Uluphi ulwahlulo phakathi koMnini-nxaxheba kunye noMgcinisi-mali?
Abanini-nxaxheba nabanini-zimpahla zizinto ezifanayo.
Bobabini bachaza umntu onayo izabelo zesitishi kwishishini. Ngoko, ukubamba amasheya kunye nokugcinwa kwesitotho kuthetha okufanayo. Ngenjongo yale nqaku, siya kusebenzisa igama elithi "abanini-nxaxheba."
Abanikazi bamasheya ngabanye, iinkampani, okanye amathemba, anesabelo se-corporation. Abantu ngabanye inani elithile lezabelo, abo bathengwa nganye ngentengo ethile.
Abanini-zimpahla batyala imali yabo ukuthenga ezi zabelo kwaye bafumana iindlela ezimbini:
- Ngezahlulo ezihlawulwe ngokusekelwe kwinani labelo elibanjwe ngumnini-mali, kwaye ngenxa yeenzuzo zenkampani, kunye
- Ngokuthengisa amasheya abo kwinzuzo.
Abanikazi Bamasango kwiiNkampani zoLuntu kunye namaCandelo aHlengiweyo
Uninzi lweenkampani ezincinci zigcinwe ngokuthe ngqo . Okokuthi, banesabelo sabambalwa, abaninzi babo bayazana kunye namaxesha amaninzi abo banini-nxaxheba bavela kwintsapho efanayo okanye banobunye ubudlelwane okanye ubudlelwane babo.
Kwinkampani ebanjwe esidlangalaleni, kukho izigidi zabanini-zimali. kunye nezigidi zezabelo ezigcinwe. Abanikazi abanini ngabanye abanakho ukubandakanyeka ngqo nenkampani, ngaphandle kokuvota izabelo zabo kwimibandela ephakanyiswe kwintlanganiso yonyaka.
Omnye umahluko phakathi koluntu kunye neenkampani ezizimeleyo okanye ezizimeleyo ngumgaqo.
Iqumrhu likarhulumente lilawulwa yiKomishoni yezoThutho kunye noTshintsho (ISibini), kodwa akukho miselo yangaphandle yezabelo kwiinkampani ezizimeleyo.
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa iiSahluko sehla
Ukuba ngumnini-shareholder kuthetha ukuthatha uhambo njengoko i-stock yenkampani ikhuphuka iphantsi. Umnini-shareholder kumnini-shareholder ogcinwe esidlangalaleni angathengisa ezinye okanye zonke izabelo, nokuba yeyiphi na intengo yemarike ngexesha. Ukuba izabelo zigcinwe esidlangalaleni, kulula ukucacisa intengo yesabelo. Kodwa, kwinkampani ebambiseneyo, akukho mveliso ekulungele ukwabelana, ngakho ke akunakwenzeka ukugqiba ixabiso okanye ukuthengisa amashishini komnye umntu.
Abaniki-mali kunye neNtlanganiso Yonyaka
Enye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu malunga nokuba ngumnini-shareholder wenkampani kukuba unelungelo lokuya kwiintlanganiso zonyaka. Nangona unesabelo esisodwa kwinkampani, unokuya kule ntla nganiso. Mhlawumbi intlanganiso yonyaka yenkampani eyaziwayo iqhutywe nguBerkshire Hathaway, onguhlalo wakhe, uWarren Buffett, uneseshoni esithandekayo nesinomdla minyaka yonke.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabanini-mali
Iinkampani ezinkulu zinemihlathi eyahlukeneyo yabanini-nxaxheba kunye neentlobo zeesitokisi abanabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-corporation iya kuqalisa nge-stock efanayo.
Abanikazi abanamalungelo abaphethe isithuthi esifanayo banamalungelo okuvota (ivoti enye ngesabelo ngasinye), bafumana izabelo xa iqumrhu libahlawulela, kwaye banokuthengisa izabelo zabo ngenzuzo (okanye ilahleko). Abanini-zimashishini abasemagunyeni abasemagunyeni bafumana inzuzo enkulu kuba banokulahlekelwa utyalo-mali.
Ezinye iikhampani nazo zikhethiweyo zikhefu kunye nabanini-nxaxheba. Izahlulo mazihlawulwe kulaba bantu abanini-zimali phambi kokuba zihlawulwe kubanikazi bamasheya abaqhelekileyo, kodwa aba banini-mali abanamalungelo okuvota. Izabelo ezikhethiweyo zifana ne-hybrid, ezineempawu zombini kunye nezibophelelo.
Abaphi Abanikezeli Abanikwayo kuLawulo?
Umnini-shareholder ulawula umdla kwinkampani ukuba umnini-mali unesininzi sezabelo zokuvota kweso sakhiwo. Ukuba nokulawula umdla kuthetha ukuba umnini wezabelo ezilawulayo unokulawula nayiphi na isigqibo esenziwe ngababambiseneli kwaye angaphezu kweminye imibono yabanini-zimvo okanye iivoti.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho ye-corporation, inzala yesibini kwisithathu ingafuneka ukuba idlulise nayiphi na inkqubela. Kule meko, ukulawula umdla kuya kuba ngamaphesenti angama-34 wamavoti (ukukhusela ivoti ebini kwisithathu nawuphi na umntu okanye iqela).
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabatyalomali kwiCandelo
Ukongeza kwizabelo zabanye abanini-masabelo, kukho abanye abathathi inxaxheba kwimpumelelo yenkampani. Olu luhlobo oluthile lotyalo-mali luqulethwe ngabanini-bhanki, ngubani na onikwe i-corporation imali.
Ezi zimbini iintlobo zotyalo-mali zi:
- Ubulungisa (ubunikazi) abatyala-mali, abanesabelo kwiinkampani, kunye
- Abatyalomali abatyala, abathengisa izibophelelo zenkampani, ezihlawulela ukubuyiswa okusisigxina kutyalo-mali.
Abanini-nxaxheba kunye neentlawulo ezimbini
Kwiminyaka bekukho ingxoxo malunga nokungafanelekanga kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba "ukuhlawula kabini " kubanikazi abanini-zimashishini. Ngokufutshane, ukuhlawula kabini, njengoko kuhlawulwe yi-IRS, kuqala yerhafu kwimali ye-corporation, ngoko ke irhafu yile ntlawulo ihanjiswa kubanini-nxaxheba njengezabelo .
Ukuba iqumrhu ligqiba ukungahlawuli igalelo, kwaye kunoko libuyisela inzuzo yenkampani ekukhuleni (oku kuthiwa yi- earnings retained ), akukho zihlawulelo zihlawulelwa, kwaye akukho ntlawulo kwizo ntlawulo.
Abanini-nxaxheba kwiinkampani ezincinci, ezigcinwe ngokukhawuleza azifumani izabelo. Uninzi lwaba bantu basebenza kwinkampani njengabasebenzi, kwaye bahlawula irhafu kwingeniso yabo yengqesho.
Abanikazi Bamasheya kwiNgxowa-mali
Amalungelo wabanikazi bamashishini athatyathwa phantsi (afakwe phantsi) kwamalungelo wabanikazi bamabhondi ukwenzela ukuba abanini-mali balahlekelwe ixabiso lezabelo zabo ukuba i-corporation iya kubhoxiswa. Abanini-nxaxheba banokulahlekelwa ezinye okanye zonke ixabiso lezabelo zabo ukuba ixabiso lesitoko liphantsi xa bathengisa ngaphezu kwexabiso xa bathenga.