Ukuqonda indlela izivumelwano zorhwebo ezinokuchaphazela ngayo ukhenketho lwenkonzo
Izivumelwano zoRhwebo
Isivumelwano seNtengo yamaNtlalontle eNorth America (i-NAFTA) kunye neTrans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) zimbini zezivumelwano zorhwebo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kukho iindidi zabanye abalawula urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe.
Ezinye zezi zivumelwano zorhwebo ziphakathi kwamazwe kwimihlaba ethile yendawo kunye namazwe aneemida ezifanayo (i-NAFTA, umzekelo, okanye iBhunga leNtsebenziswano yeGulf, eyaziwa nangokuthi yiGCC, amalungu ayo aquka amazwe ayisithupha aseArabhu, okt i-Saudi Arabia, iOman, iUnited Ama-Arab Emirates, i-Kuwait, i-Bahrain ne-Qatar).
Ezinye izivumelwano zorhwebo zibandakanya indawo ezininzi kwaye zenziwa ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo zezoqoqosho kwiintlanga zamalungu ukuba zivumelane nemithetho ethile yokurhweba. I-TPP ngumzekelo wesivumelwano sorhwebo kunye neentlanga zamalungu ezide kakhulu njenge-Australia kunye neKhanada. I-United States yayiyinxalenye ye-TPP de ngoJanuwari 2017.
Izivumelwano zoRhwebo kunye namashishini amancinci
Umbuzo wokuba ingaba uncedo lwakho oluncinci lwezoshishino luya kuthinteka kwisivumelwano sorhwebo singaphendulwa ngokujonga ukuba ishishini lakho elincinci lingumngenisi (okanye uthengisa impahla engaphandle) okanye umthengisi (okanye uthengisa iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle) okanye.
Makhe sibone "impendulo" yokuqala. Mhlawumbi ucacile ukuba ngaba ungumthengisi okanye awukho. Ukuba uthumela umkhiqizo wakho ngaphandle kwelizwe lakho elivela kuyo, ungumthengisi.
Kodwa, kwakhona, ukuba uthumela iimveliso zakho kumntu wesithathu (umthengisi, umzekelo) othumela iikhamphani zakho ngaphandle kwelizwe, iimveliso zakho zithunyelwa ngaphandle - nangona ungeke ube ngumthengisi werekhodi.
Makhe sicinge ukuba ungenzi nto yezo zinto zibini.
Kodwa ngaba ungumngenisi? Unokulingwa ukuba uthi cha, ngenxa yokuba awuthengi nto evela kumthengisi ngaphandle kwelizwe lakho. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mthengisi. Kodwa ukuba uthengisa iimpahla - nokuba yiqumrhu okanye izinto eziqingqiweyo okanye ukupakishwa - okuthi "Yenziwe ku-X" apho "X" akulona igama lelizwe ohlala kulo, uthengisa iimpahla ezingenisiwe. Kwaye ke, izivumelwano zorhwebo zinokuchaphazela ukhenketho lwenkampani yakho encinci ngaphezu kokuba ucinga ukuba yenzayo.
Impendulo yangempela ye "akukho" ithetha ukuba yonke into eyithengisayo ishishini lakho elincinci liye laveliswa kwaye liveliswe kwilizwe lakho elivela kuyo kwaye kuthengiswa (kwaye lihlala) ngaphakathi kweli lizwe elifanayo. Ukuba oko kuyinyani kwishishini lakho elincinci, ke izivumelwano zorhwebo ziba nefuthe elichanekileyo kwicandelo lakho lokubonelela .
(Nangona amaqabane akho axhamliweyo - njengabathengisi kunye nabanikezeli bezithuthi zabasebenzi be-third party-bangase bathatyatheke kakhulu kwimpembelelo yezivumelwano zorhwebo kunye nokukhuseleka kwabo bangabangela impembelelo engathanga ngqo kwi-chain chain.)
Iimvumelwano zoRhwebo zeHlabathi
Amashishini amaninzi amancinci anakho ukukhuphisana kwiindawo zemarike yehlabathi ngenxa yokuba zivela kuyo yonke into okanye enye inxalenye yemveliso abayithengisayo kwiindawo zokuthengisa eziphantsi kweendleko.
Ngoku ukuba iUnited States ayiseyona nxalenye ye-TPP, iintlawulo ezithengiswayo ezivela e-China, eMalaysia, eVietnam nakwezinye iintlanga zamaqela e-TPP azikho phantsi kwesivumelwano semibandela (ngaphandle kweCanada neMexico, ixesha elide, ukususela I-Canada kunye neMexico ziyasayina zombini i-TPP ne-NAFTA).
Xa amazwe amabini anelungelo lokumelana nesivumelwano sorhwebo, ziyabhakwa ngokuqinisekileyo malunga nendlela intengo phakathi kweenkampani kulawo mazwe inokulawulwa. Iziganeko, oku kuthetha ukuba ilizwe eliphantsi kweendleko zomsebenzi liya kuzuza ekunciphiseni okanye ekuphelisweni kwemirhumo yelizwe elilingana neendleko.
