I-Blockchain lixesha apho abantu abaninzi nabaninzi, bevela kwiimali ukuya kukhuseleko lokutya ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yokutya, badibana.
Kuye kwaba khona indawo yokuhlaziywa nge-teknoloji entsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Intanethi entsha." Ingxelo yakwiNkcazo yoHlabathi kwiNkcazo yoNyaka ithi i-10 yeepesenti ye-GDP ngo-2025 iya kugcinwa kwi-blockchain kunye nobuchwepheshe obufanayo. Kakade, iinkampani ezinjengeMicrosoft kunye ne-IBM ziye zazisa iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kwi-blockchain. Icandelo lezezimali lilityala elikhulu kwizicelo ezihambelanayo. Phakathi ko-2014 kunye no-2016, uluntu lwentengo-mali luthululela nge-$ 1 billion kwiintlobo zokuqala ze-blockchain ezinxulumene nobuchwepheshe be-blockchain, kunye nezithembiso eziza kwenza ukuba ukuthengiselana kubekho okukhuselekileyo kwaye kukhuselekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokunciphisa ama-counterfeits emveliso.
Yintoni i-Blockchain Technology?
Ngonyaka ka-2008, uSatoshi Nakamoto, okholelwa ukuba ngumvelisi we-digital Bitcoin, wenyuka kunye nenjongo ye-blockchain njengenxalenye eyintloko ye-digital Bitcoin yakhe, apho isebenza njengesikhokelo sikarhulumente kuzo zonke iintengiso.
Into ephawulekayo yale nkcukacha ingasetyenziselwa ngokuzimeleyo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-server-stamping server kunye nenethiwekhi yontanga.
Ngokuyinhloko, i-blockchain yinkcukacha egcinwe ngokubanzi egcina iluhlu oluqhubekayo lweirekhodi zokuthengiselana, ezibhekiswe njengeibhloko, kwaye apho zonke iibhloko ziqulethe ikhonkco kwibhloko langaphambili.
Ngokukodwa, i-ledger evulekile neyasasazwayo leyo ithatha idatha yokuthengisana phakathi kwamaqela amabini ngendlela engasigxina.
Ngendlela elula, cinga ngebhloko nganye njengepakethi yerekodi yokuthengiselana enxulumene nomntu ngamnye othatha inxaxheba kwintengiselwano yezemali, okanye kwimeko yokuthengiswa kwempahla, ngamnye ochaphazelekayo ovela kumthengisi onobumba kumvelisi kumthengisi kumthengisi. Kwinqanaba ngalinye lohambo, i-block yolwazi engasigxina idalwe, enye ayinakuguqulwa - yifundwa kuphela. Nganye ibhloko ithunyelwa kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba beenkampani zokubonelela ukuqinisekisa, kwaye ke kwongezwa kwikhenketho.
I-blockchain ikhuselekile kakhulu ngoyilo kwaye ukuvumelana kwayo ngokusemthethweni kwenza ukuba kufikeleleke ukurekhoda kwemicimbi yezoshishino, ulawulo lwezisi, imicimbi, imisebenzi yolawulo kunye neirekhodi zonyango.
Kwiimfuno zenkxaso yokubonelela, abachaphazelekayo abathintekayo, umzekelo, abathengisi, baya kuvunyelwaniswa ngokuvunyelwene ngokuvunyelweneyo kwiedivayili zangaphambili, ezifana nomthombo wemveliso, ulawulo lokushisa okanye olunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo lwezoshishino, obanika ukubonakala okubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokutya .
Iingenelo ezinkulu zeBlockchain Technology
I-Blockchain iza kunye neentlobo zeenzuzo ezingekho nanye iteknoloji eye yakwazi ukubonelela uluntu lworhwebo kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Ukulandela kukho ezinye zeengongoma ezibalulekileyo zokuthetha:
- Ukungaqiniseki nokungaziphathi kakuhle: Njengoko kukwabiwa kwedatha ekwabelwanayo, idatha iyafumaneka ngokubanzi kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo kuyo nayiphi na into yokuthengiselana, ukubonelela ngokubanzi. Ukungaguquguquki kwedatha kwenza kubekho ukuthembeka ngakumbi. Ngoko, xa idatha idalwe, ayikwazi ukususwa okanye ishintshwe.
