I-Shotrete okanye ikhonkrithi isetyenziswa ngokubhekiselele ekujongeni ubuso
Ukwakhiwa kwodonga lwezondlo kwintlanzi yindlela yokwenza ukuzinza komhlaba kwiindawo apho ukuhlaselwa komhlaba kungabangela ingxaki. Isipiko somhlaba sinokuthi ukuthintela imithombo yamanzi ngokufaka imivalo yokuqina yensimbi emhlabathini kwaye ibambelele kwi-strata yomhlaba. Kubizwa ngokuba ngumsila wesihlabathi kuba kufana nokuba nesilumko sinyanyiswa emhlabathini, apho izipikili ziyimivalo yensimbi.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi, ukukhonkxa komhlaba kungabikho phakathi kwama-dollar 80 ngeenyawo zenyawo ukuya kwi-200 kwiSF. Ezinye iikontraki ziza kusebenzisa isofthiwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-Snail Plus ukuze icwangcise indlela yokuyila kunye nokugqiba ukucinga kwangaphambili kwihlabathi lokubethela.
Izicelo zoLondolozo lweNkundla yoMlambo
Inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwamanxelo yomhlaba kwindalo yeelones ineendawo ezithile ekucebnyiwe kwaye inokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu, ngakumbi xa kungekho nenye indlela ekhoyo. Enye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu malunga nenkqubo yokwakha i-nail ukuba uqala phezulu kwaye njengoko umba, udonga lunwezelwa kwiphakamiso nganye okanye ubunzulu. Yilona khetho olukhulu:
- Ukucocwa kwexeshana
- Isakhiwo esihlala sisigxina
- Ukuzinzisa ukuqina
- Iimpawu zeTunnel
- Indlela yokuhamba
- Ngaphantsi kwezinto ezikhoyo zebhanti
- Iimpawu zeTunnel
- Ukulungiswa nokuvuselela izakhiwo zokugcina ezikhoyo
Iindonga zeeNtshontsho zomhlaba azicetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwimimandla ecacileyo, okanye iisanti ezihlambulukileyo apho ubumbano bomhlaba buncinci.
I-FHWA yabika ukuba indleko yolu hlobo lwesakhiwo iindawo ezivela kuma-dollar angama-70 ukuya kwii-100 zama-square nganye kwinqanaba lesigxina sedonga.
Inkqubo yokufakwa kweNkundla yoMlambo
Udonga lwesilumko somhlaba linikela amandla angamelana nokuhluleka kwethambeka. Inkqubo yakhe yokwakha ikhawuleza kunezinye iindlela ezifanayo . Inkqubo yokwakha iqala, ukubhoba emhlabathini, apho isikhonkwane, ibha yensimbi, iya kufakwa.
Emva kokugqitywa kweloliwe, ubunzulu obuchanekileyo kufuneka banikezwe ngunjineli we-geotechnical, ikhonkwane kufuneka ifakwe kwisango elidibeneyo. Emva koko, kufuneka ihlanganiswe emhlabathini ukudala isakhiwo esifana nodonga olunamandla. Emva kokubeka isikhombiso, i-shot-Crete layers often lays as a material facing , ukukhusela isikhombiso esicacileyo, kwaye ezinye iindlela zokwakha zibekwa phezu kwe-shot-Crete, ukudala ukugqiba kweprojekthi kwiprojekthi.
Izikhonkwane zensimbi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa izikhonkwane zomhlaba zokugaya kunye ne-grout zihlala ziquka i-0.8 ukuya kwi-2.0 intshi ye-intshi enegunya lokuvelisa kwi-60 ukuya kwi-72 KSI. Utywala luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yokwakhiwa kwesikhokelo semisilingi yomhlaba. Ubuncwane bebuso buhlala kusetyenziswa ngeendonga ezingapheliyo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngeendonga zesikhashana. Ubuncwane bebuso buqulethe kubandakanya izixhobo zokuhambisa amanzi ezifakwe phakathi kwe-shot-Crete kunye nomhlaba ogcinwe kwaye ingaba zii-8 ukuya kwi-intshi ezili-12 ububanzi beempahla eziphambili okanye iipayipi ezijikelezayo.
Umgxobhozo womhlaba umlenze womnxeba ngokuqhelekileyo unomlinganiselo obuncinci bama-intshi amane. Ama-centralizers abekwa ngapha kwenhlabathi isikhonkwane ukuze kugcinwe ubunzima be-grout ejikeleze ibha. Izicelo ezisisigxina, izipikili zinokuthi zenziwe nge-epoxy okanye zinikezelwe ngomkhuseleko wokukhusela ukukhusela.
Izibonelelo zeNew Nailing Wall kunye neLinganiselwa
Ukuthungwa kwehlabathi kuye kwasetyenziswa rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwiindonga ezigciniweyo zokugcinwa kweendonga ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- Kulungele ukuba kubekho izikhala eziqinileyo.
- Ingasetyenziselwa kwiimo ezingavumelekanga.
- Ingxolo encinci kunye nezithintelo zendlela.
- Impembelelo encinci kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
- Ukunciphisa okuncinci kuyadingeka.
- Kudinga indawo engaphantsi kokusebenza kunye ne-ROW kuneendlela zemveli.
- Iimfuno ezingaphantsi kwemithwalo ngaphandle kweendlela zokugcina i-tieback anchors.
- Iphelisa ixesha kunye neendleko zokubeka iintsimbi zensimbi.
- Ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa ezinye iinkqubo zodonga ezikhoyo .
- Inokusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezintsha, njengezakhiwo zesikhashana okanye kwinkqubo yokulungisa.
- Ubude bodonga abukhawulelwanga.
- Ukunciphisa iimfuno zokunene.
Eminye yemingcele yenkqubo yokwakhiwa kwesikhokelo semisipha yomhlaba yile:
- Kwamanye amaxesha, umhlaba ungadluliselwa phambili ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe isikhonkwane.
- Isitye kunye neerveli akunokuthi zihambelane nomhlaba wokukholisa.
- Akukhuthazwa ukuba usebenzise kwiindawo eziphezulu zeetafile zamanzi.
- Ukuthungela umhlaba kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu ye-shear amandla omhlaba kungadinga ukuphakama kwesilumko esikhulu somhlaba.
- Ukuthungwa komhlaba kwindawo enomdla kunye nenhlabathi ehamba phambili yezicelo ezide zisesigxina ayincomo.
- Iinkontrakthi ezizodwa zifunekayo ukwenza umsebenzi