Udliwano-ndlebe noKaren Kerrigan, umongameli kunye ne-CEO, i-SBE Council (Inxalenye I ye-II)
UKaren Kerrigan ungumongameli kunye ne-CEO yeBhunga elincinci kunye neBhunga loShishino (iSBE Council) kwaye ngummeli ongenamandla kubanini bamashishini abancinci. Ngoku kutshatyalaliswa kwiNgxelo yeNdlu ye-White House kwi-Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) ebanjwe DC DC. 18. Ndiyazi kwaye ndamnceda uKaren iminyaka kwaye ndiyamangaliswa ukuba uyifumana njani ixesha namandla okwenza zonke izinto yenza ngokukhawuleza (bhekisa kwi-bio yayo).
Ndandihlonipha xa wayithatha ixesha elixakekileyo lokuthetha naye nge-TPP, ukuba uya kubazuzisa njani abanikazi bamashishini abancinci kwaye xa isivumelwano siya kusebenza. Nantsi inkcazo yodliwano-ndlebe yethu - inxalenye yeengxoxo ezimbini zengxenye.
ULaurel Delaney: Yintoni eya kuthiwa yi-TPP kubanini bamashishini amancinci?
UKaren Kerrigan : I-TPP ivula amathuba amatsha emakethe amashishini amancinci aseMerika kunye nabashishini kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe angaphandle angaphandle kwesivumelwano. La mazwe - iAustralia, iBranei Darussalam, eCanada, iChile, iJapan, iMalaysia, iMexico, iNew Zealand, iPeru, iSingapore kunye neVietnam - ingxelo ye-40 ekhulwini ye-GDP yomhlaba wonke kwaye idibanisa iintlanga eziphuhlisiwe nezikhulayo. Yona mvumelwano enkulu yezona zorhwebo kwaye zinzulu kakhulu. Izivumelwano zorhwebo ngohlobo lwazo zithintela izithintelo kwiimarike, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo i-TPP ifezekisa oko kunye nokunye. Ngokomzekelo, i-TPP yiyesivumelwano sokuqala sokurhweba esicacisayo ukuba ifuna iintlanga ezithatha inxaxheba ukubonelela ngoncedo lobuchwepheshe kunye neefowuni zewebhu kubanini abashishini abancinci ukuba bancede bahambe kwiimarike ze-TPP.
Iintlobo ezintlanu eziphezulu, ngoluvo lwam, zi:
1 . Ukunciphisa nokunciphisa iirhafu ezingama-18,000 ezibekwe kwii-US zangaphandle. Oku kubandakanya ukucinywa kwemirhumo kwizinto zonke ezivelisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, iinjoni zeenqwelo kunye neengxenye ezijongene nokufikelela kumaxabiso angama-70 eepesenti, kunye nemishini yokwakha ephakamileyo ibe ngamaphesenti angama-60.
Iirhafu zebhiya ezenziwe e-US ziya kuhlaselwa kwiirhafu eziphakamileyo njengama-47 ekhulwini kwamanye amazwe asePPP. Ezi ntlawulo - okanye irhafu - ngumqobo omkhulu ekungeneni kwemarike. Ukongeza, i-US ayifaki ukuhlawula iintlawulo ezahlukeneyo kwiimpahla ezingenisa apha, ngoko i-TPP yenza inkundla yokudlala emncinci kumashishini amancinci aseMelika. Ukususela kumazwe e-TPP njengeqela "yiyona nto imveliso enkulu kunye neenkonzo zokuthumela ngaphandle kweUnited States," ngokweofisi ye-United States Representative Trade (USTR), ukunciphisa intlawulo kunye nokuqedwa kuya kuba yintlawulo ebalulekileyo yerhafu kwiimashishini zase-US.
2. Ukunciphisa ubunzima bokulawula. Ukubambisana okulawulayo phakathi kweentlanga ze-TPP kuya kunceda ekunciphiseni ingozi kunye neendleko zokwenza ibhizinisi ngaphandle kwamashishini amancinci. Ukunyusa ukuphathwa kwamasiko kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwezorhwebo kuya kunceda amashishini amancinci athathe iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kwiimarike-okanye abathengi babo - ngokukhawuleza, oku kuthetha iindleko ezinciphileyo, ukuhlawulwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuhamba kwemali enokukhawuleza kunye nokuqinisekiseka okukhulu ngokuqhuba ishishini kwiimarike ze-TPP.
