Amanye amanqaku afaka isithsaba kuMarta Matilda Harper, owayengumngqungquthela waseRochester, NY ubuvulindlela bentsebenziswano ekuphuhlisweni kwayo kweHarper Method Shop ye- franchise system. Kodwa nangona i-International Franchise Association yamemezela ukuba yi-franchisor yokuqala ngo-2000, unyaka banyula noJoanne Shaw (uMongameli kunye noMququzeleli weCafetry Coffee) njengomsihlalo wabo wesibini wokuqala, uNksz Harper akayena owona wokuqala. Isihloko se-franchiseor yokuqala e-United States ngokwenene sandulela ukuzimela kwethu kwaye sigcinwe ngu ... uBenjamin Franklin.
1891: UMarta Matilda Harper Iimvume zeFranchisee yakhe yokuqala
UHarper wayengumcebisi obalulekileyo webhishini, kwaye inkqubo ye-franchise eyadala ivelise ezininzi zezinto esizilindele kwi-modern system ye-franchise system. Wanikeza ama-franchisees kunye nokuqeqesha okuqala kunye nokuqhubekayo, iimveliso zokunyamekelwa kweenwele, ukutyelelwa kwintsimi, ukuthengisa, i-inshurensi yeqela kunye nokukhuthaza.
Indlela yakhe ekuphuhliseni inkqubo yokuxhasa i-franchisees kunye ne-branding yakhe i-salons yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuthengiswa kwemali namhlanje.
UNksz Harper waqala ishishini lakhe loononti ngo-1888, wayenelungelo lokuthengisa i-franchise yokuqala ngo-1891, kwaye wakhulisa inkqubo kwi-salons ezingaphezulu kwama-500 kunye nezikolo zokuqeqesha ekuphakamileyo. Emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kunye nokufa ngo-1950 eneminyaka eyi-93, kwaye emva kokuba umyeni wakhe efa ngo-1965, i-Harper Method Shops zafunyanwa ngo-1972 ngumncintiswano kwaye ekugqibeleni zavalwa.
UNks. Centa Sailer, ogama lakhe liseLochester, e-NY, lalinomdla wokugqibela waseHarper Method: i-client yakhe edumileyo yayiquka uSusan B. Anthony, uJacqueline Kennedy, uHelen Hayes kunye namanye amadoda namabhinqa amaninzi kumaxesha.
Ngo-1731: UBenjamin Franklin Ungena "Ulwalamano Lokusebenzisana"
Ngoxa ubuchwepheshe baseUnited States bebengakazalwa, i-franchisor yokuqala kwizinto ezaza kuba yi-United States ibonakala ingomnye wooyihlo bethu abanobuchule nabalwazi: uBenjamin Franklin. Izixhobo zakhe eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziquka intonga yombane, ukubhukuda, iigermal, i-odometer, ixesha lokulondolozwa kwemini, i-Franklin Stove, isihlalo seelayibrari esatshintshile kwisigxina, kunye ne-catheter eguquguqukayo (andifuni ukwazi se tyenziswa ngaphambili). Kwakhona waqulunqa isixhobo somculo ngo-1761 obizwa ngokuba yiGrazil Armonica, apho iBethoven kunye noMootart babumba umculo. Wasinika ukuqonda kwethu kokuqala ngempahla yombane, eyasungulwa kwisibhedlele sokuqala sesizwe, yachonga amaqondo okushisa kwe-Atlantic Ocean, yakha iSicwangciso se-Albany, yabhala ngokubhaliweyo iSibhengezo soBu-Independence, kwaye kwandlela-thile wafumana ixesha lokudala oko kwenzeka Inkqubo yokuqala ye-franchise kule ndawo.
NgoSeptemba 13, ngo-1731, kwisixeko saseFiladelphia, uBenjamin Franklin wangena kwisivumelwano kunye noTomas Whitmarsh "intsebenziswano yoBambiswano ekuqhubeni iBhizinisi lokuprinta eCharlestown eSouth Carolina." Ivenkile yokuprinta eyenziwa yiFranklin U-Whitmarsh uphinde washicilela iGazethi yaseGeorge kunye nokuba ngumshicileli wendawo yeemibhalo ezininzi zaseFranklin, kubandakanywa noPoor Richard's Almanac.
