Uluhlu lweeNkcitho eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo (i-Additives)
I-admixtures zongezwa kwi-batch yekhonkti kwangoko okanye ngexesha lokuxuba ikhonkrithi. I-admixtures zekhonkrithi inokuphucula umgangatho okhonkcisiweyo, ukuphathwa, ukukhawuleza okanye ukulibala ixesha lokubeka phakathi kwezinye iipropati ezingatshintshwa ukufumana iziphumo ezithile. Uninzi, kungekhona ukusho konke, i- mix mixiti ekhoyo inomxholo omnye okanye ngaphezulu weekhonkrititi eziza kukunceda inkqubo yakho yokuphalaza iqhube ixabiso ngelixa ukwandisa umkhiqizo, Iindleko zezi mixube ziyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nohlobo lokuxubeka olusetyenziswayo. Konke oku kuya kudibaniswa kwiindleko zee-cubic / imitha yekhonkrithi.
01 - I-Admixtures yeekhonkco: Ukubeka i-Retarding
Ukubeka ixesha lokunciphisa i-admixtures zekhonkrithi zisetyenziselwa ukulibazisa ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali ezenzekayo xa ikhonkrit iqala inkqubo yokubeka. Ezi ntlobo ze-admixtures ezikhonkco ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umphumo wamaqondo aphezulu aphezulu anokuvelisa ukulungiswa kokukhawuleza kokukhonkco. Ukubeka iilmixtures ukulinda ukusetyenziswa kweetrakthi zokwakha, ukuvumela ixesha elongezelelweyo lokugqiba iipakethe zekhonkrithi , ukunciphisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo ukubeka isityalo esitsha sekhonkrithi kwisayithi yomsebenzi kwaye kunceda ukuqeda amaninzi abandayo kwikhonkrithi. Abalawuli bangasetyenziselwa ukumelana nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokufakela ukukhutshwa okwenzekayo xa ama-slabs angqambileyo abekwe kwicandelo. Abaninzi abazilahlayo banokusebenza njengamanzi okunciphisa amanzi kwaye banokufaka umoya kwikhonkrithi. 02 - I-Admixtures yeekhonkco: I-Air-Entrainment
Umkhenkethi obandakanyekayo womoya unokwandisa ukuqina kwe-konkrithi. Olu hlobo lokuxutywa luvelisa ukhonkco olungakumbi kunekhonkrithi engabandakanywanga ngelixa kunciphisa ukuphuma kwegazi kunye nokuhlukana kwekhonkrithi entsha. Ukuxhathisa ukukhangeka kwekhonkrithi kwizenzo ezinqabileyo zesithwathwa okanye i-frozen / thaw cycles. Ezinye izibonelelo ezivela kule mixube zi: - Ukumelana nokuphakamisa ukujikeleza nokumisa
- Umgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza
- Umgangatho ophezulu wokuhlala
Izibhakabhaka zomoya ezinobungozi zisebenza njengento yokukhwabanisa ebangelwa ukuxinzezeleka ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanzi kwamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa. Umoya owenza i-admixtures iyahambelana nayo yonke i-admixtures yekhonkrithi. Ngokuqhelekileyo nganye kwipesenti enye yomoya obandakanyisiwe, amandla okunyanzelisa aya kuncitshiswa malunga neepesenti ezintlanu.