3. Ukukhuselwa kwepropati (IP). Amazwe e-TPP aya kufuneka ukuba aqinise okanye aphunyeze iiprogram ze-IP ezenza kube lula kumashishini amancinci ukuba abhalise iimpawu zabo zoshishini, amalungelo abenzi, amalungelo okukhuphela, iimfihlo zorhwebo kunye nezinye iifom ze-IP.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kufuneka iinkqubo ezinyanzelisiweyo zokuthotyelwa kwamanye amazwe ePPP. Amashishini amancinci, ubusela be-IP kunye neendleko ezibandakanyekayo ekukhuseleni IP ngumngcipheko omkhulu kunye nomqobo wokuhamba jikelele. Ukuqiniswa kwe-IP kunye nokuphakamisa imigangatho kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zamashishini amancinci aphethwe ngenxa yokwesaba ukweba okanye ukuphulwa.
4. Ukuphuculwa koRhwebi loMbane. Isivumelwano sijongene neenkxalabo ze-e-commerce kunye nemingcipheko, eya kuphucula kakhulu amathuba amashishini amancinci ukuba enze ishishini kula mazwe. I-TPP ikhuthaza iinkqubo ze-intanethi ezivulekileyo, kwaye amazwe akakwazi ukuvimba iiwebhusayithi zeenkampani ezinokukhuphisana namashishini abo. Amazwe e-TPP akanakufuna ukuba iinkampani zenze amaziko eenkcukacha njengemeko yokwenza ibhizinisi kula mazwe, kwaye isivumelwano siyakuvimbela imisebenzi yamasiko kwi-e-transmissions-ngokomzekelo, kwiinkonzo zesoftware kunye nezinye iimveliso zedijithali.
Le miqathango inciphisa indleko yokwenza ishishini, ukuphucula ukufikelela kwiimarike nokuvumela amashishini amancinci asebenzisa iiplatifthi zokuthengisa izinto kunye neenkonzo-ngokomzekelo, kwi-ETSY yokufikelela kukhuphiswano kwiimarike ze-TPP.
Uncedo lwaBashishini abancinci.
Iintlanga ze-TPP zifunekayo ngamnye ukuphuhlisa iiwebhusayithi ezinikezelwe ekuncediseni amashishini amancinci ukuba aqonde isivumelwano ngokuphathelele ukufikelela kwiimarike zabo. Ngokutsho kwe-USTR ezi ntanethi zewebhu ziza kunika ulwazi olufikelelekayo kwi-TPP kunye neendlela ezincinane ezinokuthi zisebenzise, kufaka phakathi iinkcazo ze-TPP ezichaphazelekayo kumashishini amancinci naphakathi; imimiselo nemigaqo malunga namalungelo epropati yengqondo; imithetho yokutsalwa kwemali; inkqubo zo bhaliso; migaqo yomsebenzi; nolwazi lwerhafu. "Ukulungelelanisa ukufikelela kolwazi kunye noncedo lobuchwepheshe londoloza ixesha kunye neendleko zoshishini. Ezi zixhobo zifunwa ukuba "zisebenzise umsebenzisi" kwaye zingaba yinkonzo enempumelelo kumashishini amancinci amashishini omhlaba wonke, okanye abo banemibuzo malunga nokuqhuba ishishini kwiimarike ezithile ze-TPP.
I-LD: Liza kusebenza nini i-TPP?
KK: Konke kuxhomekeka xa ukuphunyezwa komthetho kuqaliswa kwiNdlu kunye neSeti, kwaye xa amanye amazwe evuma i-deal ngokusebenzisa iindlela zabo zomthetho. Emva kokuba i-US Congress iqalise ibhajethi yokuphumeza ye-TPP (akukho mhla wokugqibela weli nyathelo), umgca wexesha kunye nexesha elidlulileyo likhutshwa.
Yilokho esikwaziyo ngoku: UMongameli Obama wazisa iCongress ngoNovemba 5 ukuba uzimisele ukusayina i-TPP. Oku kubangele ixesha lokuhlaziywa kweentsuku ezingama-90 zesicatshulwa sesivumelwano, oko kuthetha ukuba uMongameli uza kusayina i-TPP ngoFebruwari 2016. Ukuba kunye nexesha leNkundla yeNdlu kunye neSeti yeefayili kumqondiso wesigqibo sikaMongameli, umhla wokugqibela wamavoti uqala emva kweentsuku ezingama-45 emva kokuba ibhilidi iyaziswa. IKomiti yeNdlela neNdlela iya kuvota ngomhla okanye phambi komhla wama-45, kwaye iNdlu epheleleyo ineentsuku ezili-15 zokuvota kulo mthetho-mthetho. Umthetho uhambela kwi-Senate apho iKomidi yezeMali ineentsuku ezili-15 zokuvota kwilwayo, lilandelwa elinye ixesha eli-15 livoti epheleleyo yeSenate.
