Ngaba i-Solar Energy yindlela yokwenza ishishini lakho?
Uluhlu luquka amabhizinisi awaziwayo njengeWalmart, Target, Apple, IKEA kunye ne-Intel, kodwa amaninzi amashishini amancinci kunye nabangenayo inzuzo abamkela ilanga.
Ukufakela iinkqubo zamandla elanga kubonakala ngathi utyalo-mali obalulekileyo ekuqaleni, kodwa kunokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwixesha elide.
Iindleko zoNgcono kwamandla
"Sithetha ngokuzinza nokukwazi ukuzithengisa ngokwakho njengoko kuhlaziywa kunye nokubaluleka kwaloo nto, kodwa umqhubi oyintloko kumashishini amaninzi ukunciphisa iindleko zabo zetyala," kusho uGarrett Colburn, uMlawuli woThengiso loNxibelelwano kunye neNkcazelo yokuDala kwi-REC Solar. Exhaswa nguDuke Energy, i-REC Solar iyingqayizivele phakathi kwabanikezeli benelanga ngokubhekiselele kwizicelo zoshishino.
Amandla okulondolozwa kwimihlaba angabonakali. Idatha yemarike yamandla ibonisa ukuba umnini-mhlaba wezentengiso kwi-US unokunciphisa iindleko zombane jikelele ngamaphesenti angama-75 ngokuya kwelanga.
Ngokombiko, umnini-propati wepropati oyimveliso uhlawule i-1,950 yee-bhilile zenyanga zenyanga zombane ngaphambi kokuhamba kwelanga kwimisebenzi yazo. Bahlawula i-$ 500 emva kokufaka iinkqubo zamandla elanga.
Amashishini angonwabela iindleko zelanga ngaphandle kokwenza utyalo-mali ngeSivumelwano Sokuthenga Amandla (PPA).
Umboneleli welanga uyavuma ukunikezela amandla kumthengi ngesantya esivumelanisiweyo kwithuba elide, njengeminyaka engama-20. I-REC isebenzise indlela ye-PPA yokuncedisa ukungenzi inzuzo ezifana neecawa ezitshiyayo kwi-energy saving phezu kwexesha elide. I-REC kunye nabanye abathengisi banika inkxaso yokuqeshisa kunye neenkqubo zokuthenga imali.
Umthombo Wamahhala Wombane Kwixesha Elide
Amandla e-Infographics anamandla abonisa ukuba amashishini ahlawula iphaneli yabo yokuthenga nokuthenga iindleko kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kweyisixhenxe. Inzuzo yangempela yokuqala kwelanga emva kwelo xesha njengoko amabhizinisi anokufumana ukufumana umbane wamahhala wama-25 ukuya kuma-35 iminyaka, ixesha lokuphila kwelanga. Ukuthenga nokufaka iinkqubo zelanga zifana nokuhlawula iindleko zamatyala eminyaka eyi-25 ukuya kuma-35. Iimpawu zelanga ziza neziqinisekiso ezide. "Abaninzi bamakheli bemodyuli banikela isiqinisekiso sokusebenza kweminyaka engama-25," amanqaku kaColburn. "Kum, oku kuthetha ngokubanzi malunga nokuthembeka kweemveliso zabo."
Intlawulo yeNtlawulo yeNtlawulo ye-Federal (ITC)
Abanikazi bamashishini esandul 'esanda kufakelwa afumana irhafu yentlawulo ye-federal elingana neepesenti ezingama-30 zeendleko zenkqubo yelanga ngo-2016.
Ukuhla kwexabiso lokukhawuleza
Amashishini angathatha iipesenti ezingama-85 zotyalo-mali lwawo lwangonyaka wokuqala ngo-2016.
Ngenxa yoko, banokukhupha ngokukhawuleza iindleko eziphambili zeendlela zesistim.
Amandla aKhembekile kunye noNondlo
Iinkqubo zamandla elanga zifuna ubuncinci ukuba zingabikho ukugcinwa. "Xa ucinga ngako, akukho zixhobo ezihambayo," kusho uColurn. "Xa abantu becinga ngelanga, ngokuqhelekileyo bacinga ngeendlela ezizinzileyo zokufakelwa.
Uncedisa indlela yokuShishino lweGreen
Ngokukhusela imithombo yamandla engekho evuselelekayo, iinkampani zingenza umfanekiso ojongene nokusingqongileyo kwaye zancedise inkxaso yezolimo ezinqwenelekayo.