03 - I-Admixtures ye-Concrete Yokunciphisa Amanzi
Ukunciphisa amanzi okunciphisa ngamanzi yimveliso yeekhemikhali ukuba xa idibene kwikhonkrithi inokudala ukuchithwa okufunayo kwisilinganiselo esisezantsi samanzi kuneyona nto iyenzelwe ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukunciphisa amanzi okunciphisa amanzi kusetyenziswa ukufumana amandla athile ekhonkrithi usebenzisa umthamo ophantsi we-samente. Iimveliso ezingezantsi zentente zikhokelela ekukhuphekeni kwe-CO2 kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla nganye ngexabiso lekhonkrit eveliswe. Ngolu hlobo lokuxutyushwa, izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ziphuculwe kwaye zincedise ukubeka ikhonkrete phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ukunciphisa amanzi sele kusetyenziswe ngokuyinhloko kwiibhuloho zebhulorho, ukugqithisa okuphantsi kwekhonkrithi, kunye nokutshiza ikhonkrithi. Uphuhliso olutshanje kwitheknoloji yokudibanisa lukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwamanzi okunciphisa amanzi. 04 - I-Admixtures yeekhonkco: Ukukhawulezisa
Ukukhawuleza i-admixtures yekhonkrithi isetyenziselwa ukwandisa izinga lokuphuhlisa amandla okhonkco okanye ukunciphisa ixesha lokumisela. I-calcium chloride ingabizwa ngokuba yiyona nto iqhelekileyo kwi-accelerator; nangona kunjalo, inokukhuthaza umsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwezinto zentsimbi . Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ezikhonkco ezifana nokuhlanganiswa okufanelekileyo, ukukhutshwa okwaneleyo kunye nokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo umxube kungakunqanda le micimbi ye-corrosion. Ukukhawuleza i-admixtures kubaluleke kakhulu ekuguquleni iiproprete zekrete kwixesha elibandayo. 05 - I-Admixtures yeekhonkco: Ukunciphisa i-Shrinkage
I-shrinkage yokunciphisa i-admixtures yekhonkthi ifakwe kwikhonkrit ngexesha lokuxuba. Olu hlobo lokuxutywa lunokunciphisa ukutywa kwexesha elide kunye nexesha elide. I-shrinkage yokunciphisa i-admixtures ingasetyenziselwa kwiimeko apho ukukhwabanisa kwe-shrinkage kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezizinzileyo okanye apho amaninzi amanxeba e-shrinkage ayengathandeki kwizizathu zoqoqosho okanye zobugcisa. I-shrinkage yokunciphisa i-admixtures, ngamanye amaxesha, ukunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwamandla kokuqala nakumaxesha emva. 06 - I-Admixtures yeekhonkrithi: Iiproplasticizers
Injongo ephambili yokusebenzisa ii-superplastizers kukuba kuveliswe ikhonkthi ehambayo kunye ne-slump ephezulu kwiindawo ezizii-7 ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-9 ukuze zisetyenziswe kwizixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu kunye nokubeka apho ukuhlanganiswa okwaneleyo ngokuzulazula akunakufikeleleka ngokukhawuleza. Esinye isisicelo esibalulekileyo kukuveliswa kwekhonkrit high -strength kwi-w / c ukusuka ku-0.3 ukuya ku-0.4. Kufunyenwe ukuba kwiintlobo zentente, i-superplasticizer iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi. Enye ingxaki ehambelana nokusebenzisa amaninzi okunciphisa amanzi kwikhonkrithi yilahleko yokulahleka. Ikhonkrithi ephezulu yokusebenza equkethe i-superplasticizer inokwenziwa ngokunyamezela okukhulu, kodwa umxholo womoya kufuneka unyuswe ngokubhekiselele kwikhonkrit ngaphandle kwe-superplasticizer. 07 - I-Admixtures yeekhonkrithi: Ukuchithwa kwe-Corrosion-Inhibiting
I-mix mix-inhibiting admixtures iwela kwisigaba sokudibanisa okhethekileyo kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukutshabalalisa ukuqinisa intsimbi kwikhonkrithi. I-corrosion inhibitors inganciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcinwa kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo kulo lonke uhlobo lobomi benkonzo engama-30 ukuya kuma-40. Olunye udidi lwee-admixtures ezibandakanya i-altali-silica reactivity inhibitors. I-mix mix-inhibiting admixtures ayinayo impembelelo emininzi kwiminyaka kamva kodwa ingaqhubela phambili ukuphuhliswa kwamandla okuqala. I-calcium nitrite esekelwe kwi-inhibitors ye-corrosion yenza ukuba ixesha lokumisa i-concretes likhawuleze kwiindawo ezininzi zokuphilisa amaqondo okushisa ngaphandle kokuba zenziwe nge-delay delayed to offset effect.