Incomo yoPhuculo oluSebenzayo kunye olusebenzayo
Ukhuselo lweZiko loKhuseleko
Imidwebo okanye iiplani zoyilo kufuneka zibandakanye zonke iinguqulelo zendawo yokwenza i-jack, iinkcukacha zecandelo lokukhwaza, izitya zokusebenza, i-scaffold kunye nazo zonke izixhobo ezihambelana nazo.
Emva kokuba zonke ezo nkcukacha zenzelwe, izixhobo zokudabuka kufuneka zihlolwe ngaphambi kokulungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo siyahlangabezana neemfuno ezichazwe kwimidwebo yeefom. Ungasebenzisi izixhobo ezinqabileyo ezingonakalisa okanye ezibonisa iimpawu zomonakalo. Zonke iifom zokuthungela izixhobo kufuneka zihlolwe ngokukhawuleza kwangaphambili, ngexesha kunye nangoko emva kokufakwa kwekhonkrithi. Hlola onke amanqaku ngokufanelekileyo kwaye xa ufumana izixhobo ezibuthathaka, zomeleze ngokukhawuleza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ukuba onke amacwecwe esiseko, iintloko ze-shore, izixhobo zokwandisa kunye nezikrini ziqinile kwaye zikhuselekile ngesiseko kunye nefomu.
I-Formwork Safety: Ikhonkrithi
Imisebenzi esebenzayo kunye eyenzelwe ukukhonkxa kwendawo yokukhonkxa idinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Ngenxa yobunzima obunzima bokuthi ikhonkrit idibanisa kwiifom kunye nezixhobo zokubethelela, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba imithwalo ye-eccentric ikhona kumalungu ayenzelwe ukulayishwa okunjalo.
Ukuba iindawo eziselunxwemeni olulodwa zisetyenziselwa enye ngaphezulu komnye (ziqeshwe), kufuneka iimfuneko zokudityaniswa ezongezelelweyo mazifezekiswe. Amanxweme kufuneka ukuba:
- Eyilwe ngumyili oqeshweyo kunye nokukhankanywa okwakhiwe kufuneka kuhlolwe yiinjineli ezifanelekileyo eziyilwe ngayo;
- Ukulungelelaniswa ngokuchanekileyo;
- Ukuchithwa ukukhusela ukungalungiswa; kwaye
- Ngokukhawuleza ibhokhwe kwiimigaqo ezimbini eziphambili kwi-splicing level.
Ukulungiswa kwamanxweme angama-post ukuphakamisa amafomu akufanele kwenziwe emva kokubekwa kwekhonkrithi. Ukugxeka kufuneka kulungiswe, njengoko iifomu zokuqala kunye namanxweme zisuswe, naliphi na ikhonkrithi iyadingeka ukuxhasa imithwalo engaphezu kwekhono layo.
Izidingo zeFomu: Ikhonkrithi ye-Cast-in-Place
Imisebenzi esetyenziselwa ukuqhutyelwa kwendawo yokusebenza kufuneka icwangciswe ngokucophelela, yenzelwe kwaye ihlolwe. Nolu uluhlu lwezikhokelo kunye neemfuno zefom yefom ye-cast-in-place:
- Isakhiwo sesakhiwo kufuneka sigcinwe kuzo zonke iindleko zokunyamezela ezichazwe kwi-plumbness ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-jacking.
- Umgangatho okhuselekileyo wokumisa umgangatho wesiphakamiso kufuneka ungadluli.
- Zonke iifom zefestile zecala kufuneka zinikezelwe nge-scaffolds okanye amaqonga okusebenza apho abasebenzi kufuneka basebenze okanye badlule.
- Ukuqinisa isinyithi kwiindonga, ii-pier, iikholam kunye nezakhiwo ezifanayo zimele zixhaswe ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela ukuguquka nokuwa.
- Abaqeshi kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okuthintela umnxeba ongasayibhalwanga ekuhlaleni. Le miqathango ingabandakanya, kodwa ayinakuphela, ukugcina ukuphela komqulu okanye ukuguqula indima.
Ukususwa kweFomwork: Izikhokelo zoKhuseleko
Xa lixesha lokususa ifom yomsebenzi, landela ezi ngcebiso:
- Musa ukususa iifom kunye namanxweme (ngaphandle kwalawo asetshenziselwa i-slabs kwiibakala kunye ne-slip fomu) de kube umqeshwa enquma ukuba ikhonkrit inamandla okwaneleyo okuxhasa ubunzima bayo kunye nemithwalo ephezulu.
- Qinisekisa ulwazi lwamandla khonkco ngokubhekiselele kwimidwebo yokwakha, iinkcukacha , kunye neziphumo zokuvavanya. Ukuvavanya kufuneka kulandele indlela yovavanyo lwe-American Society yoVavanyo kunye noPhezulu (ASTM) ejoliswe ekuqinisekiseni amandla okukrakra okukhonkco, kwaye iziphumo mazibonise ukuba ikhonkrit inamandla okwaneleyo okuxhasa ubunzima bayo kunye nemithwalo ephezulu.
- Funda zonke iinkcukacha zakho zobungcali bekhontrakthi ezibandakanya iinkqubo malunga nendlela kunye nexesha lokususa iifom.