Ukufumanisa kunye nokuLawula iNkundla yeMantshi yeNtshisekelo
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kulula ukuziva ukwesaba okanye ukuxhalaba malunga negqwetha leengxabano. Emva kokuba bonke, bathambekele ekufuneni ukufumana isenzo sokungasebenzi, okanye ukutshaywa ngumxhasi, okanye ukuqhuma komshini wakho, okanye inxephezelo kwizinga le- inshurensi yokungasebenzi , okanye ukuqeqeshwa koqeqesho , okanye ukunyanzelisa ukunyanzeliswa ngumdlali, okanye imeko engakhokhelwa ngumthengi ofumene ingxabano ngokwakhe, okanye umngeni wemingeni, okanye ulawulwa yintlawulo.
Nangona kukho ubudlelwane obubi, igqwetha leemfazwe zentshisekelo akufuneki kube zizinto ezimbi. Imithetho kubo, emva koko konke, ikhuselwe ngokubanzi ukukhusela abaxhasi. Nangona le mithetho isaphila, ngokunjalo yenza amathuba amaninzi okulawula iingxabano zomdla. Amagqwetha kufuneka awafumanise kwaye ahlole iindlela zabo zokusingatha nayiphi na ingxabano enomdla.
Iyintoni Ingxabano Yomdla?
Nangona iimbambano zenzalo zibhekiswe kwi-American Bar Association ye-Model Rules of Conduct Conduct, ibinzana ngokwalo alichazwa.
Iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa iinkcazo ezichasene namagqwetha anemibango enomdla obamele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabathengi. Ngoko, umzekelo, uMthetho we-1.7, ojongene neengxabano ezibandakanya abathengi banamhlanje, uxela amagosa ukuba amele umxhasi ukuba loo msebenzi uquka ingxabano elandelanayo-nangona ulawulo lubandakanya ukukhetha okuvumela ukuba igqwetha libe nempikiswano yoluntu ukumela umxhasi wanikezela iimfuno ezithile ezifunekayo.
UMgaqo-mzekelo 1.8 uze ufumane ingcaciso engakumbi malunga noko akuvumelekanga, kunye nemibandela ecacisa ukuba yintoni ngempela. Omnye umgaqo (1.9) udibana neengxabano ezibandakanya abaxhasi bamandulo. Emva koko kukho ukuchazwa kweengxabano zomdla, ezibhekiswe kumgaqo 1.10, ukuthintela onke amagosa kwiqumrhu esuka "ngokuziwayo" emele umxhasi ukuba omnye omnye kubo uya kuvunyelwa yimpikiswano imigaqo ekumele imele umxhasi - kunye nezinye izinto ezichaziweyo vumele ukumela nokuba kukho ukuchazwa kwempikiswano. Kwaye kukho iingxabano ezikhethekileyo, ezichongiwe kwiNqumle 1.11, ukujongana neemeko ezibandakanya abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni nabangaphambili. Umthetho 1.12 ujongana neemeko ezibandakanya amagosa angaphambili kunye namabhalana omthetho okwangoku kunye nento abakwenzayo kunye noko bangenako ukufikelela kubathengi kunye nemicimbi apho ababenokuqala abagwebi okanye ababhalisi bezomthetho banokubandakanyeka khona. Umthetho 1.13 uchaphazeleka ngamagqwetha abamele imibutho njengabaxhasi. Imbopheleleko kubaxhamli abathengi baqwalaselwa kuMgaqo 1.18. Impikiswano yenzalo ngokukhawuleza idideka, ingakumbi xa igqwetha lijonga ukuba imimiselo yomzekelo yileyo kuphela - imizekelo . Igosa, ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka lijonge kwimigaqo yokuziphatha yobugcisa kunye nemithetho kunye nemibono yokuziphatha kunye ne-caselaw kwimimandla apho avunyelwe ukuba ayenze ukuqinisekisa ukuba yiyiphi impi echaphazelekayo kwaye yintoni - kwaye ayivumelekanga.
Ingxabano Yomdla Ivela Njani?
