Amalungelo obunikazi, iimpawu zokuthengisa, iiNkonzo kunye neeKorhwebo
Iimveliso zithatha ixesha lokuphuhlisa nokuzisa kwimarike. Xa isiqulunqo somkhiqizo, sinokuxeliswa kwiqhezu lexesha. Kuya kuba lula kwezinye iikhampani ukudala iimveliso zokhuphiswano okanye iinkonzo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, khawuqwalasele "kutshintshwa kwabasebenzi" abasandul I-General Motors ifike ngcamango, kodwa iForne noChrysler bayayilingisa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba umkhankaso we-GM uqale. Iimpembelelo zokupapasha ngokubanzi azikhuselwanga ipropati yengqondo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, qwa lasela i-segway yokuthambisa ifowuni. Emva kokuqala ukuba kufumaneke esidlangalaleni, bekuya kuba lula kakhulu ukuba omnye umntu adibanise enye, yabone indlela eyenziwe ngayo, kwaye uqale ukwakha imifanekiso engabizi kakhulu. Oku akuzange kwenzeke kwaye akusayi kwenzeka nanini na ngokukhawuleza, kuba i-Segway ikhuselwe yi-patent, kwaye abenzi be-Segway baya kuba nesiseko esisemthethweni sokulandela umncintiswano onjalo ngemali eninzi.
"Ipropathi yepropathi" ibhekisela kulezo ngcamango ezinokuthi zithathwe ngokuba "ngumnini" ngumntu okanye kwinkampani kwaye ngoko ke ukhuselwe phantsi komthetho. Injongo yomthetho wepropati yomgaqo-nkqubo ukukhuthaza izinto ezintsha ngokunika abadali beengcinga ezintsha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuba bazuze kwiingcamango zabo baze bahlawule iindleko zabo zophuhliso.
Kwiingcamango, ipropati yakho yengqondo ikhuselwe phantsi komthetho ukususela ngexesha owenza ngayo, uthatha omnye umntu engazange adalwe kuqala (nangona kunjalo kwezinye iimeko). Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza ityala enkundleni kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukuba konke okufuneka uqhubekeyo yiirekhodi zakho. Ubhaliso lwepropati yobunini bukhona ukwenzela ukuba wenze irekhodi elisemthethweni yeengcamango zakho kwaye uzikhusele ngokulula xa kuvela ingxabano.
Ezi zintathu iindlela ezisisiseko zokukhuselwa kwepropathi yengqondo zi:
- I-Patent - Iiphatente zikhusela i-"inoveli" (entsha kunye yangaphambili) kunye "engabonakaliyo" (kumntu onobungcali obuchwephesha kwintsimi yenkqubo). Oku kunokwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizixhobo zokusebenza (oomatshini, i-electronics, impahla ethile eyenziweyo), kodwa isanda kufakwa kwiingcamango ezingaphezulu, ezifana ne-computer software algorithms okanye iinkqubo zoshishino.
- I-Trademark - Iimpawu zokuthengisa zikhusela uphawu lwenu, oko kukuthi, igama lenkampani yakho okanye imveliso ethile. Ububanzi bokukhuselwa komqondiso kusemgangathweni omnye wezoshishino, oko kukuthi, inkampani yekhompyuter ingaqamba ikhompyutha yawo entsha "Nike", kwaye (mhlawumbi) ayiyi kuba yicandelo lokuthengisa kakubi kwi-shoe ye-footwear.
- I-copyright - I-copyright ikhusela ifom ekhethekileyo apho kubhalwe khona iingcamango, kwaye yindlela yokukhusela esetyenziselwa ukukhusela iincwadi (iincwadi, amanqaku, imibongo) kunye nobugcisa (iikopi, umculo) usebenza. Nantoni na ebhalayo okanye ebhaliweyo, nakwizithuba zengxoxo yeforum, ikhuselwe ngokukhawuleza phantsi komthetho we-copyright ngaphandle kokuba uyifake ngqo kwisizinda sikawonkewonke okanye esinye isivumelwano semvume (umzekelo, i-Creative Commons okanye isivumelwano somsebenzisi webhsayithi ekuthunyelwe kuyo kuqala).
Imithetho ethile malunga nepropati yengqondo iyahluka kwilizwe elizweni, kodwa imigaqo-siseko iyaqatshelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye i-patent, uphawu lokuthengisa okanye ilungelo lobunikazi elifakwe kwelinye ilizwe linikeza ukhuseleko lomthetho kwamanye amazwe phantsi kweemvumelwano ezilawulwa yiLizwe leNkcubeko Umbutho.
Akudingeki ukuba ube nepropathi yecandelo lobugcisa ukuba ube neshishini eliyimpumelelo, kodwa ukuba uchithe ixesha kunye nemali ekuphuhliseni ipropati ekhethekileyo yengqondo, ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna ukuwasebenzisa ngokunxulumene nemithetho evumela ukuba ukhusele ezo ngcamango kumncintiswano ongekho. Thatha i-inventory of assets yakho yengqondo uze ucinge ukuba yiziphi iifom zokukhusela ipropati yengqondo enokuthi ulungile.