Iindleko zeMandla eSoar kwiiShishini
Ixabiso lepaneli yelanga liye lahla ngaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini ukususela ngo-2011. Amaninzi amashishini amancinci akudingeki achithe nayiphi na imali ngaphambili ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iinkqubo zonikezelo zamandla zelanga zibonelela ngeendlela eziguquguqukayo ezifana neziboleko zelanga, ukuqashisa kwelanga kunye ne-PPAs.
Ezi zikhetho zokutshala imali eziguquguqukayo zenza kube lula ukuba nabani na ukuba bahambe ngelanga.
Iindleko zeenkqubo zamandla zelanga zamashishini zixhomekeke kwimfuno yamandla yenkampani. Ngenxa yoko, iindleko ziyakwazi ukuhluka ngokubanzi ukusuka kwenye into ukuya kwenye. Isistim sombane we-solar 30kW sinokulungelelanisa amaninzi amashishini amancinane ukuya kumgangatho ophakathi. Ingadala i-$ 75,000 ukuthenga nokufaka inkqubo yelanga yelo hlobo njengowama-2016. Amashishini amaninzi amancinci angaya kwi-10kW inkqubo yamandla elanga malunga ne-26,000 zamaRandi emva kokunciphisa i-credit-generated tax credit, i-credit tax rebates.
I-ITC yaseburhulumenteni, izikripthi zerhafu zorhulumente kunye nezikhewu zemali zivame ukunciphisa iindleko zokufakelwa kwelanga ngeepesenti ezingama-45. Xa kuziwa kwimveliso, iindleko zamandla angama-watt kunye neenkqubo ezinkulu zelanga ziyancipha.
Izinto eziQinisekisa Iindleko zeNkqubo yePaneli yeeNow
Imiba eyahlukileyo ibeka iindleko zokufakelwa kwepaneli yelanga. Imfuneko yamandla ebhishini lakho ibaluleke kakhulu. Iindleko ziya kuchatshazelwa umgangatho kunye neempawu zenkqubo efakweyo. Akubona onke amapaneli eselanga ayenziwe alinganayo.
"Siba nolwalamano kunye nabathengisi abahlukahlukeneyo," kuchaza uColbourn. "Siza kujonga iinjongo zomthengi. Ngaba bafuna ukwandisa ijubane apho iinkqubo zivelisa ii-kilowatt iiyure, okanye ngaba zifuna ukwandisa isivinini apho inkqubo ihlawula khona? Sisebenza nabo ukuchonga uluhlu olufanelekileyo. Ezi zinto zichaphazela ubungakanani benkqubo kunye neendleko. "
Iindleko zeemvume zelanga kunye nabasebenzi zizinto ezimbini ezibangela ukuba iindleko zokugqibela zelanga zenzeke. Amashishini kufuneka ahlawule umrhumo wokuba iipaneli zamandla zelanga zixhunywe kwigridi, kwaye ukufakela kudinga inani elibalulekileyo labasebenzi bomsebenzi. Uphahla apho ufuna ukufaka khona ipaneli yelanga yinto enye. Kungaba lula kakhulu kunye ngqo kunye nophahla, kodwa umgangatho wephahla ophezulu ungenza kube nzima ukufaka iipaneli zelanga.
Iimpawu ezikhoyo kwi-US Solar Energy Industry
Ngenxa yongqungquthela omtsha wemigaqo-nkqubo kunye ne-federal kunye noqoqosho oluchanekileyo lwezoshishino, imboni yelanga ikhula. Ngokweengxelo ze-Solar Energy Industries Association, le shishini lilindele ukufaka ii-gigawatts eziyi-14.5 zamandla elanga ngo-2016 ngokuthelekiswa ne-7.5 gigawatts ngo-2015. Nangona ukwanda okwenyukayo, amandla angama-solar alinganiselwa kuma-1 ekhulwini kumveliso wombane I-US, kodwa uphando olutshanje olwenziwa yi-National National Renewable Energy Laboratory luchaza ukuba phantse ama-40 ekhulwini kumbane e-US ekugqibeleni ivela kwizixhobo zelanga.
Ukukhula kweshishini kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwinqanaba labaphathi-nkqubo. Ukwanda kwenyuka enkulu kwinani lepaneli yelanga ukufakwa ngamacandelo amabini ahlala kunye nezoshishino axhomekeke kakhulu kukhuthazo lukaRhulumente.
Ziziphi iNgxenye zelizwe ezifanelekileyo kwiSola?