- Inkqubo yokunyaniseka nokuphazamiseka: Amaqela kuyo nayiphi na intsebenziswano aya kuqonda ukuba yonke into iya kwenziwa kanye njengoko kuvunyelwene ngayo umgaqo-nkqubo. Idatha efumaneka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ethembekileyo nayo iyakunqumla nayiphi na imfuneko yokuphambaniswa ngumntu wesithathu.
- Iindleko ezingaphantsi Nokuthengiselana ngokukhawuleza: Iibhloko ze-Blockchains zinamandla okunquma iindleko zokuthengisa kunye nexesha ngokuphelisa iindleko eziphezulu zokutshintsha ii-asethi kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabathengi bamanye abantu. Ngokomzekelo, iindleko zokubakhombisa i-invoyisi , okanye ukuxhaswa kweevoyisi, zingancitshiswa malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 kuba i-Blockchain iyanciphisa ingozi efana nokuthengiswa kwama-invoyisi ezininzi.
- Ukufikeleleka kwedatha ephakamileyo kumntu wonke: Bonke abachaphazelekayo ekuthengisweni baya kuba neenkcukacha ezichanileyo, ezifike ngexesha, ezipheleleyo kunye ezipheleleyo ezifunekayo ukuba bazi ukuba benze isinqumo esineenkcukacha.
I-Blockchain iya kunceda njani iiCandelo lokuThengisa
Ukubonakala okuphuculweyo. Ukubhaliswa kokudluliselwa kweempahla kwi-blockchain ledger kuza kunceda ukuphakamisa ukubonakala , ukuchonga onke amaqela abandakanyekayo kwintengiselwano, urhulumente, umgangatho kunye nexabiso lemveliso kunye nomhla kunye nendawo yokuthengiselana. Ukufumaneka kolwazi malunga nemveliso kuwo onke amaqela kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha. Njengoko i-blockchain ikwasetyenzwa ngokusesikweni, akukho qela elinye liya kuba nelungelo lobunikazi beenkcukacha okanye liyisebenzise ngenzuzo yazo. Ubume obungaguqukiyo kunye ne-cryptography-based based data buyakwenza kube nzima ukuphazamisa isikhokelo. Ukususela ekuveliseni ukuya ekuthengisweni kokugqibela kwemveliso, rhoqo xa umkhiqizo utshintsha izandla, iinkcukacha ziya kubhalwa kwiziko le-blockchain, ngoko kuya kuhlala kusekho imbali engunaphakade.
Ukupheliswa kweephene kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwimibandela. Ngeteknoloji entsha, ukurekhoda, ukulandelela, ukuqinisekiswa kwezakhiwo zezinto eziphathekayo, ukudibanisa kunye nokwabelana kuya kwenziwa ngexesha langempela. Ingakwazi ukuphucula ngempumelelo iimpazamo zomntu, ngelixa ukuphelisa iindleko kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha ezithintela ukuthengiswa kwamaketanga anikezelo namhlanje. Umzekelo, umthwalo wesimo semeko efana nedata lokushisa ingavunyelwana malunga nemilinganiselo yezivumelwano. Ngaloo ndlela, abathathi-nxaxheba banyanzelekile ukuba babike ingxelo, okanye ukuba bathathwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngabenzi. Iinkqubo zenzelwe ukuchonga naziphi na ukuphulwa kwemida ebekuvunyelwene ngayo, ngaloo ndlela kudala amandla okuphendula iingxaki kunye nokunciphisa ixesha ngexesha lesiganeko, kungekudala kwiintsuku ezizayo, kwaye amanyathelo amaninzi asuswe.