Nangona kukho imigudu engcono kakhulu yabameli, kuvela iingxabano zomdla. Ngeendlela ezininzi, oku kunengqiqo kuphela: njengoko igqwetha elincinci liba nolwazi oluninzi kwaye lukhula ngobuchule kwindawo ethile yokusebenza, abathengi abaninzi baya kufuna igosa loncedo kwindawo yakhe yobungcali. Abo baxhamli bathengi banokuba neenjongo ezichasene nabaxhasi beenkampani ezikhoyo okanye abaxhasi abaqinileyo. Igosa elimelela amaqela amaninzi kunoma yiphina inkundla yomthetho inokuthi iqhube isilumkiso. Amalungu eqela angaba neminqweno ehambelanayo ehamba ngokukhawuleza. Yintoni eyenzekayo, umzekelo, ukuba ummeli omnye umela abagibeli abaningana abasemngciphekweni wecala kumenzi wezimoto kunye nomgibeli omnye ufuna ukuzinza kwaye abanye abenzi? Kuthekani ukuba umqhubi umele ngokunjalo kwaye ummangalelwa umvelisi wemoto uvusa ukuba umshayeli angabakhathaleli ngenxa yengozi?
Abaxhasi abaneemfuno ezahlukileyo azikho nje kuphela zeendlela zamagqwetha ezithandanayo. Igosa lezentengiselwano lingaphuhlisa ishishini elingenanto yokwenza nomthetho wakhe, njengenqwelo-mali ye-real estate okanye umthengisi we-intanethi. Igosa elinjalo lingase liqale ukumela eli qumrhu elitsha njengemali yokulondoloza imali, kodwa ukuba igqwetha aliyena umnikazi wedwa-futshane, ukuba unomlingane wezoshishino-inzala yakhe kunye neyabalingani bakhe iyahluka.
Kwaye ke, kukho iimeko ezininzi zentlalo ezinokubangela ukungqubuzana komdla. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umthengi ubandakanyeka ngothando nommeli? Umthetho uchaza ntoni? Ngokuxhomekeke kummandla, kunokubakho iproscription ngokumelene nobulili ngokwesini sommeli kunye nomxhasi kuphela kwiimeko ezithile. Emva koko, umntu unokubandakanyeka kwingxoxo malunga nokuba yeyiphi ubudlelwane bezesondo .
Ukulawula iNgxabano zeNzala
Njengoko kunzima njengemigaqo yokuqonda kummeli-mbambano womdla, abameli bangakhumbula ukuba, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, banokuqhubeka nokumela umxhasi nangona kukho ukungqubuzana kwenzalo enoba kukho iimeko ezithile. Nangona ukumela kwabathengi ababandakanya ukungquzulana ezithile kungenakwenzeka, igqwetha lingaqhubeka nokumelela umxhasi obandakanya ukungqubana kweemfuno ezinikezelweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba iimfuno ezifunekayo zizalisekile. Ngokomzekelo, imvume enolwazi ngumthengi ingafuneka. Okanye i-firewall (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Wall Wall) ingafuna ukuba isungulwe malunga negqwetha elinjalo ukuba umcimbi awuxoxiswanga ngaphakathi kwenkampani kunye nommeli othile onokungqubuzana nomdla. Nguwuphi na amagosa kufuneka aqikelele xa ucinga malunga neengxabano zomdla yindlela yokulawula ezo ngquzulwano, ukusuka kwindawo yokuchonga iingxabano ezinokuthi uzimisele ukuba ngaba ummeli uya kuvunyelwa, kwaye phantsi kweyiphi imeko, ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba lo mboniso uya elandelwayo okanye elula.
Iingxaki zinokuvela ekulawuleni iimbambano zomdla, ukuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo, ingongoma kwinkqubo apho igqwetha lithe xa kuvela ingxabano. Ukuba ingxabano ichongwa ngexesha lokuxabana, imeko enjalo inokuthi ibhekiswe ngokungafaniyo kunokuba xa kuvela ingxabano ngecala elichaseneyo ngexesha lolwaphulo oluqhubekayo. Imithetho ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimo yenkampani apho igqwetha linenkquzulwano: Ngaba umthengi wamanje? owayengumxhasi? umxhasi? Indlela impikiswano efunyenwe nayo inokuchaphazela njani, ekugqibeleni, iya kuthathwa. Ngaba igqwetha lafumanisa ingxabano, okanye omnye umntu wayifumana kuye? Ngaba lo ngumlingani, umthengi oza ngokuza phambili ngolwazi ummeli usenokungahoywa ngandlela-thile, ijaji, okanye umntu wesithathu?
