Kwiminyaka phakathi kowe-1950 no-2011, ngokuqhelekileyo, ishishini lakhula ngezinga lesithoba kwipesenti kwaye kulindeleke ukuba lilandele izinga elifanayo lokunyuselwa kwikamva. Ngale nkqubela, isidingo sokuphinda sisebenzise ngokutsha le nto kwaye siyikhuphe ngaphandle kweefomathi zokuhlawula umhlaba. Enyanisweni, ngelixa iiplastiki ziquka ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye yenkunkuma enomda ngoomasipala ngo-1960, ngeminyaka elishumi yokuqala yeminyaka ye-2000 yayifinyelele amanani amabini. Ehlabathini lonke, uluhlu oluphakathi kweepesenti ezingama-22 kunye neepesenti ezingama-43 zeplastiki zilahliwe kwiifomflethi, ngokutsho kweNkqubo yeZizwe eziMmandla.
Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokucamngca
Nazi ezinye iinyaniso eziza kuqwalaselwa kwi-Worldwatch Institute
- Iipesenti ezingama-9 kuphela zeeplastiki zangasese -mboleki , eziyi-2.8 yezigidi zeetoni, zaphindiswa kwakhona e-US ngonyaka ka-2012. Ubhalansi, ubuninzi beetoni eziyizigidi ezingama-32, zithunyelwa kumafayili omhlaba okanye ngenye indlela.
- Phantse iipesenti ezi-4 zonyaka wokusetyenziswa kwepetroleum emhlabeni jikelele zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iplastiki, kunye neepesenti ezongezelelweyo ezi-4 eziqeshwe kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla kumveliso weplastiki.
- Inkunkuma kumandla yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu eYurophu apho ama-36 eepesenti yeeplastiki yomthengi esetyenziselwa ukudala amandla ngo-2012. Ibhalansi, iipesenti ezingama-38 zeeplastiki zangemva-mboleki, zagqitywa kwiifom.
Ingxaki yeTarbage ePlastiki eLwandle
Ukongezelela, phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-20 yezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki ziphela ngonyaka kwii-ocean. Ngokwolu cwaningo olukhankanywe yi-Worldwatch Institute, kukho i-5.25 trillion iplastiki ezinenani elingu-268,940 ngamathani okwangoku ehamba olwandle jikelele. Impembelelo yezoqoqosho kule meko ibonisa ukulahlekelwa kweerandi eziyi-13 ezigidigidi ngonyaka ezidalwe yimali yokuloba kunye nokukhenketho kunye nexesha elichithwayo lokucoca iilwandle.
UkuLawula okungalawulwayo
Enye yemiceli-mngeni yokulungiswa kwakhona okuzinzileyo kuye kwaba ukuhamba kwempahla yeplastiki ukuya kwimisebenzi engaphantsi kwezinto zokubuyisela izinto eziphangaleleyo, ezivelisa ukungcola kunye nokuhlambulula amanzi ngexesha lokubuyiswa kwakhona, okanye ngokuthe ngenye indlela, endaweni yokuba isetyenziswe kwakhona, loo nto iphela kwintsikelelo yamandla izityalo zilahla ulawulo lokulawula ukungcola. Ngo-2012, iipesenti ezingama-56 zeeplastiki zeplastiki zafunyanwa zithunyelwa e-China, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yoMsebenzi woBuFlanzi obuninzi ka-2010, abaphathi baseTshayina bancitshiswe ngokunciphisa inani lezibonelelo ezingalawulwayo.
Ukudibanisa Isidingo Sokuvuselela Izinto
Ekuphenduleni ekutshintsheni kwiplastiki, imboni yokuphinda iphinda iphinde iphandwe. Abahlaziyi beplastiki banikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwimo engqongileyo kwakunye noqoqosho.
Ngokwe-Institute for Recycling Industries (ISRI), zininzi iingeniso zokusingqongileyo ekusebenziseni izinto eziphinda zenziwe ngokutsha ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezintlupheko ngokwemfuno eyancitshiswayo yezinto eziluhlaza, kunye nokunciphisa amandla okufuneka asebenze. Ngokubhekiselele ekuhambeni, ukuphindaphinda kwakhona kunceda ukugcina impahla yeplastiki ngaphandle kweefayili. Kwakhona, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kunamandla okwenza ukuvelisa kunezinto ezintsha, ngelixa uphepha ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (i-EPA) ibhala ukuba ukubuyiswa kweplastiki kubangela ukugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu okuqikelelwa kuma-50-75 MBtus ngetoni yezinto eziphinda zenziwe ngokutsha ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso yeeplastics ezintsha usebenzisa izinto ezintle.
Ukuqhubela phambili
Inkqubela phambili iyaqhubeka ekwenzeni ukubuyiswa kwempahla yeplastiki, kwakunye nokusebenza kwe-industry.
Kule minyaka engama-25 edlulileyo, ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo ezikhethiweyo zokuhlenga kunye nokuvuselelwa kwakhona ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zikuncede ukuma inkqubo ye-plastiki yokuhlaziya kwakhona. Omnye umzekelo, izityalo ezintsha zokusela iibhotile zokutshayela ngoku ziyakwazi ukubuyisela iibhotile ze- polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kwiiplastiki zokutya. Ukongezelela, abaphandi baqhubeka behlola indlela yokufumana ixabiso elingakumbi kwizinto eziphambili zeplastiki kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudala, ezivela kumbane wamanzi ukuya kutshintsho lweplastiki kwioli.
Ngo-2010, i-9.2 yezigidigidi zeetlastiki zaphinda ziphinda zenziwe kwakhona, kubandakanywa iipounds ezigidi eziyi-5.3 zeemveliso zepropati, kunye nezigidi ezili-3.7 zezigidi zezinto zokugcina umthengi. I-US ithumele imali engama-940 yezigidi zeengxowa zeplastiki ngo-2010.
Indlela efunekayo
Iingqapheli zengcinga zoshishino ziyabona ukuba kufuneka kuthathelwe inkqubo efanelekileyo xa ijonga le ngxaki - iyamkela yonke imveliso yokuphila. Umngeni kukunyusa ngokugcwele iimpawu ezimangalisayo zeplastiki ngelixa kudala inkqubo ebeka phambili ukuyila ukubuyiswa kwakhona nokubuyiswa okuthe xaxa .
Ngoxa ixa elizayo le-plastiki iphinda liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde lithembise, kunjalo, lisekho indlela ende yokuhamba. Ipesenti ephakamileyo yezinto zeplastiki ziyaqhubeka nokuhlawula impahla, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya ukugqitywa okungekho ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo ye-curbside yokuvuselelwa kwenkqubo, ukungahambisani nemithetho yelizwe kunye nokudideka kwendawo malunga nokuba yiyiphi into okanye ayibuyiswa kwakhona, imiba yoyilo lwemveliso, kunye neminye imiba.