Ngaloo ndlela, kwiimeko ezininzi, umnini wezithuthi akayikuxanduva lokulimala okuxhaswa ngabantu abathathu ngengozi ebangelwa isela.
Imithetho ekhusela abanikazi bezithuthi ezivela kwiimbopheleleko zamasela emoto anezinye izinto. Ukuba amaxhoba angamaxhoba akakwazi ukufumana umvuzo ngenxa yokulimala kwabo ngamasela, banokuxhomekeka kule miqathango yokumangalela abanikazi bezithuthi ngemonakalo.
Iimvume zokuSebenzisa iimvume
Kwisizwe ezininzi, umnini wezithuthi akafanelekanga phantsi komthetho oqhelekileyo ukuba isela liba inqwelo yakhe kwaye ngokungabi nantoni kubangele ingozi eyenzakalisa umntu wesithathu. Isela kunokuba umnini unelungelo lomntu wesithathu naluphi na ukulimala ayenayo kwengozi.
Kwezinye iimeko, umnini wezithuthi kunye neqela elenzakele alivumelani nokokuba isithuthi sisetyenzisiwe kunye nemvume yomnikazi. Ukuba ummangali angafakazela ukuba umnini-mvume unike imvume, ngaba umnini uya kuba noxanduva le ngozi?
Impendulo ixhomekeke kumthetho kwimeko apho kwenzeka khona ingozi. Amazwe angama-10 asele imithetho yokusetyenziswa kwemvume. Le mithetho yenza abanikazi bezithuthi bajongene neengozi ezibangelwa ngabanye abaqhuba i-autos kunye nemvume yabanini.
Nantsi ingqungquthela yomthetho waseNew York wokuvumela ukusetyenziswa:
Wonke umnikazi wesithuthi esisetyenzisiweyo okanye esebenzayo kulo mhlaba uya kuba noxanduva lokufa okanye ukulimala kumntu okanye kwipropati ngenxa yokunyaniseka ekusebenziseni okanye ekusebenziseni eso sithuthi, kumsebenzi walo mnikazi okanye ngenye indlela, nawuphi na umntu usebenzisa okanye isebenza ngokufanayo kunye nemvume, ukuvakalisa okanye ukuphawula, kumnini mnikazi.
Xa umnini-moto unika imvume yokuqhuba imoto, imvume ingabonakalisa (isandi okanye ibhaliwe) okanye ichazwe. Imvume evezweyo ithetha imvume evunyelwe ngezenzo okanye ezingekho izenzo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba iBill iyabamba izitshixo zeemoto zikaJim kwideskrit yaJim. UBill uthi uhamba ngesidlo sasemini kwivenkile yokutyela iikhilomitha eziliqela kude kwaye uphuma emnyango. UJim ubona uYilwayo ethatha izitshixo kodwa akayi kubhikisha. Ngenxa yokuba uJim akazange amchase okanye azame ukumisa uBill ekushayeleni imoto, uJim unikezele uBill ukuba afake imvume yokuyisebenzisa.
Imithetho Yenjongo Yentsapho
Kwamanye amazwe, umnini wezothutho unokubanjelwa uxanduva lwezithuthi zomntu ezibangelwa ngamalungu entsapho phantsi kwemithetho yentsapho. Le mithetho ikhona malunga ne-18. Benza uxanduva kubanini bezithuthi ngenxa yengozi zomoto ezibangelwa ngumlingane, abantwana, okanye amanye amalungu omndeni. Eminye yale mithetho inyanzelisa umnikazi wezithuthi ukuba okanye ingekho imoto esetyenzisiweyo kunye nemvume yomnikazi.
Ngaloo ndlela, kwezinye iindawo, umnini wezothutho unokubekwa uxanduva ukuba ilungu lentsapho libile imoto kwaye yabangela ingozi eyalimala elinye iqela.
Uxanduva lokuxhamla
Umqeshi unyanzelekile ngenxa yengozi yemoto eyenziwa ngumqhubi wokunyanzelisa umqeshwa . Lo mgaqo usebenza ngokuqhelekileyo xa umqeshwa esebenzisa isithuthi kwishishini lomqeshi. Ingaba iyakwenza ukuba umqeshwa uqhuba isithuthi ngenjongo yokungenzi ibhizinisi? Umzekelo, uSam usebenza ibhizinesi yebhotile ephethe amaloli amaninzi. USam utshilo abasebenzi bakhe ukuba kuphela abasebenzi bokuhambisa abavunyelwe ukuqhuba iinqwelo.
