzi zophando zivela kweli phepha.
I-Crowdfunding ivumela abasunguli be-profit-benefit, ezobugcisa kunye neenkcubeko zentsebenziswano ukuxhasa iinjongo zabo ngokukrazula ngeminikelo emancinci evela kwinani elikhulu labantu abasebenzisa intanethi, ngaphandle kwabahlawuli bezimali abaqhelekileyo.
02 - 2013 Ingxelo yeCrowdfunding Industry (Crowdsourcing.org)
Ingxelo epheleleyo yephepha eli-100 ibiza i-495 yeeRandi kodwa enye yeeprojekthi eziphandle kakhulu zophando kwindalo kunye nemvelo yoshishino lonke le-crowdfunding.
Ekhutshwe ngokuhlaziywa kwemali, i-Massolution, le ngxelo iqikelela ukuba iipolatifti zezixuku ziphakanyisiwe phantse iiligidi ezi-3 ezigidigidi (iminyaka engama-81% kunyaka kunyuka ngonyaka ka-2012 kwaye ngo-2013 kufuneka ilandele i-$ 5.1 billion kwiindleko ze-crowdfunding).
03 - I-Crowdfunding: Ukuthabatha isihlwele esilungileyo
Leli phepha lixhomekeka kwiinjongo zabathengisi beemfuno zabasebenzi, ukuphendula umbuzo othi kungani bakhetha i-crowdfunding ngaphezu kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zezimali kunye nokuba ngaba bakhetha umbandela we-"pre-finance" yabo ukuphuhliswa kwemveliso okanye "ukwabelana ngenzuzo" - 2 iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubambisa abantu.
Iphepha lezemfundo, ngabaphandi abayi-3 kwi-Université Lille Nord de France, linikeza isakhelo "sobunzulu bokubakho kwamaphulo afunyanisiweyo, impembelelo yeemfuno ezinkulu, uhlobo lomkhiqizo kunye nobukhulu bemakethe, kunye nesidingo sokwakha 'ilungelo' abantu abanomdla.
Izigqibo zethu zineempembelelo kwizigqibo zolawulo kwixesha lokuqala lokuphuhlisa amafemu, xa usomashishini kufuneka adle uluntu lwabantu abamele asebenze naye.
04 - I-Crowdfunding: Ukuchithwa kwe-Investment Banking
IYunivesithi kaMcGill kaBrian Rubinton ukholelwa ukuba abantu abaxhamlayo bangakwazi ukuvelisa umsebenzi wokufana nokushishino lwebhanki yanamhlanje.
Njengoko iimarike zokulingana ziguqukile ngoko ke kufuneka iimarike ezinkulu zizo zonke iimo kunye nobukhulu. I-Arhente yezoRhwebo kunye noTyalo-mali isebenzayo kwiinkqubo ezingapheliyo, kwaye, zihlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho apho zingashenxisa amanye amashishini ukuba enze ithuba lokuziphendukela kwazo15.
05 - Ukhuphelwa Isihlwele? I-Crowdfunding, i-VC, kunye ne-Entrepreneurs
Elinye iphepha elivela ePenn's Mollick, eli lijongene nokufana phakathi kwabantu abanenkxaso yokuxhaswa kwezixuku kunye neengxowa-mali. Iimpawu ezifanayo ezisetyenziswe yi-VCs njengezalathisi zokuqala zokuqala nazo zisetyenziselwa ngabantu abaninzi.
Iiprojekthi zekhwalithi ephakamileyo zikhanga abaxhasi abangakhuthaza iprojekthi kwabanye abaxhasayo, okanye ngaphandle kweendaba, ngoko kwandisa umdwebo weprojekthi.
06 - Masibuthe ndawonye: izibhengezo zee-crowdfunding zizisa iibhaksi (Deloitte)
U-Deloitte uxela ukuba iifowuni ezixhasayo ziza kuphakamisa i-$ 3 yezigidigidi ngo-2013, kabini inani le-2011.
Le ngqungquthela yophando, eveliswe yi-firm consulting firm, uDeitte, ihlola iindidi ezi- 4 eziphambili ze-crowdfunding , inquma ukuqikelela ukukhula kwexesha elifutshane, kwaye ikhangele ukuba iziphi izihlwele ezinokubonakala ngathi zininzi kwiminyaka embalwa.
