Ulawulo lolawulo lwenkunkuma, oluqhelekileyo luboniswe njengonxantathu oluchithwe (njengalo mfanekiso kwiwebhusayithi ye-EPA), unikezela indlela yokuzikhethela ukubonisa iindlela ezikhethiweyo ezichanekileyo zokuthathwa kobutyebi kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo. Iindidi ezichanekileyo zingahluka kwigama elithile kunye nenombolo, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elithile ngokusebenzisa le modeli, kodwa inkqubo ebalulekileyo yokucamngca kukuba ukuphepha kokusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa umthombo, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe, kukhethwa ukubuyiswa kwakhona, okukhethwa kuthiwa ukungcola-amandla-kwaye ekugqibeleni ukufakwa kwiifom Iindidi ze-EPA ze-EPA ulawulo lokuchitha inkunkuma kwiindidi ezine, ezihlaziywa ngezantsi.
01 - Ukunciphisa umthombo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona
Indlela ekhethiweyo kakhulu yokulawulwa kwenkunkuma kukuyikuyidala kwindawo yokuqala. Oku kunokubandakanya ukhetho lokuphepha ukusetyenziswa okungabalulekanga kwempahla kunye neenkonzo, kwaye kungabandakanya nokunqunyelwa ngenjongo yokunciphisa iziphumo eziya ekudalweni kwemveliso-ukunciphisa umthombo. Imizamo enjalo yokunciphisa imithombo ingabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintle kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokudala ukungcola okuncinci kunye nobutyhefu benkunkuma. Amanyathelo athandwayo afaka ukunciphisa ukupakisha, ukuveliswa kwamandla kunye neendawo zokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ahlaziywayo, kunye nokuthuthwa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ukuncitshiswa kwamanzi nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kungekudala kube yinto ephambili yokunciphisa inkunkuma.
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe enye ingqiqo enamandla ukuphepha ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo zokupakisha ezinokubuyiselwa zingakwazi ukuphelisa isidingo sokupakishwa kwempahla, kwaye kunika nokukhusela umkhiqizo ongcono, ngokunjalo ukunciphisa umonakalo komkhiqizo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwawo. Ngaphandle kwiphakheji evuselelekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuthetha, ukudaliswa kwezinto ezinokulondolozwa kwindlela enokuba luncedo kunokunciphisa inkunkuma.
02 - Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye neComposting
Kwinqanaba lokunciphisa umthombo wokuqala okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokuhlala zihlala zingenakwenzeka, indlela elandelayo ekhethiweyo ibandakanya ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwemveliso, okanye umququzelelo wendalo.
Ukusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela kubandakanya ukuqokelela, ukuhlunga, kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso kwizinto ezibonakalayo ezingasetyenziswa njengeziphumo zokuveliswa kwemveliso emitsha. Ngenxalenye yayo, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwemveliso ngokubanzi kubangela ukuba kubekho izinto ezinamandla kakhulu, ezingcolisi ngaphantsi kunye nezindleko eziphezulu ukuvelisa, ngelixa ziphepha ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintle. Thatha umzekelo, umzekelo we-aluminium. Amanqatha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-61 ze-aluminium asetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye asetyenziswa kwakhona e-US ngo-2011, emele ama-65 ekhulwini. Kwinkqubo yokufunyanwa kwakhona, ukusetyenziswa kweemitha ezili-17 zeerololine kugwenywe, kuba amandla angaphantsi ayadingeka ukucwangcisa izinto eziphinda ziphinda zifumaneke ngaphezu komxholo wesilwanyana.
Ukuququzelelwa komgquba kubandakanya ukuphambuka kwezinto eziphathekayo ezifana ne-yard trimmings kunye nokutya okuvela kwiifomflethi, ukwenjenjalo ukukhusela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi atshisayo.
03 - iNkunkuma-ku-Amandla
Inkqubo ye-waste-to-energy (i-WTE) ibandakanya ukuthathwa kwamandla kwi-trash. Oku kufezekiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukutshiswa kwenkunkuma, i-pyrolization, i-anaerobic, i-digestion, i-gasification kunye ne-gasfill gas recovery.
Ngokomzekelo, eSweden, malunga nesiqingatha sentshabalalo eqinileyo ichithwa ukuze kuveliswe umbane. I-Pyrolysis isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezinjengokudala amandla ahlanzekileyo kumathayi amadala , kunye nokuguqula iiplastiki kwi-oyile .
04 - unyango kunye nokuLahlwa
Ukulahla kuyona ndlela yokugqibela kwi-hierarchy yamashishini, nangona kunjalo, icandelo eliphambili lolawulo lwenkunkuma edibeneyo. Iifomflethi zeendlela zokuhlala ziyindlela eqhelekileyo yokulahla, ngokuyila, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuphela kwezinto zokuphila ezilawulwa ngokuthe ngqo. E-US, iifomflethi kufuneka zilandele imigangatho echanekileyo eyenziwe yi-EPA, kwaye ilawulwa ngokuqhelekileyo kummandla, kwilizwe okanye kwisizwe.
Ngaphandle kwindleko zomhlaba, kukho ingqalelo yokubuyisela. I-gesi yeMetane, eveliswa yinto engcolileyo, ingafakwa kwi-energy. Kwaye emva kokuvalwa, iifomflethi zingabanjwa kwaye ziphinde zenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kwezinye ezifana neepaki okanye iglasi.