Isivumelwano sentsebenziswano sisebenzisana ukuba ngexesha lekota eliyiminyaka elisithandathu "iBhizinisi lokuprinta nokulahlwa koMsebenzi ophrintiweyo liya kuba phantsi koKhathalelo, uLawulo, kunye noLawulo lukaThomas Whitmarsh kunye neCandelo elisebenzayo elenziwa nguye okanye ngexabiso lakhe "I-Whitmarsh nayo iyanyanzelekile ukuba athenge izinto zakhe zokushicilela esuka eFranklin:" UThomas Whitmarsh akayi kuhamba ngexesha leCandelo loBambiswano olukhankanywe ngasentla kunye nezinye izinto zokuprinta ngaphandle kwezo zakwaBenjamin Franklin. "U-Whitmarsh wavuma umnqophiso ongeke abe nawo nayiphi na ishishini kodwa ushicilele, "... okanye ulandele nayiphi na enye ishishini kodwa ushicilelo ngexesha leXesha elikhankanywe ngalo, ngezinye izikhathi uMarch aid ngaphandle." Isivumelwano asizange sinyanzele nayiphi na yale miqobo eFranlin, ebalulekileyo ukuba UFranklin kwakufuneka angene kumalungiselelo afanayo kwenye indawo.
Ngethuba eli xesha uFranklin wayengumPhathi-Jikelele weeKoloni, okwenza ukuba alawulwe, kwizinga eliphezulu, ukwabiwa kweendaba kwiiColoni. Kuloo ndawo isikhundla samandla, uFranklin wangena kunye kunye nabanye abashicileli kuwo onke amaKoloni, kuquka uLouis Timothé (1733), uElizabeth Timothy (uTimothee), ongumhlolokazi kaLouis (1739), uPeter Timothy (uTimothee), unyana ka-Elizabeth (1747) ), UJames Parker (eNew York), uTomas Smith (Antigua), uBenjamin Mecom (Antigua), uJames Franklin Jr no-Ann Franklin (u-Newport, RI), uWilliam Dunlap (eLancaster, PA), uSamuel Holland (eLancaster, PA), UJohn Henry Miller (uLancaster, PA) noTomas Fleet (iBoston, MA), owapapasha iBoston Evening Post . UFranklin wamisela i-franchise eyongezelelweyo eNorth Carolina, eGeorgia, eDominica nase-Kingston, eJamaica. Kwakhona kukho iirekhodi zikaFranklin ezenza amalungiselelo afanayo eCanada naseBritani kwiminyaka yakhe emva.
Ngethuba lokuhlala kwakhe eFransi apho axoxisana ngokuphumelelayo nenxaxheba kweFransi kwiMfazwe yokuZimela, inxalenye enkulu yeholo likaFranklin yavela kumaketanga akhe athengisiweyo. Ngaphandle kwesiFrentshi, akukho nto iqinisekile yokuba akukho Merika namhlanje; kwaye ngaphandle kwemali engenayo eyenziwa yiFranklin kwi-franchising kwaye eyamxhasa iminyaka emininzi, ingxoxo ingenziwa ukuba kwakungekho yi-United States.
UFranklin wayengeyedwa ekusebenziseni i-franchising njengoko isizwe sethu sikhula. Kukho iingxelo ezininzi kwiimbali zorhwebo zaseMelika malunga nolwaseburhulumenteni kunye nolwalamano lwangaphambili lwezoshishino olubonakala lufana nelo xesha lokuthengisa imali. Ezi zibandakanya ilayisenisi kaRobert Fulton ye-steamboats yakhe e-United States, eNgilani, eRashiya, nase-Indiya, kunye neelayisenisi zokugcina izithuthi kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo zasemkhosini kunye neemarike ezithile ezithengisa imfuyo kunye neminye impahla ekunikezelwa kuyo indawo okanye amanye amalungelo.