"Nge-blockchain, unokwenza ukukhishwa okucwangcisiweyo, kwaye uvumele abathengi kunye neenkampani banokuzithemba," uFrank Yiannas umongameli wokhuseleko lokutya eWal-Mart uthe eBloomberg ngexesha lokuqaliswa kweWal-Mart. "Siyakholelwa ukuba ukulandelelaniswa okuphuculweyo kulungile kwezinye iinkalo zeenkqubo zokutya. Siyathemba ukuba unokubamba ezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezazisa izaziso malunga nokuhamba kokutya, kwaye zize zenzeke kakuhle kwi-intanethi. "UWal-Mart wabuye wazisa iWal-Mart yokuThuthwa koKhuseleko lwaKhuseleko kwi-Beijing ngo-Oktobha 2016, evakalisa intsebenziswano IBM kunye neYunivesithi yaseTsinghua ukuphucula indlela yokutya, ihanjiswa kwaye ithengiswe kubathengi baseChina.
Ukufumanisa kwangaphambili ababoneleli abangenabulungisa kunye neemveliso ezikhohlisayo. Amanyathelo okuHlaliswa kweNtlalo (CSR) alindeleke ukuba azuze kwingxelo ekhuselekileyo yomlando wemveliso ebonisa ubungqina bokuthi izinto eziveliswayo okanye iimveliso zenziwe kwimithombo eyamkelekileyo. I-chain chain supply chain isenomdla kakhulu kwi-blockchain, kwaye ngokukodwa, isakhono sayo sokuphelisa ishishini lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi elikhohlakeleyo elivelisa i-$ 75 billion ngonyaka xa kuthengiswa ngelixa lijongene nokufa kwabantu abayi-100,000
Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha zokhuseleko olunokusetyenziswa kungenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweBlockchain njengoko idatha enikezelayo inokukunceda ukuchonga nokulungisa ukuphulwa kweenkontileka, ukuhlengahlengiswa kunye neenjongo zokuhamba kweempahla.
I-Blockchain kunye neNkuthazo yokuThuthuka
Njengabaxhasi be-teknoloji enjenge-IBM kunye neMicrosoft abatyale kwiziseko zophuhliso ukuxhasa i-blockchain, kuya kuba lula kwinani lezicelo ukuhambisa kule ndlela. Ukusebenza njengomthombo omnye wenyaniso, i-Blockchain inokutshintsha indlela yokuthengisana kwezoshishino ezenzeka ngayo. Ukususela kumbono wokubonelela, ukubonakala okunjalo kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa ukukhuthaza ukhuseleko lokutya, ukukhumbula okucokisekileyo, ukupheliswa kweekhontrakthi kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwamaqabane asebenza ngokuziphatha.
Ukuzuza okuqhubekayo ngendlela yokunciphisa impembelelo engqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa okungcono kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nokusebenza ngokungafanelekileyo kubonakala ngathi iziphumo ezithembisayo zezicelo ze-blockchain. Kwimeko yamalungelo oluntu kunye nomsebenzi onobuhle, irekhodi elicacileyo lembali yemveliso linceda abathengi bemveliso ukuba bathemba ukuba izinto ezithengwayo ziza kuphela kwimithombo eye yabonwa njengeyokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokunciphisa impembelelo engqongileyo, kunomsebenzi omningi owenziweyo. Kulula ngokubhekiselele kwiimveliso ezilandelelanayo ngokulandelelanayo kunye nokuchonga ukuvela kwazo ngaphesheya kwintlanethi yokubonelela kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ububanzi bokusebenza kwakhona nokukhumbula, ukubonelela ngokunciphisa i-gas generic and other saving resources. Ngokubhekiselele ekuphuculeni ukwenziwa komgangatho wokubonelela, ukufikelela kwisiseko esipheleleyo seenkcukacha zokunikezela kwedatha kuya kuba neyona nto ikhokelela kwimigangatho ephuculweyo kubandakanya ukupheliswa kwezinto zokuhlengahlengiswa kunye neengxowa, kwaye ekugqibeleni, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo. Ezi zizo zonke iziphumo ezintle ezivela kumbono wokuzinza.