Ngaba Uguqula Uvelwano okanye Ukhuphe?
Nangona kuninzi ukuyixabisa xa kuziwa kubantu abanika izizathu ezilungileyo, ezifana nokuba yi-altruism mhlawumbi bangenasisiseko, kwaye ukuba isikhungo sethu somvuzo sifaneka xa sinikela, into esilindele ukuba abaxhasi beengxowa-mali bahlale besona.
I-neuroscience, eqinisweni, ifumene ukuba kukho uhlangothi olumnyama kwi-altruism yethu.
Ngamanye amaxesha asiyikubangela izizathu eziphosakeleyo, okanye asiboneleli ngokubanzi.
Ingxaki ibonakala yomelele kakhulu xa sicelwa ukuba sinike abantu abaninzi abakude, kwimeko enzima kakhulu. Okanye xa intshaba ethile ayikho enkulu ngokwaneleyo okanye inkulu ngokwaneleyo.
Abantu babesoloko bethatha inxaxheba ebusweni be-genocide ngaphesheya kwehlabathi, okanye kunciphisa intlupheko esondayo echaphazela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabantu behlabathi. Sinokukungaziboni loo mkhukula ohamba ngokukhawuleza kwilizwe eliphuhlisayo kodwa usabela ngokukhawuleza xa inyikimazi eseduze ibulala amakhulu amabini abantu.
Uphando luye lwabonisa ezinye iinguqu ezimangalisayo kunye namabala angaboniyo ngokuziphatha kwethu.
Umculi wePeter, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nomlobi we -Life Ubungayisindisa , uye wachaza ezininzi kwiincwadi zakhe malunga nentlupheko yehlabathi.
Nazi iindlela ezintandathu ezithandwayo.
1. Ixhoba elichongiweyo
Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba sishukunyiswa ngakumbi kunzima ngumbono omnye, onokubonakalayo kunabantu abaningana, okanye isitatimende jikelele sesidingo.
Ngomnye umzamo, abathathi-nxaxheba banikezwa ithuba lokunikela ngemali ehlawulwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo kuphando kwintando enceda abantwana bobabini base-US nakwihlabathi jikelele.
Elinye iqela lafumana ulwazi olubanzi malunga nesidingo, kuquka iinkcazo ezinjengokuthi "Ukunqongophala kokutya eMalawi kuchaphazela abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu."
Iqela lesibini laboniswa umfanekiso wesibini intombazana yaseMalawi egama linguRokia kwaye yaxelela ukuba yayisweleyo kwaye isipho sabo singatshintshe ubomi bayo.
Iqela elifumana ulwazi malunga noRokia lanikela ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba iqela lifumana ulwazi jikelele kunye nolwazi.
Xa iqela lesithathu lafumana ulwazi oluqhelekileyo, umfanekiso kunye nolwazi malunga neRokia, banike ngaphezu kweqela jikelele lenkcazelo, kodwa kungekhona nje ngeqela elilodwa le-Rokia.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba nokunyusa umntwana omnye omnye kwisibheno kwanciphisa inani lemali.
Kuvela ukuba siya kuchitha ixesha elide ukugcina ixhoba elichongekileyo kunokuba siza kuhlawula ukugcina ubomi "obuninzi". Siva novelwano xa siva ibali lomntu othile .
2. I-Parochialism
Abantu baye baqala ukunyamekela abo basondeleyo kubo, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba asishukunyiswa yintlekele ekude kunomntu ochaphazelekayo.
U-Peter Singer ubonisa ukuba nangona amaMerika anika i-$ 1.54 yezigidigidi zokunceda amaxhoba e-tsunami ye-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia ngo-2004, loo mali yayingaphantsi kwekota ye-6.5 billion yezigidigidi esiye sanika unyaka ozayo ukunceda abantu abachaphazelekayo yiNkantwa Katrina.
Oku kubakho ubuninzi be-220,000 ukufa kwe-tsunami xa kuthelekiswa nokufa kwabantu abangama-1600 kwiqhwithi.