I-NAFTA ngumzekelo wesivumelwano sokunyuka kwamazwe angaphandle okuvela kwindawo ephantsi yokuvelisa indleko (eMexico, kulo mzekelo) kwilizwe elinxulumene neendleko eziphezulu (eMelika).
Ukuba uyinkampani encinane eUnited States kwaye udibaniso lwakho lokubonelela luquka iinkalo ozithengileyo ngqo ukusuka eMexico - okanye zenziwe eMexico kwaye uthenge kwintwini yesithathu e-United States - ulawulo lwenkonzo yakho luchaphazeleka ngesivumelwano sorhwebo .
Izivumelwano zorhwebo zivumela abathumeli (okanye amashishini athengisa iimpahla ezithengiswayo) ukufikelela kwimpahla ephantsi. Oku kunokuvumela ukuba ixabiso lexabiso eliphantsi liqhume ngokukhululeka kwilizwe elinxulumene neendleko. Ingxabano yokuphikisa kukuba ezi zivumelwano zorhwebo ziyakuthintela ukuveliswa kwempahla ethile kuloo mazwe angamaqabane aphezulu.
Ukuba ezo zivumelwano zorhwebo zahamba (mhlawumbi ngokuchithwa kwamanye amazwe okanye ngokuphunyezwa kwerhafu kwimpahla engeniswe ngaphandle), umphumo kwiinkonzo zorhwebo lwakho oluncinane mhlawumbi luza kugxininisa kwiindleko zakho zokunyuka kwempahla. Ukuhlawulela ezo ndleko zeempahla zanda, unokufuneka u:
- Khangela ezinye iindleko eziphantsi kweendleko
- Ukunciphisa ezinye iindleko kwimisebenzi yezoshishino
- Ukuphucula loo maxabiso kunyuka
- Khuphula ixabiso kubaxumi bakho
Naliphi na lezo zifundo zentsebenzo zingaphakathi kwimeko nawuphi na ulungelelwaniso olulungisiweyo.
Ukuba ngu-Exporter vs Umporter
Ukuba uyithumela kwelinye ilizwe (okanye uthengise umkhiqizo wakho kumntu osithumela kwelinye ilizwe), ngoko-ngezinye iindawo-iintlawulo zihlawulwa malunga nemveliso yakho. Ezi ntlawulo zithetha ukuba abathengi bemveliso yakho bahlawula ngakumbi kunokuba ungaziqonda.
Kodwa ukuba ilizwe lakho elivela kuyo kunye nelizwe elifumanayo linesivumelwano sokurhweba esisekuqaleni, abasebenzisi bokugqibela bemveliso yakho banokuthenga imveliso yakho kuba bayayithengela ngokuncinci ngakumbi kunokuba banako ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe (ngaphandle kwesivumelwano sorhwebo indawo).
Njengomthengisi, unokuba ulungele ukugcina izivumelwano zorhwebo zihambelana njengoko zisenokunika ithuba lokuncintisana kwiimarike ezithile zangaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, i-NAFTA yenye yezona zizathu eziphambili ukuba, ukuba ibhizinisi lakho elincinane lifama, mhlawumbi ungathengisa inxalenye yezigidi ezilishumi elinesibhozo okanye iitriyoni zengqolowa ukuba iUnited States ithunyelwe eMexico ngo-2016.
Ngaphambi kwe-NAFTA, ibhizinisi lakho elincinane lokufama lokutya laliza kudibana nexabiso elingaphaya kwe-10 kwinani lokungenisa emzimbeni owalinga eMexico. Kodwa i-NAFTA iyancipha ukuba ibe malunga neepesenti ezi-2. Ukuba ubuyinkampani encinane yokufama yeefama, mhlawumbi wabona ukuba ukuthumela kwakho eMexico kunyuke malunga namaxesha angamashumi amabini.
Impembelelo yezivumelwano zoRhwebi kwi-Global Trade kwi-Chain yokuThengisa iShishini
Ukuba ibhinqa lakho elincinci lenza iimveliso ezinomsebenzi kwi-United States ngaphambi kwe-NAFTA kwaye wabona abanikazi boshishino behambisa olo hlobo lwemveliso eMexico ukuze bafumane ixabiso lentengo yezemisebenzi, kwaye unokubona ukuba yintoni impembelelo yesivumelwano sorhwebo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ibhinqa lakho elincinci lalifana nomlimi wezolimo eMexico - usenokubonile impembelelo eyahlukileyo ye-NAFTA kwishishini lakho elincinci njengeMexico laqala ukuthenga ingqolowa enkulu evela eUnited States.
Njengomnini -shishini lomncinci , kufuneka uqaphele ukuba yeyiphi indawo efanelekileyo yokunikezelwa kweenkcukacha ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Izivumelwano zorhwebo zinokuchaphazela iindleko kunye nekhono lokunikezela kubathengi bakho . Kwaye ukuba ezo zivumelwano zorhwebo ziguqulwa, zixutyushwa kwakhona okanye zipheliswe, kufuneka ukuba wazi ukuba indlela yakho yokutya izakuchaphazeleka njani .