Ukuchithwa kweeFransi kwi-Antiquity
Kuyo yonke imbali yayo ende, iminyango emithathu ibangele ukukhula kwe-franchising:
- Umnqweno wokwandisa nokulawula
- Imida kwimali yabantu kunye nezimali
- Isidingo sokunqoba imida emide
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-franchising kunokulandelwa kwandiswa kwecawa kwaye njengendlela yokuqala yolawulo loorhulumente, mhlawumbi ngaphambi koMinyaka eyiMinyaka. Abanye ababhali beembali-mlando babhale ukuba i-franchising ingabuyela eMbusweni wamaRoma okanye ngaphambilana, ingqiqo ecacileyo eyanikezelwa yimfuneko yokulawulwa kwemimandla emikhulu kunye nokungabikho kwezothutho kunye nokunxibelelana kwanamhlanje. Kwincwadi yakhe yeFranchising: I-How-To Book , uLloyd Tarbutton uhlawula i-franchise yefomula yokuqala kwiChina ngo-200 BC
Ukuchithwa kweeFransi kunye noFeudalism
Ukuchithwa kwe-Franchising kwakusetyenziswe eNgilani nakwiYurophu apho umhlaba wamazwe angamakhanda kunye nezinye iipropati kunye nokunika amalungelo omhlaba kubantu abanamandla kuquka necawa. Ukutshintshiselwa kwezibonelelo zemihlaba, iinduna kunye namagosa ecawa zafuneka ukuba zikhusele ummandla ngokumisela imikhosi kwaye zikhululekile ukubeka ii-tolls kwaye zenzele kwaye ziqokelele irhafu, inxalenye yayo eyahlawulwa kwiNkundla. Njengoko kwakuyinxalenye yoluntu, ukulawulwa kwelizwe linike amandla amakhulu kwaye kwakuyisiseko senkqubo ye-feudal apho iinduna zihlawulelwa iRawn for the rights to own and work the land, kunye neminye imisebenzi yezobugcisa kunye nezentengiso. Ngaloo ndlela, abahloniphekileyo bahlula umhlaba phakathi kwamafama asekuhlaleni okanye abaxhasi, abaye bahlawula loo lungelo ngokuqhelekileyo njengenxalenye yezityalo abazikhulayo okanye izilwanyana abazizingelayo. Le nkqubo yokulawulwa karhulumente yayiseNgilane kwaze kwaba yinto ekhishwe phantsi kwiBhunga laseTrent ngowe-1562.
UFranchising kunye noColonialism
Ngethuba lamathuba oqoqosho olwenziwa ngokufunyanwa kwehlabathi elitsha ngo-1492, kunye namathuba okurhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe asakhulayo, oorhulumente kunye neenkampani zangasese basebenzisa i-franchising ukunyusa nokulawula ukuhamba emide, ikakhulukazi e-Asia nase-Afrika.
Leyo yasungulwa ngo-1602 njenge-franchisee yeRiphabhlikhi yaseDutch ukuqhuba urhwebo phakathi kweCape of Good Hope kwicala elingasentla lase-Afrika kunye ne-Straits of Magellan ekupheleni kwezantsi eMzantsi Melika. Isitokisi senkampani yaxabiswa kuma-guilders angama-6.5 ngelo xesha. Ebenza phantse njengegunya elilawulayo, baqhubelela empumalanga ukusuka eKapa ukuya kuloo ngoku i-Indonesia, insimu eyanqobayo ukusuka kwisiPutukezi kunye nokumisela ikomkhulu eJakarta ngo-1619 njengesiseko sezorhwebo kunye neJapan.
Ngowe-1641 iNkampani yaseDutch East India yalwa neBrithani izame ukuphululela kwimisebenzi yesiphelo kwaye yajika ngasentshonalanga ukuba ihlolisise ihlabathi elitsha. Inkampani yenze inkonzo kaCaptain Henry Hudson, owayengumqeshwa we-English Muscovy Company, i-franchisee yoRhulumente waseBrithani. Ukufunyanwa kwe-Hudson yePedestast Passage kwanika amaDatshi amabango abo phezu kwe-Hudson Valley enyakatho yeNew York ukuya ku-Albany. Kodwa ngo-1799 ubutyebi babuphendulele kwiNkampani yaseDutch East India kwaye bafaka isicelo sokutyunjwa; zonke iimpahla zabo zithathwe yiRiphabhliki yaseDutch.
