Abathwali beenqwelo-mafutha e-United States banikela ngeentlobo ezimbini zenkonzo, inkonzo egcweleyo yeFilkload (FTL) okanye i-Less Than Truckload (LTL).
Nangona umthumeli we-FTL uhambisa izitya ezipheleleyo okanye iilori zomkhiqizo omnye kumthengi omnye, umthumeli we-LTL uhambisa impahla evela kumakhasimende amaninzi kwiloli enye. Umphathiswa we-LTL unikezela abathengi indlela ephezulu yokuthumela impahla ngaphandle kwe-FTL.
Indlela iLLL isebenza ngayo
Ngaphakathi kwendawo, umqhubi we-LTL weenqwelo-mafutha unenani lezithuthi eziqokelela ukuthunyelwa kubathengi babo. Emva kokugqiba iqoqo lemihla ngemihla, ukuthunyelwa kuthathwa kwi-terminal apho izithuthi zikhululiwe.
Ukuthunyelwa ngalunye kulinganiswa kwaye kulinganiswe okuvumela ukuba iindleko zamakhasimende zicutshungulwe. Ukuthunyelwa komntu ngamnye kulayishwa kwisithuthi esilaphayo esineenkcukacha ezivela kwabanye abathengi abaya kwindawo efanayo.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezikhutshweyo zihamba ngeloliwe kwiindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo, apho zikhululiwe khona. Ukuthunyelwa kuyahlulwa kwaye kufakwe kwiinqwelo zendawo ukuhanjiswa. Ukuthunyelwa ngamnye komntu kuthathwa ngamaxesha amaninzi ukususela ngexesha eliqokelelwa kumthengi ade afike kwindawo yokugqibela yokuthumela.
Izinzuzo ze-LTL Carriers
Inzuzo ephambili yokusebenzisa i-LTL yenkampani yindleko. Ixabiso lokuthumela umthumo usebenzisa i-LTL kunokuba umthuthi we-FTL uhla kakhulu. Umthumeli we-LTL uncintisana nabathwali beepelisi, abaqhelekileyo abaza kwamkela iimpahla ezingaphezu kwama-70 ukuya ku-100.
Olu khuphiswano luvame ukuphumela kwiziphathamandla ze-LTL zinikeza ixabiso eliphantsi kweepounds kwiiphatha.
Imbali ye-LTL Carriers
Urhulumente waseUnited States waqalisa ukulawula imboni yamatriki ngo-1935 phantsi kolawulo lweKhomishini ye-Interstate Commerce (ICC). UMthetho weCandelo loMthengisi we-1935 wawudinga ukuba abatsha beenqwelo-mafutha bafune "isatifiketi sokulungelelanisa esidlangalaleni nokufuneka" kwi-ICC.
Isenzo sidinga ukuba abathuthi beefayili bafake iirhafu zabo kwi-ICC iintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokuba ziphumelele. Iirhafu zaza zafumaneka ukuba zijongwe nayiphi na inxaxheba. Umrhumo unokube uphantsi komngeni ngomnye umphathiswa okanye umzila ongasikhokelela ekumiselweni komrhumo kude kwenziwe uphando.
Ngowe-1948, nangona i-veto evela kuMongameli Truman, iCongress yavumela abathwali ukuba balungise amaxabiso baze bavumele ukuba baxolelwe ngaphandle kwemithetho engathembekiyo. Kwiminyaka engama-30 ezayo, ukhuphiswano luye lwacima njengoko i-ICC iyenqabe izicelo kwizithuthi ezintsha.
Icandelo laqala ukutshintsha ekuqaleni kwee-1970 xa kuqala i-Nixon, ngoko-ke i-Ford ne-Carter zilawula iinkqubo ezininzi zokunciphisa ukulungiswa kwexabiso kunye nabathengi bexabiso. Inxalenye yokugqibela yohlengahlengiso yayiyi-Motor Carrier Act ka-1980.
Impembelelo yomthetho omtsha kubangele ukhuphiswano oluninzi lwentengo kunye neengcambu ezincinci zentengo, kunye namawaka amatsha aphantsi kwindleko, abangenabunyanisi abathintekayo abangena kwimarike.
Phakathi kowe-1977 no-1982, izinga lalingama-LTL lalingama-20%. Icandelo lorhwebo latshintshile emva kokucinywa. Inani labathwali liphindwe kabini phakathi ko-1980 no-1990, kunye nabathwali abangaphezu kwama-40,000 e-US. Ubulungu beManyano buye buba bukhulu phakathi ko-1980 no-1985, behla kwi-60% ukuya kwi-28%.
Iimeko Ezikhoyo
Utshintsho kumthetho luvule i-shishini ukuya kwintcintiswano kodwa ngoku inani labathwali liphantsi kakhulu kuneminyaka emva kokuncitshiswa. Imarike ye-LTL iqikelelwa malunga nama-R3 billion, kodwa okwangoku, kukho ukugqithiseleka, okuye kwafikelela kwi-15%. Oku, kuhlanganisene noqoqosho olucothayo, kuya kubakhokelela kubanini abathwali abaninzi ukuba bafune ukukhuselwa kweSahluko 11 ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni komsebenzi kwimanyano nakwamanyeneyo.