I-REC iNtloko yezeMali zeProjekthi uJon Houghland ibonisa ukuba i-geography ibalulekile ekuthandaneni nokukwazi ukukhanya kwelanga kodwa kukho ezinye iimbono ekudlaleni. Uthi, "Inkqubo inokukhahlela imali eArizona naseCalifornia," esho, "kodwa senza amaprojekthi eNew York, eNew Jersey naseMassachusetts. INigeria inomsebenzi omkhulu wentsholongwane yoluntu. "Inkampani leyo ineeprojekthi e-Oregon naseWashington.
"Akusiyo nje imozulu ngokwayo okanye inani leentsuku eziphumayo. Ihla ukuya kumaxabiso encedo kunye nezikhuthazo kunye, "amanqaku eHoughland. "Amanyathelo afana neCalifornia neHawaii anika izikhuthazo ezenza i-solar attractive".
Utshintsho lweeNkqubo zoShishino ngohlobo lohlobo
Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeenkqubo zelanga ezisetyenziselwa ukurhweba zintaba, ukuphakama komhlaba kunye ne-carports.
- Iipesenti ezingaphezu kwe-90 zokufakwa kwelanga kumashishini zikhompyutheni eziphakanyiswe ngophahla ngenxa yokuba zihlala zichithwa kakhulu. Isingqinisiso sokwenza ubukhulu bendlela yokukhanya kwelanga ukufakwa kofakelo lwangaphantsi kunokuba yindawo ephahleni ekhoyo, enokuthintela ubungakanani benkqubo.
- Izixhobo zelanga zisezantsi zihlala zikhulu ngobukhulu. Iinkampani ezinjengeGM, iVerizon, i-L'Oreal kunye nabanye abaneemfuno zamagesi aphezulu kakhulu amandla abo okuvelisa amaziko kunye namaziko eenkcukacha ezilolu hlobo lwenkqubo yesantya. Kodwa limele kuphela iipesenti ezi-4 zeenkcukacha zokufakelwa kwezentengiso ngo-2016.
- Iinkampani ezibandakanya iVerizon, GM, AT & T, uJohnson & Johnson kunye ne-Intel zifake iinkqubo ze-solar carport kwimisebenzi yazo. Iinkqubo zelanga ze-Carport zibonakala zikhula ngokukhawuleza ngokumalunga nobukhulu bomndilili wenkqubo kunye nenani lokufakela. I-Walmart iye yagqiba ii-12 zokufakela i-carport eCalifornia ukususela ngo-2013. I-Arizona ifake i-10 kwaye enye ifakwe kwiNew Mexico.
Ukukhetha uMboneleli wamandla weSolar
Ukufakwa kwelanga kutyalo-mali lwexesha elide ukwenzela ukuba abathengi bafanele baqikelele idumela labo abaza kubonelela. Unenketho yokuya kwinkampani entsha yelanga yombane yamandla, umboneleli wendawo okanye ishishini elinokuqhubeka ixesha elide kwishishini lokufaka ilanga .
Ikusasa leMandla elanga
UColburn uthi ukugcinwa okuphuculweyo kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esilandelayo selanga. Ngenxa yokuba imithombo yamandla efana nelanga okanye amandla omoya ingaba yintsholongwane, ukugcinwa kungenza amandla atholakale ngexesha lokuveliswa kwezantsi kwaye uncede ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aqhelekileyo ukugcwalisa izikhala. Ukhuphiswano lokubonelela ngesisombululo sokugcina lukhula kakhulu kunye nophiswano oluvela ePanasonic, Tesla, LG Chem nabanye.
I-Houghland ithi ngokugcinwa kakuhle, amashishini aya kuba nako ukuthabatha amandla okukhanya kwelanga njengoko kuyadingeka ukukhusela izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo kunye nokulawulwa kancinci kwenkcitho yamandla. "Isisombululo esihle ngokwenene kwiintlobo ezithile zamashishini kunye neprofayile yamandla kagesi."
Ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcinwa kwezinto ezigcinwe kuyo, enye into enomdla yinkalo yesibheno sebala. Nangona le ntshukumo ijoliswe ekuqaleni kwimakethe yokuthengiswa, iyakwazi ukuchaphazela izicelo zoshishino ngelo xesha. UTesla usandul 'uvakalise ukuba uqalise uluhlu lwezinto ezintle zokhetho lweetayile ngokubambisana ne-Powerwall 2 ibhetri yokugcina. Ukugcinwa kwebhetri kubaluleke kakhulu.