Ngo-1606, u-King James I waseNgilani wanikela i-charter ekhethekileyo kwiVirginia kwiLondon Company , eyayiqeshisa uCaptain Christopher Newport ukuzisa abahlali kwiVirginia baze bahlalise loo ndawo. Bahamba ngomkhumbi bevela eLondon ngoDisemba 1606 baza bahlaselwa ngo-Apreli 26, 1607. UCaptain John Smith waphumelela uKaputeni Newport ekulawuleni ukuhlala kweBritish yasekuqaleni kwihlabathi elitsha, elibizwa ngokuba yiJamestown. I-colony yayinzima kwaye, nangona iJamestown ngokwayo yayisindiswa ekubulaweni kwe-1622 eyayikhokelwa yiPowhatan Indian Confederacy, abahlali abangama-347 kwiindawo ezijikelezayo bebulewe-phantse kwisithathu sabantu abathetha isiNgesi. Ukuhlawula ukuphathwa kakubi yi-London Inkampani, ngo-1624 uKumkani uJames Ndaphula umthetho kwaye ndazisa uColony waseVirginia phantsi kolawulo oluseburhulumenteni lwaseBrithani. Ubuninzi bobukoloni kunye nokuhlolisiswa kwamandla eBritani naseYurophu kwihlabathi elitsha laqhutyelwa phantsi kohlobo olufanayo "lobudlelwane benkululeko."
Imvelaphi yokuFranka kweeNtengiso
I-franchising yezoshishino ezivela kwi-18 leminyaka yeLondon, apho i-brewery shishini isebenzisa "inkqubo yokubopha indlu" ukudala inkqubo yokunikezela ngokwehla kwemveliso yayo. Ukutshintshisiswa ngoncedo lwezemali kwiingcawa, abanikazi bamatye bavuma ukuthenga yonke ibhiya kunye ne-ale kwimveliso yokuxhasa. Ukusetyenziswa kancinci akuzange kusebenze naluphi na ulawulo phezu kwemisebenzi yemihla yokuhlalisa ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuthenga yedwa. "Inkqubo yendlu eboshweyo" iyaqhubeka namhlanje e-UK kwaye iyafana nesakhiwo sentsebenziswano esetyenziswa nguBenjamin Franklin kwiiColoni; Kwakhona kufana ne-Traditional or Product and Trade Name franchising e-United States namhlanje.
Ukuthuthwa kweThutho lokuThuthukiswa kweeFransi
Phakathi kwe-1800s, ukunyuswa komzila kunye nokuhamba kwabantu baseMelika kwaphefumlela ukusekwa kweevenkile zokutyela. IsiNgesi ogama linguFrederick Henry Harvey wasungula isitya sokuqala sokutyela e-United States malunga ne-1850. Nangona ivenkile yakhe yokuqala yahluleka ngexesha leMfazwe yoLuntu, uHarvey wavula iindawo zokutyela zokuqala zeHarvey House ngo-1876 kwisigxina saseAtchison, iTeekaa neSanta Fe Uliwe. Umzila wawufuna ukuvula ii-depot zokutya kubagibeli bawo, kwaye wanika uHarvey indawo kunye nokuthuthwa kwamahhala kwendawo yokutya. Ngo-1887, kwakukho indawo yokudlela yaseHarvey House ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu angama-12 000-Atchison-long-long-length, e-Topeka, ne-Santa Fe. UHarvey wayekholelwa kakhulu ekulawuleni umgangatho, ukutyelela rhoqo kwiindawo zokutyela, kwaye unikezela ngeenkonzo ezinjengezo ezisetyenzisiweyo namhlanje ngabaqhubi bama-franchise. Ikhefu leHarvey House laliyimpahla yenkampani, kodwa ezininzi zezifundo ezifundwe nguHarvey zaba yinxalenye yenkqubo efanelekileyo yokuchithwa kwemali esikwaziyo namhlanje.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, indleko ephezulu yokuthutha umkhiqizo ogqityiweyo kwiibhotile zeglasi zazigcina i-soft drink bottling kwi-industry. I-syrup yokuthumela i-franchisees, kwaye idinga ukuba i-franchise yengingqi ibhotile phantsi kweefomula ezichanekileyo kunye neenkqubo, abavelisi bokuphuza abancinci njengeCoca Cola bakwazi ukulawula umgangatho wemveliso yabo kwiimarike ezikude kunye nokwandisa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwenkunzi yokuba uphuhliso lweenkampani bekuya kufuna. AmaFranchisees afumane amalungelo asebenzise i-Coca-Cola ifom kunye negama lebalulekileyo lezorhwebo, kwaye iibhotile zakwazi ukunqoba imicimbi yokuthutha eyayiye yancinci ukukhula kwayo. Ngo-1901, iCoca-Cola yakhupha i-franchise yokuqala kwi-Georgia Coca-Cola Bottling Inkampani.
Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ukuqhubela phambili kweemoto kwaphefumlela enye yokutya ezintsha: i-drive-in yokutyela. Ngowe-1919 uRoy Allen wathenga i-formula ye-berry yayo iresiphi evela kwi-pharmist waza wavula ukuma kwakhe kokuqala eLodi, eCalifornia. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva uAllen waqala ukugqithisa ibhiya yakhe, waza wadibana noBrank Wright, udibanisa iitalente zabo (kunye nama-initials) ukuqala ukuvelisa i- A & W Root Beer ngo-1922.
Ngowe-1923, u-Allen noWright bavula i-A & W yokuqala yokutyela yokutya, ukudala inkqubo yokuqala yelizwe lokuthengisa iindwendwe. Ukuxhaswa kwemali eyinkunzi yokwandisa, u-Allen wathenga uFrank Wright ngo-1924 waza waqala ukugqithisa i- A & W. I-A & W zokutyela zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezinokubambisana neenqwelo-moto ezinikezwa "yi-tray-boys,
Ukubonelela ngenkonzo yokuloba kunye ne-hamburger entsha ephekwe kwi-anyanisi, uBilly Ingram noWalter Anderson bavula i- White Castle yokuqala-drive ngo-1921 eWichita, eKansas. Inqaba yaseMhlophe ivela kwimigangatho emininzi yoshishini lokutya kwangoko, ngokukodwa ekusebenziseni ukuthengiswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwexabiso, ukukhutshwa kwiphakheji ukuze kugcinwe ukufudumala kokutya, kunye ne-napkin ephepheni.
Kwakhona ngee-1920, uHoward Dearing Johnson wathola ikhemishi eQuincy, eMassachusetts waza waqala ukuthengisa iintlanzi ezintathu ze-ayisikrimu kunye nemenyu encinci yezinto eziphekiweyo kwiindawo zokudlela ze- Howard Johnson . U-Howard Johnson wanikezela i-franchise yakhe yokuqala kuReginald Sprague ngowe-1935, kwaye ngaphezu kweminyaka iwandise imenyu yayo ibe ne-flavour 28 ye-ice cream. Ukuphuhlisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokuhamba kunye nophahla lwama-orange kunye nezibonakaliso ze-pylon ezithwele igama kunye ne-logo, inkampani iqinisekise isivumelwano sokuqala sokujika kwi-Pennsylvania Turnpike.
Uninzi lweetyathanga ezigqityiweyo zaqala ukuqhutyelwa umsebenzi ogqithisileyo kule minyaka emithathu elandelayo, kuquka iKentucky Fried Chicken (1930); ICarlvel (1934); U-Arthur Murray Dance Studio (1938); I-Queen Queen (1940); UDuraclean (1943); UDunkin Donuts (1950); I-Burger King (1954); McDonald's (1955); kunye ne -International House of Pancakes (1958). Iimbali zale ngcamango yokuqala yoovulindlela sele isiseko seencwadi ezininzi kwiminyaka, kwaye izifundo ezifundiweyo zibonakala kwiinkonzo ezininzi zokutya ezalandela.
Ngelixa i-innovations yeyona ndlela yokuqala yamaphayona asekuhlaleni iqhuba i-franchising namhlanje, yayiyimveliso yezimoto kwiminyaka ye-1900 kunye nokunyuka kwelizwe elikhulayo elenza ithuba kunye nesidingo sale mizila yokutyela yokuqala.
