Ingqungquthela yoLawulo lweNkunkuma eQinisekile

Indlela edibeneyo efunekayo yoPhuculo oluPhumeleleyo kunye nokuSebenza

Ngaphambi kokungenisa ukulawulwa kwenkunkuma eyiyo, makhe siqale ngengxoxo yezinto eziphathekayo-inkunkuma eyomeleleyo. Imfucuza eqinileyo ibhekisela kuluhlu lwemfucuza ephuma kwizilwanyana kunye nemisebenzi yabantu elahliwe njengento engafunekiyo kwaye engenamsebenzi. Imfucuza eqinileyo ivela kwimveliso yoshishino, indawo yokuhlala kunye nezoshishino kwindawo ethile, kwaye inokuphathwa ngendlela ezahlukeneyo .

Ngaloo ndlela, iifomflethi zihlanjululwa njengezocwangco, zikamasipala, ukwakhiwa nokubhujiswa okanye iindawo zokungcola kwindalo. Inkunkuma ingabalwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto eziphathekayo, ezifana neplastiki, iphepha, iglasi, isinyithi kunye nenkunkuma engcolileyo. Ukwahlula kwakhona kunokuba kusekelwe kwimeko engozi, kuquka i-radioactive, iyatshisa, isifo esetyhefu, okanye isetyhi. Izigaba zinokuthi zibhekiselele kwimvelaphi yenkunkuma, njengezoshishino, zasekhaya, ezoshishino, iziko okanye ukwakhiwa nokubhujiswa.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imvelaphi, umxholo okanye ubunobungozi, inkunkuma enamandla kufuneka ilawulwe ngendlela echanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuziphatha okusingqongileyo. Njengokulawulwa kwemfucuza echanekileyo yinto ebalulekileyo yokuhlanzeka kwendalo, kufuneka idibaniswe kwisicwangciso sokusingqongileyo.

Uluphi Ulawulo LweNkunkuma Eqinileyo?

Ukulawulwa kweNkunkuma eSebenzi ichazwa njengoluleko oluhambelana nokulawulwa kwesizukulwana, ukugcinwa, ukuqokelelwa, ukuthuthwa okanye ukudluliselwa, ukucwangciswa nokulahlwa kwezinto ezichanekileyo zokungcola ngendlela ejongene ngqo nenqanaba loluntu lwempilo, ulondolozo, uqoqosho, ubugcisa, ubunjineli kunye nezinye zokusingqongileyo.

Kulo mhlaba, ukulawulwa kwenkunkuma ngokuqinileyo kubandakanya ukucwangciswa, ulawulo, imali, ubunjineli kunye nemisebenzi yomthetho. Isisombululo singabandakanya ubudlelwane obudibeneyo phakathi kweentlobo ezifana nempilo yoluntu, isicwangciso sedolophu kunye nesithili, isayensi yezopolitiko, i-geography, i-sociology, ezoqoqosho, ukunxibelelana kunye nokulondolozwa, i-demography, ubunjineli kunye nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo.

Iinkqubo ezinokulawulwa kwemfucumfucu enokungafani ziyakwazi ukuhluka kwabavelisi beendawo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino, kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nakwiindawo zasemaphandleni, nakwiizwe eziphuhlisiweyo neziphuhlisayo Ukulawulwa kweenkunkuma ezingekho nengozi kwimimandla yamadolophu ngumsebenzi wabasemagunyeni basekhaya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ezinobungozi ngokuqhelekileyo ngumsebenzi wejeneretha, ngokuxhomekeke kumagunya asekuhlaleni, nakwasemhlabeni.

Iinjongo zoLawulo lweNkunkuma

Injongo ephambili yokulawulwa kwemfucuza echanekileyo iyanciphisa kwaye isuse iimpembelelo ezimbi zezinto ezinkunkuma kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wobomi.

6 Izinto eziSebenzayo zoLawulo lweNkunkuma

Kukho iinkqubo ezithandathu ezisebenzayo kwinkqubo yokulawulwa kwenkunkuma njengoko kuchazwe ngezantsi:

1. Ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kubhekisela kwimisebenzi echaphazelekayo ekuchonge izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga kwaye zihlanganiselwe ukulahlwa ngendlela echanekileyo okanye ukuphonswa.
2. Ukusingatha, ukugcinwa, nokucwangciswa yimi sebenzi kwindawo yokuvelisa inkunkuma eyenza lula ukuqokelela. Ngokomzekelo, iibhondi zokulahla zifakwe kwiindawo ezenza inkunkuma eyaneleyo.
3. Ukuqokelela inkunkuma, isigaba esibalulekileyo sokulawulwa kwemfucuza, kubandakanya imisebenzi efana nokubeka imfucuza yokuqokelela imfucuza, ukuqokelela inkunkuma kuloo mabini kunye nokuqokelela udoti kwindawo apho iinqwelo zokuqokelela zithintela khona. Nangona isigaba sokuqokelela siquka ukuthutha, oku akusiyo isigaba esiphezulu sokuthuthwa kwenkunkuma.

1. Ukuthuthwa kwenkunkuma kunye nezothutho yimi sebenzi echaphazelekayo ekukhutsheni inkunkuma kwimimandla yokuqokelela inkunkuma kwindawo yengingqi yokulahla inkunkuma kwiinqwelo ezinkulu zokuthuthwa kweenkunkuma.
2. Ukucocwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokubuyisela kubhekiswe kwizixhobo, izixhobo kunye neendlela eziqeshwe kokubili ukufumana izinto eziphinda zihlaziywe okanye ezihlaziywayo ukusuka kumjelo wamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwamanye amanqaku asebenzayo olawulo lwenkunkuma.
3. Ukulahlwa yinqanaba lokugqibela lokulawulwa kwenkunkuma. Iquka imisebenzi ejoliswe ekulahleni ngendlela echanekileyo yezinto zokungcola kwiindawo ezinjengeendawo zokuhlawula umhlaba okanye izibonelelo zamanzi-nkunkuma .

Ulawulo lweNkunkuma oluHlangeneyo (ISWM)

ISWM lixesha elibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo zolawulo lwenkunkuma. Ibhekisela ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni iinkqubo zolawulo ezifanelekileyo, ezobuchwepheshe, kunye nobuchule bokufezekisa iinjongo kunye neenjongo ezithile zolawulo lwenkunkuma.

I-US Environmental Protection Agency (i-EPA) ithi i-ISWA iqulethwe ukunciphisa umthombo wendalo, ukuvuselelwa kwakhona, ukutsha kwefuthe kunye neefomflethi. Le mi sebenzi inokuthi yenziwe ngandlela-thileyo okanye indlela yokuhlaziya.