Siza kubona indlela uphuhliso lwezopolitiko zonyaka-mbandela. INdlu yeNdlu izimisele ngokupheleleyo ukuhambisa iTPP kunyaka wokugqibela kukaMongameli kwi-ofisi. Nolwazi olutshandayo olusandula lukhunjulwe ukususela kuDkt. Sheng Lu, kwiSebe leMfashoni kunye ne-Apparel Studies, kwiYunivesithi yaseDelaware: "[ukususela ngo-1985, iSivumelwano samaRhwebo samaHlani akwa-US, u-1985]. isivumelwano (i-FTA) e-United States iinyanga ezingama-25.5 (ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-2). Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngo-2006 ixesha eliqhelekileyo lag liye landa kwiinyanga ezingama-48.8 (malunga ne-4 iminyaka). "(Umthombo)
UKaren Kerrigan ungumongameli kunye ne-CEO yeBhunga elincinci kunye neBhunga loShishino (iSBE Council). Le ngxenye yokugqibela yodliwano-ndlebe lwamaqela amabini apho uthetha ngebali elincinci lempumelelo yezoshishino kunye nezinye iindlela ze-TPP ziza kukhulisa ishishini kubaxhasi. Ukuba unomtsha kwi-TPP, ungaziqonda ngesivumelwano apha.
ULaurel Delaney: Unokunika umzekelo othile womnini-shishini lomncinci olindele ngokugqithiseleyo ukudlula kwi-TPP kuba kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kumsebenzi wakhe wamazwe ngamazwe?
UKaren Kerrigan: Njengoko kuphawuliwe kwinqaku elitsha, abenzi abancinci abenzi beCobalt Enterprises (eqalise kwigaraji) e-Washington state balindele ngokulangazelela isivumelwano se-TPP. Iya kunciphisa izithintelo kwaye ivelise umsebenzi omningi. Iinkampani ezisesebenzayo kwimarike yehlabathi jikelele njengenxalenye yenkxaso-mboleko, njengeCobalt, iyaqonda ukuba inkulu enkulu yokukhula kwamashishini abo. Amashishini amancinci kwinqanaba lokutya kunye nezolimo aphinde abone amathuba amakhulu okufumana inzuzo, kungekhona nje ngokuba iirhafu ezikhoyo ezikhoyo ziyindleko zangempela kumashishini abo (kwaye baya kufumana irhafu ngokukhawuleza), kodwa ukukhula kwenkomo yenkomo, iinkukhu kunye neengulube zokuthumela ngaphandle. Icandelo lezolimo lilawulwa ngamashishini amancinci. Iinkampani zokutya ezikhethekileyo - kwakhona iinkampani ezincinci zorhwebo-yibona izuze kakhulu, ngokukodwa njengoko amanyathelo okufikelela emakethe aqhelekileyo azaliswe ngamalungiselelo e-yorhwebo, evumela ukuba iiwebhusayithi zivele zihlala kumazwe asePPP. Kucacile ukuba oku kukugqibela kuzo zonke iinkampani ezincinci ezinokungena kwi-e-commerce.
I-LD: Ngaba i-TPP iya kuthintela kuphela iimveliso zithengiswa ngaphandle okanye iza kuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweenkonzo zithuthunyiswa?
KK: Ewe, urhwebo luya kukhululeka kule ndawo. Akukho lizwe le-TPP elinokumisela izithintelo ezithintekayo, kufuna iinkampani ezithile zomthetho okanye iinkampani ezidibeneyo okanye ubukho bendawo (ukuseka iiofisi kumazwe e-TPP.) Kwimimandla yesevisi yezemali, umzekelo, ababoneleli akudingeki ukuba baqalise ukusebenza kwelizwe. Iinkampani zezimali zangaphandle zikwabonelela ngeenkonzo ezintsha kunye ezintsha ukuba iinkampani zasekhaya zivunyelwe ukwenza njalo.
I-LD: Ipropati yengqondo iya kukhuselwa njani phantsi kwe-TPP?
