Kutheni i-Battery Storage Kubalulekile?
Kufuneka imithombo yamanzi ehlambulukileyo, evuselelwe ukusiza ukudala uluntu oluzinzileyo. Kumele bachithe ukuxhomekeka kwethu kwangoku kwiimithombo ezinengxaki ezinjengeoli, igesi yendalo kunye ne-uranium. Inkxalabo ngemithombo yamandla enjalo evuselelekayo kukuba akunakuveliswa ngelixa ixesha elifunekayo lexesha elifunekayo lokufunwa kwamanzi.
Ukudalwa kwamandla avela kwimithombo enjalo kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Amandla omoya ahlanganiswe xa epholileyo, kwaye indalo yendalo yamandla ixhomekeke ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Iingxaki ezinjalo zifuna isisombululo sokugcina ezifana ne-lithium -ion ibhetri. Zenza amandla okuvuselela amandla okutsha agcinwe kude kufuneke.
Ngokutsho kweRam Ramachander, iGosa eliPhezulu leGosa leeNtloko kunye neNtloko yeGosa lezoRhwebo kwi-Business Innovation Business, eHitachi Yurophu, ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kwebhetri kubini:
"Kusebenza ngenjongo ebalulekileyo." Okokuqala, iququzelela ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, ngelixa livalileyo ukuvula umnyango wokuvelisa inzuzo yabasebenzi beprosumers. , sinokulindela ukugcinwa kweendawo zokuhlala ukuze kube yinto ebandakanyekayo kwaye ibalulekileyo kuzo zonke iiprojekthi zamandla avuselelekayo. "
I-Ramachander ibona ikusasa apho "abaqhubi" (ngamnye umvelisi wamandla / abathengi bamandla) baya kufaka iinkqubo zokugcinwa kwamandla ngamnye, ezivumela ukuba bafezekise imali eninzi, kwaye bavumele ukuba bavelise imali ngenzuzo yokuthengisa amandla angaphezulu kwirejista.
I-State Current Battery Storage
Ixabiso le-lithium-ion ukuvelisa ibhetri iyaqhubeka nokuwa.
U-Elon Musk waseTesla ukholelwa ukuba iindleko ze-lithium-ion zebhathri ziza ku-$ 100 / KWh ngo-2020, ezantsi kwixabiso lemali eyi-$ 1,000 kuphela nje nje ngo-2010. Iiprojekthi zeBloomberg zigcina iindleko zokugcina ibhetri ukuhla ngaphantsi kwe-$ 50 ngo-2030. Iindleko zangoku ziyi-$ 200 uluhlu. Njengoko iindleko zehla, ezinye izibonelelo zamandla ziza kuba zikhuphisana kakhulu kunye neeprojekthi zamandla eziqhelekileyo.
Ukwanda kweemfuno zokugcina ibhetri kunokunyanzeliswa ngumgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente, owakho unokubangela ukuveliswa kwemveliso kunye namaxabiso ahlayo. Amaqela amaninzi athathe amagosa okugcina kunye nemimiselo, kuquka neCalifornia, eHawaii, eMaldin, eMassachusetts, eNevada, eNew Jersey naseOregon. I-Federally, iipesenti ezingama-30 zeNtengo yeNtlawulo yeMali-mboleko isasetyenziselwa utyalo-mali ekugcinweni kwamandla, ngokude idibene neprojekthi yokuvelisa amandla. ICalifornia ithe yamkela inkqubo enomdaka kunamhla, ifuna iipesenti ezingama-33 zamandla kwiimithombo ezivuselelekayo ngo-2020, kunye nama-50 ekhulwini ngo-2030.
Ukusetyenziswa kweLithium kulindeleke ukuba kwanda ngamaphesenti angama-42 phakathi kuka-2017 no-2020, eqhutywe ngumveliso webhetri eyanda. Ukwanda kwamanani kwixesha elifutshane kulindeleke ukuba lilandelwe liyehla ukusuka ngo-2019 ukuya phambili njengoko uphuhliso lwe-lithium lukhula.
Ukuveliswa kwebhetri kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-cobalt nakwi-nickel. Ixabiso leCobalt liphindwe kabini phakathi kwe-2016 no-2017, kunye nokuveliswa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion okwenza i-49 ekhulwini yemfuno ngo-2017. Kuqikelelwe ukuba ikhule ukuya kuma-61 ekhulwini ngo-2022.
Ukukhula kwemveliso yamandla kagesi (EV) kuqhuba imveliso yebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ii-EV zenza iipesenti ezi-1 kuphela zezithuthi zonke, kodwa ezo ziza kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ngokutsho kweMcKinsey & Company, i-EV ingxenye ye-market-duty duty-market market ingafikelela kuma-20 ekhulwini ngo-2030.
I-Tesla ibonise umgomo wayo wokukhawuleza utshintsho lwehlabathi jikelele kumbane ozinzileyo ngokusebenzisa "izithuthi zombane ezithengekayo ngokuthe xaxa." Ukuxhasa injongo yalo yokuvelisa isigidimi seemoto ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2018, uTesla, ngokusebenzisana nePanasonic, udale ibhetri yeGigafactory isityalo sokuvelisa e-Nevada.
I-Panasonic, umvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi weebhetri ze-lithium, eyabhengezwa ngo-Matshi 2018 yaqala ukuveliswa kwisityalo esitsha se-$ 400 yezigidi. I-CATL, okanye i-Contemporary Amperex Technology, umkhuphiswano kwi-lithium-ion indawo yebhetri, wabuye wamemezela injongo yakhe yokwakha ifayili enkulu eChina. Ukugqitywa kweprojekthi kuza kukhulisa amandla akhe kwiiyure ezingama-50 zegigawatt ngo-2020, ngokumalunga nama-35 GWh amabhetri aveliswa kwi-Tesla's Gigafactory.
Ikusasa Eliqaqambileyo Lokugcina Ibhetri?
Iibhetri zokugcina zibonelela ngesisombululo esifanelekileyo sokugcina izinto eziphathekayo zamandla ezinxulumene namandla angaphinda ahlaziywe. Iindleko ziyancipha njengoko umkhiqizo ukwanda, kwaye banikezela ithemba ngekamva elibophelelwe amandla ahlaziyiweyo.
Kuya kubakho imithintelo yemithombo ekulawulwayo, nangona kunjalo. Ngokuveliswa kwe-EV kukwandisa ngamashumi amathathu ngo-2030, imfuno ye-lithium iya kunyuka kakhulu. Umhlaba unemithombo ebalulekileyo ye-lithium, kodwa iimigodi ezongezelelweyo ziya kufuneka zifike kwi-intanethi ngokukhawuleza. Esinye isinyithi esibalulekileyo esetyenziswe kwi-lithium-ion ibhetri yokuvelisa yi-cobalt. Umzekelo, i-smartphone iqulethe igramu ye-lithium kunye ne-8 gram ye-cobalt. Amaphesenti angaphezu kwe-40 e-cobalt echitshiweyo sele sele idliwe yi-lithium-ion ibhetri yemakethe, nangona i-EV yemakethe isencinane kakhulu. Ngesithuthi ngasinye sombane esidinga i-10kg ye-cobalt, ukuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso kuthetha ukuba iimfuneko ze-cobalt ziya kwanda kakhulu.
Nangona kukho ukukhathazeka, ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo kunye nokugcinwa kwebhetri kubonakala ngathi yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba phambili ekuqheleni ukuveliswa kwamandla angcolileyo.