Izinto ezenziweyo kunye neFranchising Services
I-franchises yokuqala yokungabikho kokutya yayiyibudlelwane apho abavelisi bamisela ukuthengiswa kweelayisenisi kunye neendawo zokuncedisa iimpahla zabo ezenziwe nge-franchising. Oku kuya kubonakala kwi- McCormack Harvesting Machine Company , kumlinganiselo omncinci kwiirons zeHarper Method, kwaye kamva kwi-franchise yezimoto kunye neoli.
I-American Industrial Revolution yaletha ukuveliswa kwempahla yabathengi, ukukhupha iimfuno zabathengi kunye nesidingo sokuthengisa nokusabalalisa iimveliso ngokuchanekileyo kunye neendleko ngokubanzi kwimimandla emikhulu. Izindlela ezininzi zokuthengiswa nokusabalalisa zazityalwa ngaphambi kokuthengiswa kwemali, kuquka ukuthengiswa kweefayili ngqo, ukuthengisa ngeendawo ezingekho phantsi kwegama, njengee-pharmacy, i-imeyile ngqo, kunye nabathengisi abahambahambayo. Nangona zonke ezi ndlela zingenakwanela ukufezekisa iimfuno zokusabalalisa ezantsi kwamanzi abenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwabameli beendawo zentengiso kubonakele kakhulu. Inkampani yeSewing Machine Sewing, ngelixa ingagqithwanga, iqeshwe indlela yolawulo lwengingqi ngaphakathi kweofisi ezinenkampani ukwenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi indawo nganye yayingumphathi wendawo.
Uninzi lwabaninzi bama-franchisors babe ngabavelisi; ezinye, njengeHarper Method kunye neRexall, zazikho iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiinkonzo. Ngomnyaka we-1902, uLouis Liggett wabumba inzentsebenziswano yokuvelisa phakathi kwama-40 ezityebileyo ezitolo zezilwanyana, elowo utyalomali i-$ 4,000 ukuqala ukusebenzisana kokuvelisa kwe- Rexall Store Drug Store . Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, i-Rexall yokubambisana iqalile ukuthengisa iindawo zokuthengisa ezizimeleyo ngaphantsi kwegama le-Rexall yokurhweba, ukubonelela ngee-franchisees ngemikhiqizo ye-Rexall. Inkonzo eyintloko eyenziwa nguRexall njenge-franchisor yayiyikhono layo lokwenza izinto ngokufanelekileyo nokusabalalisa iimveliso ze-franchise, kungekhona amandla okuthengisa imveliso eyenziwe yinkampani.
I-General Motors ithengisa i-franchise yayo yokuqala ngo-1898 kuWilliam E. Metzger waseDetroit. I-Ford Motorcars yaqala ukuthengiswa ngo-1903. Ngokukhetha ama-franchisees kunye nokubonelela ngemimandla ekhethekileyo, abakhiqizi bezinto ezinzima ezifana neGeneral Motors kunye neFransi bakwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso zabo ukuba bathengise ngokufanelekileyo, ngokufanelekileyo, nangaphezulu kwemimandla emide. Iinkampani ze-oyile zakhawuleza zilandela i-suit, zamisa izitishi zegesi ezichithwe kwi-United States ukuze zisebenzise inani elikhulayo lezithuthi zangaphakathi. U-Hertz waqalisa ukuqasha imoto ye-franchising ngo-1925; I-Avis ngo-1946.
Enye yezinto ezinzulu kakhulu ekuthengiseni i-franchising yafika ngo-1909 ngokusungulwa kwe-franchise yeNtshona Auto Supply Company . Kuze kube lelo xesha, i-franchise yemveliso yafuna i-franchisees namava oshishino kwaye, ngaphandle kokuba unikezelwe ngemveliso yegama, ayizange inikezele nayiphi na inkonzo enxulumene nezoshishino. Ngethuba sithembele ekuthengisweni kwemveliso kwii-franchisees kunokuba zihlawulwe kwiintengiso, i-Western Auto, efana neHarper, inikezele nge-franchisees zayo ezininzi iinkonzo ezifanayo nabaxhasi basesikweni banamhlanje: ukukhethwa kwendawo kunye nophuhliso, ukuqeqeshwa ngeevenkile, ukuthengiswa kwempahla, ukuthengisa uncedo, kunye nezinye iinkonzo eziqhubekayo. I-Western Auto nayo yafuna i-franchisees ngaphandle kwamava oshishino, njengabaninzi bama-franchise namhlanje.