KK: Kwamanye amazwe asePPP, okwangoku kunzima kakhulu kwaye kubiza ukubhalisa i-IP kwaye uyayikhusela ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukuzibophezela ekukhuseleni i-IP akunamandla okanye kuthatyathwa ngokungathandekiyo njengabanye. Ngokucacileyo, amaninzi amashishini amancinci ayesaba ukwenza ishishini phesheya ngenxa yokubiwa kwe-IP kunye neendleko ezinkulu ezibandakanyeka ekukhuseleni i-IP. Wonke amazwe e-TPP kufuneka ayenze lula inkqubo yokubhalisa amalungelo, amashishini, iimpawu zokuthengisa kunye neemfihlo zorhwebo, kubandakanywa izikhuselo zokulwa ne-cyber. Amazwe e-TPP azinikele ngokuzimisela ukuthotyelwa. Oku kuquka iinkqubo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezigwebo ezinamandla - kubandakanywa nezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho.
I-LD: Amazwe ayingxenye ye-TPP enenjongo yokubonelela nge-teknoloji ukuba bazi njani abanikazi bamashishini abancinci ukuba bakwazi ukwenza ishishini kwimarike yabo lula. Oku kuya kuvela njani?
KK: Ndiyakholwa ukuba amanye amazwe aya kwenza oku bhetele kunabanye ekuqaleni. Xa amazwe asungula ii-portals zabo zewebhu kunye nezixhobo ezithile zelizwe, kuya kuvela iindlela ezilungileyo eziza kunceda ukubamba iintlanga ze-TPP ngokuphendula kwabo kwiindawo zabo zokuzibophezela. Esinye isiqakatheke esibalulekileyo siyimfuneko yokuphononongwa ngokuthe rhoqo kwindlela i-TPP isebenza ngayo amashishini amancinci. Kuza kuba nebhunga elikhethekileyo okanye ikomiti equlunqwe njengenxalenye yesikhokelo se-TPP umsebenzi wayo uza kufumana impendulo kunye neengcamango ezisuka kuluntu lwamashishini amancinci ukuphucula indlela isivumelwano esinokusebenza ngayo ngcono, nokuqinisa ukuzinikela kwelizwe ngalinye ekuncediseni abasomashishini ukuba bafikelele kwiimarike zabo.
I-LD: Ngaphandle kwamanini-shishini, yiziphi iimashishini (umzekelo, izinto zokusebenza, iibhanki, abanikezeli bezothutho) baya kumela ukuzuza kuninzi kwinqanaba le-TPP?
KK: Imikhosi yonke yamashishini kumaqela amaninzi aya kuzuza kwi-TPP. Kwiinkalo eziye zavalwa ngempumelelo kule marike ngenxa yamanani aphezulu, aphindaphindiweyo (18,000 kuzo zonke), isivumelwano sivula umnyango wokufikelela nokukhuphisana. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthengiswa kwe-US kunye nokuthengiswa kwezolimo kwafikelela kwi-585 billion zamazwe kwi-TPP. Kwakhona, ukunciphisa intlawulo kunye nokunciphisa kuya kuba lukhulu kakhulu kubavelisi abancinane bokutya kunye namafama asithumela ngaphandle okanye afisa ukuthumela ngaphandle. I-Japan , umzekelo, ibeka iintlawulo eziphezulu njengama-11,9 ekhulwini kwiinqwelo ezintshontsho kunye neqhoqho zeenkukhu, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziya kugqitywa. Ukususela ekutya ukuya kwifestile, iingubo zokunxibelelana, ukusetyenziswa kweebhanki kwiibhiya, ukuvelisa kwi-software-amashishini amaninzi aya kuzuza.
I-LD: Iphi apho abanikazi bamashishini abancinane banokufumana ulwazi oluninzi kwi-TPP?
KK: I-USTR iye yaphuhlisa i-portal yolwazi oluhle kwi-TPP. Ngoxa unako ukufunda yonke isivumelwano se-TPP kwi-Intanethi, i-USTR inikezela isishwankathelo kwisahluko ngasinye (kubandakanya iinzuzo zoshishini elincinci, kunye neSahluko 24, iSahluko seShishini esincinci.)
Abanini-shishino nabanini bamashishini abancinci banokubhengeza ibhenkethi yeBusiness Small & Entrepreneurhip website okanye babhalisele i-e-newsletter yethu njengoko siza kubonelela ngokuqhubekayo ngokuqhubekayo kwe-TPP, kunye nophuhliso olutsha kunye nolwazi ngamathuba amashishini amancinci.