Yiyiphi imvelaphi kunye nemigangatho yoLungiso lokuThengisa?
Inkqubela ekuveliseni ngokunyameko ivela kwi-iToyota Production System edlalwa ngokuba yi-Just In Time (JIT). Inkampani yeToyota yaphumelela emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesi-2 xa amafama aseYajapani ayamkela ubuninzi bokuveliswa kweMelika kunye neendlela zobunjani. Iindlela zokuvelisa zikaHenry Ford kunye neengcamango zolawulo lweStatistical Quality of Edwards Deming zaba ngumgaqo weProjekthi yokuvelisa iToyota.
Ngokungafani nemboni yezimoto zaseMelika, iToyota yakhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba babe yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuvelisa. Inkampani ivelise izibonda zekhwalithi, eyayiyinkampani yabasebenzi abadibeneyo ukuze baxoxe ngokuphucula indawo yokusebenzela. Amalungu ombuthano wobunjani enza iziboniso kubaphathi malunga nomgangatho wemveliso.
I-Toyota ithuthukise inkqubo yeenkqubo eziye zanciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ekusetyenzisweni nasekutshintsheni. Ngokungafani nokuveliswa kweToyota, iToyota yavelisa ukuveliswa kwamabhakethi amancinci kwaye le nto yayifuna isethi yeenkqubo eziye zanciphisa ixesha lokumisa kunye nexesha lokutshintsha. Inkqubo eyiphumo yayiyi-Minimum Exchange Exchange of Die (SMED). Kukho amanyathelo asixhenxe asetyenziswayo kwinkqubo ye-SMED yokuguqulwa, kuquka ukuhlengahlengisa imisebenzi yangaphandle nangaphakathi.
Uphuhliso olwenziwa yiToyota lwamukelwa ngabanye abavelisi baseJapan kodwa akukho namnye ayaphumelela. Ngama-1980, iinkampani zaseMelika zaqala ukufumana ezinye zeenkqubo eziphuhliswe yiToyota kwaye zanikezela la magama anjenge-Continuous Flow Manufacturing (CFM), i-World Class Manufacturing (WCM) kunye neMveliso engekho.
Iimigaqo zoLungiso lokuThengisa
Injongo ephambili yeenkampani ezithatha iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezintle ukunciphisa inkunkuma. Inkampani ephakathi iya kuchitha ininzi yemithombo. Kwiimeko apho inkqubo yokuvelisa iphelelwe yisikhathi inqanaba lenkunkuma lingasondela kwi-90%. Ngokuthatha iinkqubo ezinonophelo zokuvelisa inkunkuma zingancitshiswa zibe malunga no-25-35% .
Inkqubo yokuHlanywa kweMveliso ingaphucula:
- Ukuphathwa kwezinto
- Inventory
- Umgangatho
- Ukwaneliseka kwabaThengi
Ukuphathwa kwezinto
Izibonelelo ekuphathweni kwezinto xa iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezixhomekeke zibandakanya ukuhamba kwezinto ezincinci, ukuhamba emifutshane okuhamba kwindawo yokugcina kunye neendlela ezilula zokuqokelela kwindawo yokugcina. Ezi zinto zenza igalelo lokugcina imali kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.
Inventory
Ngokusebenzisa amaqashwana amancinci, imiqalo engapheliyo kunye nephumayo incinci. Oku kunciphisa i-inventory efunekayo ukuba ibe kwifowuni kwaye ngoko ke i-inventory level jikelele.
Umgangatho
Iinqanaba elincinci lithetha ukuba nayiphi na imiba ephezulu ephakamileyo ingaqwalaselwa ngexesha lokuvelisa. Kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ngamanani amaninzi amakhulu, imiba esemgangathweni ayinakuqatshelwa kude kube yilapho ingena kwinkqubo kwaye inokubiza ukulungisa, kokubili ngexesha kunye nezibonelelo.
Ukwaneliseka kwabaThengi
Ukuphuculwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukugcinwa kwempahla, kunye nobungqina bonke kukhokelela ekusebenzeni kompumelelo. Ukuba izinto ziveliswa ngexesha kwaye zihanjiswe kumthengi ngomhla wokunikezelwa, ukwaneliseka kwabaxhasi kuya kwanda. Kwakunjalo ukuba izinto ezithunyelwe kumthengi zinomgangatho ophezulu wekhwalithi. Oku kuya kunciphisa iziganeko zokulungiswa, ukubuyisa, kunye nezikhalazo zamakhasimende .
Ekugqibeleni, iinkqubo zakho zokuvelisa ezinomsoco zifuna ukuxhasa inkampani yakho ekuhambiseni abathengi bayo kunye nokuba abo bathengi bafuna ntoni, xa abo bathengi beyifuna - kwaye bafeze oko ngokunciphisa iindleko. Akunjalo nje inkcazo yokulungiswa komgangatho wesondlo kodwa umgaqo-siseko ngowona mveliso.
Ingaba uphando malunga nokuvelisa okunomsoco njengesixhobo sokuncedisa ukwenzela ukunciphisa inkunkuma kwiinkqubo zakho zokusebenza - okanye ukhangele iSix Sigma ngesizathu esifanayo, udinga inkqubo engeyona yiprojekthi enye, kodwa utshintsho endleleni yokuphila kwinkampani yakho. Ukuba unethemba lokuba ukuvelisa okuxhambileyo kuya kuba yintlupheko eyokulungisa yonke into yenkampani yakho - ngoko kuya kufuneka uqikelele ukuba ukuvelisa okuxhambileyo akukona nje ukulungisa enye into yesitolo sakho.
Utshintsho olujoliswe kwinkqubo lithetha ukutshintshwa kwemvelo kwindlela osebenza ngayo ishishini lakho. Ukuqonda ukuba isinyathelo sakho sokuqala ekutshintsheni okuyimpumelelo.
Eli nqaku malunga nemvelaphi nemigaqo ye-Lean Manufacturing iye yahlaziywa nguGary Marion, Logistics and Supply Chain ingcali.