Imfazwe emva kweMfazwe yesiXhosa iFranchising Boom
Ngoxa i-franchising ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ukukhula okuqhoqhokisayo kwakungekho kwada kwade emva kwemfazwe. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwemali kwavela njengamandla okubamba amandla oqoqosho emva kwemfazwe yama-1950, ukusetyenziswa kweemfuno zabathengi, ama-franchisees atholakalayo, iingcamango ezivela kubadlali bezilwanyana ezibuyiselwayo, kunye nenkunzi ehlawulwa ngokuhlawula kunye ne-GI bill. Ukukhula kwe-franchising kwaqhubela phambili ngo-1946 ukumiselwa koMthetho we-Federal Lanham (iTyala lokuThengisa) owenzela ukuba abanini bepropati bakwazi ukungena ngokukhuselekileyo kwiilayisenisi kunye nabantu abathathu-kubalulekile kwi-franchising yanamhlanje. Emva kokuba abashishini abanokuthi bathembele kwilayisenisi yepropati yengqondo, abantu abaninzi baye baqalisa ukunikela kunye nokutyalomali kwiimali zokuthengwa kwemali.
Ngama-1950 kunye no-1960, ukugqithiswa kwe-franchising kwafezekisa ubungqina obukhulu becala. AmaFranchisor of goods convenience and services wanda kulo lonke iUnited States, kuquka i-aftermarket yezimoto ( Midas Muffler no- Lee Myles ), iihotele (iHholiday Inn ne- Sheraton ), i-ice cream kunye nokuphatha (i- Queen milk , i- Tastee Freeze ne- Orange Julius ) 7-Elineshumi elinanye ), iimveliso ( uRoto-Rooter ), iinkonzo zobungcali ( abasebenzi baseDunhill , iMbono yePerarle kunye ne- H & R Block ), kunye nokuhlamba kunye nokucoca ( drying ).
URichard noMaurice McDonald baqala ukukhwela ngemali ngo-1952, bathengisa i-franchise yabo yokuqala ku-Neil Fox, umthengisi Jikelele wePetroleum ogunyazisiweyo ePhoenix, eArizona wavulwa ngo-1953. I-franchise yabo yesibili yayingumlingani uRoger Williams kunye no "Bud" Landon, owavula i-Downy, eCalifornia Kwakhona ngo-1953. Ngaphambi kowe-1954 uRay Kroc wayenelungelo lokuthengisa i- McDonald ngaphandle kweemarike ezithile eCalifornia nase-Arizona ukusuka kubazalwana bakaMcDonald ngokutshintshela i-½ ye-1% yokuthengiswa kwexabiso, kwaye yakha i-McDonald's Corporation. Ngama-1958, ngaphezu kweevenkile zokudlela kunye ne-franchise zabazalwana bakaMcDonald, kwakukho i-34 McDonald's restaurants. Ekupheleni konyaka we-1959, ikhonkco yayikhulile i-102 zokutya. URay Kroc wathenga abazalwana bakaMcDonald ngo-1961. Ngo-1965, xa behamba esidlangalaleni, kwakukho indawo ezili-1000. Isitotyi sivulwe ngaloo mini ngo-22½, savalwa ngomhla we-30, savalwa ngenyanga yokuqala ngo-50. Ngexesha elifanayo leminyaka elishumi, iMateas Muffler kaNate Sherman uye yanda kwiindawo ezingama-400, i-Kemmons Wilson yeHholiday Inn yahlala kwiindawo ezili-1000, kwaye Ixabiso lentengo yeBhajethi yeJules Lederer I-Car ivule i-franchise yabo ye-500.
Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kokuthengiswa kwemali akuzange kufike ngaphandle kweengxaki. Ngesiqingatha sokugqibela sama-1960, i-bloom yayishiye i-rose: abaninzi abanama-franchisors babegxininise ngakumbi ekuthengiseni i-franchises kuneendlela zokusebenza ze-franchise zomsindo kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zabo kwii-franchisees zabo. Abaninzi bama-franchisor ngeli xesha babesenza kakubi kwizithembiso ababezisebenzisayo ukukhangela ama-franchisees; ezinye zisekelwe kwimigudu yabo yokuthengisa ekusebenziseni amagama adumile kunye nokuvumela; kwaye ezininzi zale nkqubo ye-franchise yahluleka. Abanye baze bathengisa ama-franchises ngenxa yeengcamango ezingekho.
Imigaqo yeFranchise kunye noMthetho weFTC
Ngaphandle kweengxaki ze-50s, i-60s, kunye nee-70s, imimiselo yokuthengiswa kwemali-mboleko yaqala ukuvela. Ukususela ngo-1968 ngokumiselwa kwemithetho yokudalula eCalifornia, amazwe ahlukeneyo amisela imithetho ehambisa ukunikezelwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-franchises. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mithetho ifuna i-franchiseor ukuba inikezele kwi-franchisee, ngaphambi kokuthengiswa, uxwebhu lokunika ulwazi olunikezela ngolwazi oluchanekileyo ngeli thuba. Kwaye kwaze kwaba sehlobo lowe-1979 ukuba i-United States Federal Trade Commission ikhuphe i-Federal Trade Commission ye-Règlement Rule Regulations kwi-Franchises kunye ne-Business Opportunity Opportunity (i-FTC Rule), eyayidinga ama-franchise e-United States ukulungiselela iSetyhula yokuThengisa kwangaphambili. kunye nokumiselwa kwemfuneko yokubhengeza ubuncinane kwiUnited States.
Ukuvela komgaqo wokubhengezwa kwangaphambi kokuthengiswa ngenye yezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuphumelela ukuthengiswa kwemali e-United States. Nangona kusekho ukuxhatshazwa kwintsebenziswano ye-franchise, kwaye mhlawumbi kuya kuba njalo, imiba eqhelekileyo phakathi kwama-franchise nee-franchisees ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo ziko ekulawuleni ubudlelwane, kwaye ngaphantsi kwindlela u-franchise owenziwe ngayo.
Ukulandelela i-franchising ibonisa ukuhluka phakathi kwembali kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Imbali ngamaxwebhu okwenzekile ngaphambili kwaye ayisekho. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kukulandelwa kwezinto eziqhubekayo eziye zatshintsha ngokuqhubekayo kwiminyaka kwaye zihlala ziguqula ifom yangoku kunye nekamva elizayo. Akukho mntu unokungathandabuzekiyo yokuba ukuguqulwa kwe-franchising kuye kwaba yinguqulelo lwangempela yeengcamango, iingcamango zezoshishino kunye nenkqubo yoqoqosho yonke.
Ukuziphendukela kwemali ye-franchising yanamhlanje, eyenziwe ngamashishini amasha kunye noovulindlela abaye bahokela, kuyindaba evuyisayo ngokwayo. Ixesha elizayo, lixhotyiswe ngamacandelo amatsha angacatshangwanga, amatsha amashishini amasha, kunye nokwandiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe, uthembisa ukongeza izahluko ezinamandla kwi-adventure eqhubekayo kunye neyokhula.
Elinye inqaku lokuvala ngelixa elizayo, nangona kunjalo. KuMntu Owonakalisayo, i-movie ekhishwe ngo-1993, uSyvester Stallone, ivusela phakathi kwekhulu lama-21 ukusuka ebuthongweni be-cryogenic kwaye ithathwa "kwindawo yokudlela egqibeleleyo" yokutya. Njengoko imoto egibela ekutsaleni kwivenkile yokutyela, ikhamera ibonisa uphawu oluthi - iTaco Bell. Ubume bukaStallone, umkhiqizo wee-1980s, uyamangalisa kwaye abuze, "Taco Bell, ndacinga ukuba siya kwindawo yokutyela enkulu. Ngaba le yimpazamo?" Umqhubi wakhe uphendula wathi, "Akunjalo nhlobo. Ekubeni iimfazwe ezinkulu, zonke iivenkile ziyiTaco Bell."