I-Parochialism yayilula ukuqonda ngaphambi kokunxibelelana kwanamhlanje. Kunzima ukugwinya kwixesha lemifanekiso esheshayo evela kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuphikelela kwayo, nangona ihlabathi lihlala kumagumbi ethu okuhlala, lithetha ngamandla alo mfanelo wabantu.
3. Ukungasebenzi
Sonke sikhatyiswa ngokukhawuleza ngokobunzima. Xa abaphandi baxelele abathathi-nxaxheba abafundayo ukuba abantu abangamawaka ambalwa ekampini yenkampu yamaRwanda babesengozini kwaye bacela ukuba bathumele uncedo oluya kusindisa ubomi be-1500 kubo, ukuzimisela kwabo ukunikela kunxulumene nenani labantu abanokulondoloza.
Incinci ipesenteji, abantu abanqwenela ukuba bancede. Ngokomzekelo, babekulungele ukuba bakwazi ukugcina i-1500 kuma-5000, kunokuba babenako ukusindisa abantu abayi-1500 kwabangama-10,000.
Iingcali zengqondo zibiza oku "ukucinga okungentoyiyo," kwaye abantu abaninzi bafikelela kwisigxina esingenasiphelo ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza.
UPoly Slovic, weCandelo loPhando kunye nophando okhokelayo kulolu hlobo, ubonisa ukuba le nto ingenzeka ngenxa yoluvo lwesono malunga nabantu abangenako ukuyigcina kuloo meko. Isohlwayo inokuyichukumisa ingqalelo kuvelwano kunye nokunyaniseka
4. Ukusasazwa koxanduva
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "umphumo wokulinda," le mfanelo yabantu ivumela ukuba sicinge ukuba omnye umntu uya kwenza oko kufuneka kwenziwe.
Abaphandi kwelinye uphando bafumanisa ukuba i-70 ekhulwini yabathathi-nxaxheba abaye bodwa kwaye beva izandi zoxinzelelo ezivela kwelinye umntu egumbini elihlangene baphendule kwaye bancedisa. Xa abathathi-nxaxheba ababini behlangene, izinga lokuphendula kwisandi seentlungu zawa kakhulu, kwimeko enye kwiipesenti ezisixhenxe kuphela.
Sivame ukuzivumela ukuba "siye esikhwameni" ukuba sicinga ukuba abanye baya kuthatha ukulahla.
5. Intsingiselo yokuLungisa
Abantu babonakala bexakeke ngokugqithiseleyo kunoma yini ekhangeleka.
Iingcamango ziye zafumanisa ukuba abantu baya kuhambelana neminqweno yabo efanelekileyo xa imeko iphula ukungahambi kakuhle.
Ngokomzekelo, abadlali ababini kwimidlalo yokulinga bayatshelwa ukuba omnye wabo uya kufumana isamba semali efana ne-$ 10 kwaye kufuneka ahlule kunye nomdlali wesibini. Ukuba umntu wesibini wenqaba ukunikela, akukho mdlali ofumana nantoni na.
Umntu wokuqala, okanye umnikeli, unquma ukuba uninzi lwemali ayinikela kumkeli. Umntu ongenamdla ongenamdla uya kuthi ukuba umniki-mali uza kunika umlinganiselo omncinci kakhulu, kwaye owamkelayo uya kuvuma oko, ekubeni ukufumana into engcono kunanto.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ummkeli uvakalelwa kukuba imali enikezelwayo "ingalunganga," mhlawumbi uya kukwenqaba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu ufumana nantoni na. Iingxoxo ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu zizo apho imali ihlulwe ngokulinganayo, ibhenela loo nto.
Kwimeko yokubonelela ngokuzithandela, umniki-mali unokudandatheka xa evakalelwa kukuba abanye abantu abenzi isabelo sabo. Kubonakala kungenakulungele ukunika, uthi, ipesenti ye-10 yengeniso yakho ekuthandeni ukuba abanye banikela ngaphantsi okanye akukho nto.