07 - U-US u-UC Berkeley u-U. Berkeley
Ikholeji yobunjineli kwi-UC Berkeley Programme ye-Innovation kwi-Entrepreneural and Social Finance isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana uqikelelo kwiimarike ze-crowdfunding. Ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-$ 184M ukuya kwi-1.59B ye-$ 1.59B, i-industry-crowdfunding industry isilungele ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba ityala lexesha elizayo kunye nemarike yokulingana kwakuyi-1% ye-investing angel - ngokuhamba okanye ukuxhaswa kwemali-shishini entsha-imarike yase-US yayiza kuba yi-184M.
08 - Qalisa unzima okanye uhambe ekhaya: Ukuqikelela ukuphumelela kweeNkampu zeKickstarter [pdf]
UVincent Etter ngumfundi waseSwitzerland oye wafunda i-crowdfunding njengenxalenye yophando lwakhe kwi-PhD yakhe. Wapapasha iziphumo zakhe kwiphepha Ukuqalisa i-Hard okanye i-Ikhaya lasekhaya: Ukuqikelela ukuphumelela kweeNkampu ze-Kickstarter (pdf) . Ezi ziphumo zifumene ikhaya kwiConkick, isixhobo esichazela impumelelo.
Ngokukodwa, u-Etter wathola izinto ezi-3 eziyiluncedo ekuqikeleleni impumelelo yenkampu yeKickstarter enikeziweyo:
- isixa semali esithembisa ixesha elide
- iifayile eziqulethe ikhonkco
- abaxhasi kunye nolwalamano lwabo nomnye
09 - Iimodeli ze-Crowdfunding: Gcina-konke-Nxamnye nayo yonke-okanye-Akukho
Imikhankaso yokuxhaswa kwabantu abaxhamliweyo ixhaswa ngamanye amanqaku: "Gcina yonke into" (i-KIA) apho iqumrhu loshishino libeka iinjongo zokuxhasa imali kwaye igcina yonke imali ephakanyisiweyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ingahambelani nomgomo wayo okanye " Yonke-okanye-Akukho-nto "(AON) apho iqumrhu loshishino libeka iinjongo zokuxhasa imali kwaye alondolozi nto ngaphandle kokuba iinjongo zifezekiswe.
Leli phepha elinomdla elivela kubaphandi eYunivesithi yaseYork lijongene nemilinganiselo yeempumelelo zeemodeli ezimbini. Kukho ophumeleleyo ophumelelayo ...
I-10 - Ubuchule bezesini kwiCrowdfunding
Zimbalwa izicwangciso zenkxaso-mali zibonakala zikholisa abafazi. Abasomabhizinisi basetyhini bafumana i-19 ekhulwini kuphela yeengxowa-mali zeengelosi kunye neepesenti ezithandathu ze-capital venture, okwenza kube nzima ngabafazi ukuba bakhe iikhampani ezingakwazi ukuphumelela nokuphumelela.
Abaphandi abayi-3 bajonga ulwazi lwezesini oluhambelana nemikhankaso yokuxhamla abantu kunye nokuphuma kwabasetyhini banokulula ixesha lokunyusa imali nge-crowdfunding.
11 - Uhlalutyo lweZakhiwo zoKhuthazo kuQoqosho loQoqosho
Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yePurdue bahlola indlela izakhiwo ezikhuthaza ngayo abantu kwi-crowdfunding ( imivuzo ) zichaphazela umdla wabantu kunye nesishukumisela ekunikeni igalelo kwiiprojekthi ezithile.
12 - Emva kwePhulo: Iziphumo zeCrowdfunding
Yintoni eyenzekayo kwinkampani emva komkhankaso ophumelelayo wabantu? Olu pho nonongo lujonga.
Ipesenti ephakamileyo kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-90%) yeeprojekthi eziphumeleleyo zaqhubeka ziqhuba iminyaka emine-1-4 emva komkhankaso wazo. Sifumene ukuba i-32% yazo zonke ezi zivakaliswe ngemali engama-100,000 ngonyaka ngonyaka weeKickstarter, kwaye yongeza inani labaqeshwa abangu-2.2 ngeprojekthi ephumeleleyo. Uphando lwaphinda lucebise ukuba i-crowdfunding yanikezela ezininzi iingeniso ezinokuba ngaphaya kwemali eninzi.