Ukukhula okukhulu komthengi ngekhompyutha kuye kwabangela ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwikhompyutha yokuphela komsebenzi ekufuneka ibuyiswe kwakhona. Ngaphezulu nje kwedoti, le ngcaciso ingaba yingozi yendalo kunye nempilo. Kwakhona kunika ixabiso ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba izinyithi, iiplastiki eziphinda zenziwe , kunye neengxenye zokugcina.
Ubomi obuphakathi kwikhompyutyana eyiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezi-24 kunye neemveliso ezintsha zedijithali eziphuhliswayo zibonakala ngathi yi-nanosecond, i-electronics recycling ngoku iyona nto ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwimboni yokuvuselela.
Ekubeni i-4.4 yezigidi zeetoni ze-electronic scrap zenziwa kwi-US ngo-2011, ngokwe-ISRI-i-Institute of Recycling Industries.
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-elektroniki "yinkampani yokukhula ngokubanzi," ngokutsho kukaLauren Roman, uMlawuli wezeShishini kwi-E-Stewards, inkqubo yokwenza isitifiketi esilungiswayo ngo-2010 yi-Seattle-based Basel Action Network, kwaye ixhaswe ngamashishini kunye nakwiindawo zendalo. Namhlanje, ukubuyiswa kwakhona kunzima kunzima ukungena ngenxa yeengqinamba zokulawula kunye neziqinisekiso zokuba i-recyclers kufuneka ijongane nayo ngoku.
Umgaqo okhulayo udibanisa kwiingxaki zokungena
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, umRoma wachaza, ishishini lingaxhoma nje i-shingle yalo, qalisa ukuqokelela i-electronics kwaye uqale ukuyichitha.
Izipho zaza kungena kwiintsimbi ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neeplastiki, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha ishishini linga kuthatha amanyathelo okuphucula iinkqubo zalo kunye nokwandisa umthamo wayo we-electronics engenayo yokuphela kwempilo ukwenzela ukuguqula inzuzo enkulu. Isiphumo sendlela enje kubangela ukuba abanye abathathi-nxaxheba bathathe amancinci amancinci.
Oku kwakuquka i-electronics ukuba ichithwe ngendlela engafanelekanga kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye nezinto eziphela kwizixhobo zokuhlawula umhlaba apho izitropu ezinzima zingaphumelela khona.
"Ngoku ngeenkqubo ze-e-certification," umRoma wathi, "uyazi ukuba umququzeleli uphumelele kwinkqubo eqinisekisiweyo yokuqinisekisa. Kubonisa kakuhle ukuba benza into efanelekileyo. "Kukho iiprogram zokuzithandela ezimbini zokuzithandela e-United States. Enye iprogram yeR2 / RIOS eqinisekisiweyo ye-Recycler Electronics, exhaswa yi-ISRI, enye i-E-Stewards.
Umgangatho we-e-Stewards, umzekelo, ubiza abantu abaphinda bahlaziyiweyo ukuba baqede ukuthumela ama-e-wastes ezinobungozi kumazwe asakhulayo; ukunqanda ukulahlwa kwezinto ezinjalo kumatyala omhlaba okanye ngokutshabalalisa, nokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwabantu basejele abathunjiweyo ukulawula ukutshabalalisa i-e- Kwakhona kubandakanya ukukhuselwa okuqinileyo kolwazi lwabucala kwiinkqubo ezenziwe ngokutsha kunye nezikhuselo zempilo zengqesho.
Kukho neenkqubo ezigunyazisiweyo ezenziwe ngamagunya amanyathelo apho umrhwebi kufuneka aqonde, apho kufanelekile. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-electronics recycling e-British Columbia, umzekelo, i-Electronics Recycling Standard iyaxhaswa yi-Encorp, inhlangano engekho inzuzo eyenziwa yi-Electronics Management Stewardship Association yaseBrithani Columbia kwaye ixhaswa ngemali yokusingqongileyo ehlawulwa ngabathengisi abathengisa xa kuthengwa kwemveliso yeekhompyutha.
Iincwadi zokuphicothwa kwee-certified zilawulwa yinkampani yokuhlola i-3.
Ezinye izinto
- INqanaba loTyalomali . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zamashishini kwi-e-recycling sector, kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo ukusuka naphakathi kwezigidi ezimbalwa zeedola kwimali yonyaka ukuthengisa ukuya kwi-$ 50 ukuya kwii-60 yezigidi, ngokutsho kwe-ISRI. Utyalo-mali lunokuba luphantsi kakhulu kumashishini aqokelela, aguqulwe kwaye athumele ekupheleni kobomi beekhompyutheni, ukuya kwizigidi eziliqela kwiinkampani ezifake ubugcisa obuqhelanisiweyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlukana.