Yingakho abanye abahlalutyi bee-funders ngoku banikela imizekelo yabalingani. Ukuba uyazi ummelwane wakho wanikela i-$ 50, unokushukunyiswa ukunikela okungaphezulu okanye ngaphezulu. Kwakhona, ukunika izibonda okanye ukunikezela koluntu kunokuthintela kulo "kulungelelanisa" i-quotient.
6. Imali
Ngokugqithisileyo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukucinga ngemali kunokunyanzela ukuphazamiseka.
Ngokwenzame, abaphandi babamba iqela elinye iqela labathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bacinge ngemali, ngokomzekelo, ukungabonakali ngamagama malunga nemali okanye ngokuba neengcingo zeMonopoly imali kufuphi. Iqela elilawulayo alikho izikhumbuzi zemali. Umehluko? Iqela lemali libonisa ukuzimela okukhulu komnye nomnye kunye nentsebenziswano encinci yi:
- kuthatha ixesha elide ukucela uncedo xa wenza umsebenzi onzima
- ukushiya umgama omkhulu phakathi kweetyitile nangona xa utshelwe ukuba usondele ngakumbi ukuze bakwazi ukuthetha omnye nomnye
- ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa onokuyonwabela wedwa
- ukuba luncedo kwabanye
- kwaye banike imali encinci xa becela ukuba banikele enye yemali abaye bahlawulwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwisilingo esihle
Isizathu salo mkhuba kwinqanaba lemali lingaba kukuba xa kukho into enokuthengwa, intsebenziswano yentsebenziswano iyancipha. Kulo vavanyo, kwanokuba isiphakamiso semali sivelise ukuziphatha komntu kunokuba sibe nemvakalelo yoluntu.
Yintoni abaya kuyenza ngayo imali?
Nazi ezinye iindlela zobuhlakani beengxowa-mali abazisebenzisayo ukugqithisa ukukhusela ubuchopho bethu bendalo ukuze sikwazi ukwenza okulungileyo:
- sebenzisa imifanekiso eqhotyoshelweyo kwaye ugxininise kwixhoba elinye endaweni ethile
- kunceda ukuphuhlisa imvakalelo yoluntu kunye nobulungisa
- bonisa ukudibanisa phakathi kwethu nabantu abangamawaka eekhilomitha kude, nokuba sonke sifana njani
- bancede abaxhasi baqonde ukuba isipho sabo asikho nje "ukuwa kwebhakethi"
- xelele ukunyanzela amabali
- ukusebenzisa izibalo kwiinkrete, abantu kunye neendlela zokudala
- unike iindlela zokunceda ezingabandakanyi nje ukunika imali.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uMculi uthi, kukudala inkcubeko yokunika.
Ukuvumela abanye abantu ukuba bazi ngokusondelana komntu siqu kunokubanceda abanye bavule iintliziyo kunye nezikhwama.
Imibutho efana neBolder Giving inokubeka imigangatho emitsha yokunika. Ukunika iibhloko kungenza uluntu lwababanikezelayo.
Ukuhlaziya "ukusilela" kwiinkqubo zethu kunokukunceda.
Umculi ucacisa iinkqubo zabanikeli bomzimba kwamanye amazwe acinga ukuba uya kunika ngaphandle kokuba ukhethe ukuphuma, kunokuxhomekeka kubaxhasi ukuba ungene.
Amaqumrhu akhuthaza abasebenzi abanikezelayo angenza into efanayo, kunye nokubonelela ngeenkqubo zokuzithandela ezivumela abasebenzi ukuba basebenzise ixesha lokusebenzela ukubuyisela kuluntu.
Ukudala inkcubeko yokupha, uMculi uthi, unokuhamba ixesha elide ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha komntu ophakame ngaphezu kweendlela zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kunye nokusebenzisa isizathu kunye nemvakalelo yokwenza izigqibo ezinobomi malunga nathi esiza kunceda kunye nendlela.
Izibonelelo:
- Umculi kaPetros, Ubomi Ongasindisa , ngakumbi izahluko 4 no-5.
- UPaul Slovic, "Ukuba ndijonge ubunzima andiyi kuyenza": I-Psychic ephazamisayo kunye nohlanga .