Iimbambano zentlalo zinokuba nzima kakhulu, ngakumbi njengoko ezinye iinkalo zomthetho zithinteka. Ngokomzekelo, ziziphi iimeko, ukuba zikhona, ingaba igosa elinokungqubuzana komdla lidlulisela umcimbi kwelinye igqwetha ngaphandle kwenkampani kwaye ifumana imali yokuthumela
Ngubani oza kusondela kwaye kufuneka anikwe ingcamango ecacileyo xa kukho ukungqubana komdla emva kokuba umelo luqalisiwe. Kwakhona, ezinye iimbambano zilawulwa lula, ngokunciphisa ukulula okanye ukufumana imvume enolwazi oluvela kumaqela afanelekileyo. Abanye abayicombululi lula kwaye banokufuna isaziso kwi-insurer okanye ukungathathi kwamanye amanyathelo ukuhoxisa okanye ukuphoqa ukuhoxiswa, kwimiba.
Ukukhathazeka Okusebenzayo
Igqwetha elijongene neengxabano ezinokubakho inokuthi liqwalasele nokuba yintoni isikhundla sakhe kwisakhiwo, ingaba ungumhlobo okanye iqabane, okanye isiluleko. Igqwetha elinjalo liyakucinga ukuba uya kukhusela njani umxhasi wakhe, iqine lakhe, kwaye ngokwakhe ekujonganeni nokuxabana komdla. Ingqwalasela kufuneka inikezwe ngendlela enokuthi ichaze imithetho efanelekileyo, kwaye izimpembelelo ezinokubangela ukuba ukuchazwa komntu ekugqibeleni kungekhona intambo yenkundla. Imithetho ethile yomthetho inokubangela ukuba kubekho ukungqinelana ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweengxabano zentlalontle, nangona kungekho zintlankwano ezinjalo. Ngokomzekelo, amabanjwa aphantsi kwezivakalisi ezide angaba nesifiso sokufaka ingxabano emva kwesicelo okanye emva kokutshutshiswa kwezinto ezithatha inxaxheba ezibandakanya igosa labo elinokuthi likholise inkundla yesikhalazo ukugqiba ukuba kwakungekho uncedo olungeluncedo lwengcebiso.
Kwimeko efanelekileyo (ngaphandle kweyodwa engahambelani nongquzulwano), iimpikiswano ezinokuthi zichongiwe phambi kokumelwa kwaye zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo. Isimo esingaphantsi kweyona nto ingabandakanya impazamo, okanye isigwebo esingalunganga, okanye abaxhasi abangekho nto abayifumene ngayo malunga negosa labo abasebenzisa ngandlela-thile inxaxheba yabo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezenzo kunye nezenzo zoluleko kunye nokuhlawulwa kwemali kunye neengxabano zemirhumo kunye neengxelo ezingekho phantsi kwemali.
Ukunyuka kwamagqwetha kunye neengcango ezijikelezayo zihambisa amagosa angena kunye nakwiinkonzo zikaRhulumente kunye neenkampani zomthetho ezidibeneyo kunye nokuphulwa kwemithetho yeefayili kunye nokuthengiswa kwezenzo kunye neengcali zobungcali, ukungqubuzana kwenzalo akukwazi ukuphepheka lula. Ingcinga kufuneka inikezwe malunga nendlela iimbambano eziza kuqatshelwa kwaye zilawulwe ngayo kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo eya kuthathwa (ngokubanzi ukunciphisa ukumela? Funa imvume enolwazi?). Iinjongo zexesha elide lommeli kunye nequmrhu linokuthi liqwalaselwe, kwakhona, xa kuqhutyelwa iimbambano ezithintekayo. Ngaba umthengi, okanye umcimbi, omncinci? Ngaba uya kufuna imvume enolwazi kwabanye abahlukumeza kakhulu, abathengi abanokusebenza ngakumbi okanye amagqwetha anamandla angaphezulu kwenkampani? Ingaba kunokwenzeka njani ukuba naluphi na uxhaso-lwentlalo-nzala ukuba luphelise kakubi? Ingaba ukumelelwa okuvumelekileyo kulungele umngcipheko?