Funda ukubala izibalo eziphambili
Nangona iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zexabiso lemarike zisetyenzisiweyo, ezona ziwayo ziquka intlawulo yesabelo ngasinye, isabelo sencwadi ngasinye ngesabelo , kunye nomyinge wexabiso lentengo. Ezinye ziquka intengo / imali yemali, isilinganiso somrhumo werhafu , intengo yemarike ngesabelo ngasinye , kunye nomlinganiselo wemakethi / wencwadi .
Ngalunye lwale miqathango isetyenziswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kodwa xa idibeneyo, inika umfanekiso ochanekileyo wezemali weenkampani ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni. Ukongezelela, ukulinganiswa kwexabiso lemarike kunokunceda ukunika ulawulo ingcamango yokokuba abatyali-mali baqinileyo bacinga malunga nokusebenza kwayo kunye nethemba elizayo.
Ziye zisetyenziselwa ukuhlaziya iimpawu zezithuthi, nangona kukho imeko efunekayo. Ngokomzekelo, umlinganiselo wexabiso eliphantsi kweenkampani lingabonisa ukuba isitokhe siyingcambu engabonakaliyo kumashishini asisigxina, kodwa nayo ingabonisa ukuba ithemba lempumelelo yenkampani aliqinisekanga, kwaye isitokhe sinokuba yingozi yokubheja.
Yingakho uhlala ucinga ngemibandela eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa uluhlu lwexabiso leemarike, xa wenza isigqibo malunga notyalo-mali. Isitokhwe esinomlinganiselo okhangeleka kakhulu singaba ngumgubo ongabonakaliyo, okanye ingaba yi-dud ephantsi kwesizathu.
Iintlawulo ngeSabelo
Iintlawulo ngeesabelo zenza intlawulo yenkampani nganye ngenani lemali yesitoksi esele ikhoyo, ebonisa inzuzo yenkampani kubatyalomali.
Bala umvuzo kwisabelo ngasinye ngokuhlula inzuzo yentlawulo yenkampani ngenani lezabelo eziveleleyo (isitokethi njengamanje esabanjwe ngabo bonke abanini-nxaxheba). Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkampani inemali eyi-10 yezigidi kwimali engenayo kunye nezabelo ezi-4 ezikhethiweyo, i-earnings ngayinye iza kuba yizigidi ezili-10 zezigidi ezihlukeneyo zizigidi ezi-4, eyi-$ 2.50.
Ixabiso leNcwadi ngeSabelo
Ixabiso leencwadi lilinganiso yenkampani engabandakanyi ikhefu ekhethiweyo eyahlula izabelo ezikhoyo kwiimarike. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ixabiso lempahla yenkampani lilingana nezigidi ezili-15 zezigidi kunye nezikweletu zayo ezilingana nezigidi ezi-5 zamaRandi, ukulingana ngokupheleleyo kuya kuba yi-$ 10 yezigidi. Ukuba inkampani inama-$ 2 yezigidi kwisitokhwe esikhethiweyo, susa loo nto ukuze ufumane i-$ 8 yezigidi, inani elifumanekayo kubanini-nxaxheba abaqhelekileyo. Ukuba kukho iirhafu ezi-1 ezikhethiweyo, ixabiso leencwadi ngalinye liza kuba yi-$ 8, okanye i-$ 8 yezigidi zidibene zigidi ezili-1.
Ixabiso lentengiso ngeSabelo
Ixabiso lemarike ngesabelo nganye lixabiso lexabiso lemarike yenkampani elwahlula inani elipheleleyo labelo. Oku kulula nje ukuhamba kwesabelo sesabelo esifanayo. Ixabiso lemarike yenkampani linokumiselwa ngokuphindaphinda ixabiso lesitoksi sayo esifanelekileyo ngenani lezabelo ezibalaseleyo.
Imarike / iNcwadi (M / B) Ukulinganiswa
Ngomlinganiselo wemakethi / wencwadi, abahlalutyi banokuqhathanisa ixabiso lentengiso leenkampani kwixabiso leencwadi zalo, Umlinganiselo ungabalwa ngokwahlula ixabiso lentengo nganye ngezabelo ngenani leencwadi nganye ngesabelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkampani inexabiso lencwadi ngesabelo ngasinye se-$ 8 kwaye isitokethi okwangoku ixabiso kwi-10 yesabelo ngasinye, umlinganiselo we-M / B uza kubalwa ngokwahlula i-$ 10 (intengo yamasheya) nge-$ 8 (inani lenani ngalinye ngesabelo).
Oku kuya kukunika umlinganiselo we-1.25. Ngamanye amazwi, ixabiso lentengiso yesabelo sesitishi likhulu ngaphezu kwepesenti ye-25.
Umlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe-1 ungathetha ukuba isitokethi sinokungabalulekanga, ngelixa umlinganiselo ophezulu ngaphezu kwe-1 ungathetha ukuba ukhululekile.
Iintlawulo-Iintlawulo (P / E) Ukulinganiswa
Umlinganiselo wemali-intengo yintengo ekhoyo yesitokheji ehlulwe yimali nganye ngesabelo. Imivuzo ngokubanzi ibalwa ngokujonga kwiingxenye ezine zokugqibela zeziphumo zemali. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isitokhwe sithengisa kwi-25 engama sabelo ngasinye kunye nesabelo sayo isabelo se-$ 2.50, umlinganiselo we-P / E uza kuba yi-$ 25 eyahlula i-$ 2.50, elingana nomlinganiselo we-10 ukuya ku-1. Abahlalutyi banokuthi baxoxe ngomlinganiselo weP / E ohamba phambili, umlinganiselo we-P / E oqikelelweyo kwiingxenye ezine ezizayo.
Ixabiso / Uhlobo lweeMali
Umlinganiselo / umlinganiselo wekheshi uthelekisa intengo yesikhombi senkampani kwi-flow flow.
Ukubala lo mlinganiselo, kwahlula ukwahlula ixabiso lemarike yesabelo ngesamba sokuhamba kwemali kwisabelo ngasinye. Ukuhamba kwemali nganye ngesabelo yimalini yemali inkampani inayo emva kokuthatha ukuhlaziywa kwi-akhawunti. Umzekelo, ukuba ixabiso lempahla yenkampani liyi-$ 20 ngesabelo ngasinye kwaye inkampani inokuphuma kwemali eyi-$ 10 ngesabelo ngasinye, ixabiso / imali ye-cash iya kuba yi-$ 20 eyahlula ngo-R10, elinganayo 2. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inani eliphantsi apha libhetele kuba oko kuthetha ukungena kwemali enkulu.
Uhlu loKhutshwa kweZiphumo
Abahlalutyi bafika kwisiqingatha somvuno we-dividend ngokuhlula iintlawulo ezipheleleyo ezihlawulwa ngonyaka ngexabiso lemarike yesitokisi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkampani ihlawula izabelo zekota kwiimali ezi-$ 2.25, i-$ 2.50, i-$ 2.50, kunye ne-2.75 yezigidi, iintlawulo zemivuzo yazo yonke unyaka ziya kuba yi-$ 10. Ukuba intengo yesitokisi i-$ 100, uza kwahlula i-$ 10 (iintlawulo zentlawulo) nge-$ 100 (intengo yamasheya). Impendulo ngu-0.10, okanye iipesenti ezili-10. Ukwazi lo mlinganiselo kukunceda uqonde ngakumbi ukubuyela kwi-investment yakho ongayilindela ngokuqinisekileyo.