Ngenye imini, umsebenzi wekhitshi uthatha iloli ngaphandle kwemvume kaSam yokuqhuba i-personal errand. Umqeshwa ubangela ingozi eyenzakalisa omnye umqhubi. Ngaba ishishini likaSam limele ukulimala? Impendulo mhlawumbi.
USam unokunikezela imvume yokusebenzisa iloli ngezenzo zakhe kunokuthetha kwakhe. Kwakhona, ibhakala inokuthi ihlawulwe ngengozi phantsi komthetho wokusetyenziswa kwemvume.
Iimpawu kwiiNqwelo ezingavumelekanga
Kwamanye amazwe, umnini- zimoto oshiya isithuthi esingakhange esilondolozwe ngeentshintshi ngaphakathi angabanjwa phantsi komthetho oqhelekileyo ngenxa yengozi ebangelwa isela ukuba umnini kufuneka ukuba wazi ukuba ubusela buba khona. Ngokomzekelo, uTim usebenza ishishini lokukhupha. UTim ufumana isicelo sokuqhawulwa kwinqununu evela kwinqununu yesikolo esiphakamileyo sasekhaya. UThim uqhuba iloli yakhe esikolweni. Uphakamisa iloli kwindawo yokupaka umfundi kunye nezihluthulelo zokutshaya kwaye ungene kwisakhiwo sesikolo.
Emva kokuba uTim engabonakali, intombazana iqhubela kwiloli kwaye ithatha ibe yinto evuyisayo. Umntwana ubangela ingozi eyenzakalisa omnye umqhubi. Kwamanye amazwe, ilungu elenzakalisayo lingamangalela ishishini likaTim ngenxa yomonakalo. Ummangalelwa unokuthi u-Tim wayengenasiphako xa eshiya isithuthi esiyingozi kunye nezihluthulelo ngaphakathi kwindawo apho intsha yayinokuyifumana khona.
IiNtsholongwane zoTywala
Inani leendawo kunye noomasipala baye baphawula imithetho evimbela abanikazi bezithuthi ukuba bayeke ii-autos zabo zigijime ngelixa zingalindelanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa "imithetho ye-puffer," le migaqo inenjongo emibini: ukukhusela ubuqhopholo bemoto nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwee-greenhouse gases kwiimoto ezingenanto. Umzekelo we-"puffer" umthetho ngumthetho waseColorado onesihloko esithi Unattended Motor Vehicle. Nantsi inkcazo:
Akukho mntu oqhuba okanye ophethe imoto engavaliweyo uyakuvumela ukuba imele ingaxilwanga ngaphandle kokuyeka kuqala injini, ukuvala ukutshatyalaliswa, ukususa isitshixo kwi-ignition, kunye nokubeka ngokucacileyo i-brake kuyo ...
Abemi baseColorado banokuthobela lo myalelo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqala yenkwenkwezi kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko okwaneleyo.
Imithetho ye "Puffer" iyahluka ukusuka kummandla ukuya kwilizwe. Abanye banqabela abanikazi ukuba bayeke ukuhamba ngezimoto ezingalindelekanga naziphi na ubude bexesha kungakhathaliseki ukuba iqondo lokushisa. Ezinye zisebenzisa kuphela iilori ezinkulu okanye iibhasi zesikolo. Abanye bachaza ixesha kunye / okanye umda wokushisa. Ngokomzekelo, umthetho ungavumela izithuthi ukuba zingabonakali ixesha elide ukuya kwi-15 imizuzu ukuba izinga lokushisa lomoya liphantsi kweqhwa. Amalungelo okudlwengula "imithetho ye-puffer" ingahlawulwa. Kwamanye amazwe, abanikazi bezithuthi abaphula umthetho olwaphulo-mthetho bangaba necala lokulimala okanye ukulimala kwamanye amaqela abangelwa isela.
UkuSetyenziswa koMbane
Icandelo loxanduva lokumotheka kwezemoto lomgaqo-nkqubo womgaqo-nkqubo womgaqo-nkqubo uquka ukukhutshwa kwemvume evumelekileyo. Ihlanganisa (njengesiqinisekiso) nabani na oqhuba i-auto eneenqwelo, ukuqesha okanye ukuboleka ngemvume yakho. Ukuba isela liba isithuthi esinebhizinisi lakho kwaye ibangela ingozi apho omnye umntu akalimele, wakho umshwalense wemoto akakwazi ukufaka ibango lilungu elimele.