- Ixesha kunye neendleko zeSatifikethi . UmRoma wathi ukuxhomekeka kohlobo lwentsebenzo, ixabiso leprogram yesatifikethi lingaba ngu-5,000 ukuya kwii-50,000 zamawaka, kwaye kuthatha iinyanga ezintandathu ukufikelela. Kubani na umntu onzulu ngokungena kwi shishini, Ngokuqhelekileyo yinto efanelekileyo yokusebenzela ukuthobela ukuthotyelwa kwamanyathelo okuqala ekudaleni ishishini.
- Ukhuselo lweSayithi . Ukufikelela ngokukhawulelana kunye nokubeka esweni isibonelelo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ze-e-scrap, ngenxa yenkcazelo yolwazi oluyimfihlo. Ezi zithintelo zibalulekile ekubhenkeleni izibheno kubathengi kwaye zingabhalwa kwiikontraka.
- LezeMpilo noKhuseleko . Kanti olunye uqikelelo luyimpembelelo yempilo nokhuseleko lokusingatha iimveliso ezinobungozi. Ngenxa yokungabonakali kwezinto ezinzima, izixhobo zokubasa umlilo kunye nezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo ngexesha lokubuyisela izinto, abaphinda bahlaziywa kufuneka baqaphele ukuba banezinto ezifana neenkqubo zokuqokelela uthuli olwaneleyo, izakhiwo ezifanayo kunye neendawo zokuhambisa amanzi, kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela.
- Mthetho . Ukwandisa, umthetho welizwe kunye nesigqeba unempembelelo kwishishini lokubuyisela nokunyusa izinga le-tape ebomvu. Oku, nokuba kunjalo, kunokuthi kube negalelo kumashishini ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho ophezulu wokubuyisela apho ukuvalwa kwezinto zokungeniswa komhlaba kumiselwe, kwaye kungavumela ukunyuswa kokunyuka apho amazwe angaphandle kumazwe asakhulayo angaphunyezwa.
Amathuba Ezoshishino Ngaphandle Kwe-E-Recycling
- Ii-Depots zokuqokelela : Ukuhlala kunye nomzekelo waseBrithani Columbia, ukuhamba kwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-electronic scraps starts with depots. Izivumelwano ze-Encorp ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwi-BC ukwamukela izinto ezigunyazisiweyo, apho zifakwe ngokugqithiseleyo ngokohlobo (iikhomputha, ithelevishini, njl.) Kwaye zixutywe, ukuthunyelwa kwiziko lokudibanisa. Amaziko amaninzi eqokelela i-BC asebenza njengebhotile kunye nesiphuzo angabuya amaziko, avelisa ishishini elininzi ngaphezu kwe-e-scrap side of operation. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, amaRoma axelise ukuba enye indlela ephantsi yeendleko zokungena kwi-e-recycling ingaba yindawo yokuqokelela.
- Iingqinisaniso zokuhlanganiswa : Amanqaku okudibanisa yindlela eqhelekileyo kwilizwe lolwazi. Zivumela ukuqokelela okungaphantsi komthwalo (LTL) ukudibaniswa kwiimithwalo ngokupheleleyo ukubonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba. Kwimodeli yase-BC, i-stop next emva kokuba iziko lokuqokelela liziko lokudibanisa. I-Encorp isebenza ngeesithandathu ezinxulumene nazo kwiphondo. Kule ndawo, iimveliso ezifakwe emaphandleni zityalwa kwaye zithintela ukuzakhela ukuzalisa okupheleleyo, ukulingana ukuthumela kwi-recycler. Abaqokeleli bahlawulelwa iinkonzo zabo nge-Encorp, ngokusekelwe kuloo mlinganiselo olinganisiweyo. Kwinkampani enomdla kulolu hlobo loqhagamshelwano lwezentengiselwano, iminyango yokuxhoma ukukhupha nokulayishwa kwezixhobo zokuphatha izithuthi, kwaye indawo yokugcina indawo ekhuselekile yokuqokelela iyadingeka. Kweminye imimandla, kunamathuba okuhlanganiswa nawo.
- Ukubuyiswa kwezinto eziPrayimari : Ekusebenziseni izinto zokubuyisela izinto ezifana ne-Intercon Solutions, i-e-recycler yase-Illinois ene-e-recycler e-Illinois kunye nabasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-100 kwiziko layo eliphambili leenyawo eziyi-25,000, inkunkuma engenayo isuswa kuma-pallets kwaye yenziwe ngama-operators abamba izixhobo ezihlukeneyo kwiindawo zokusebenza izinto eziphathekayo kwi-bin pallet efanelekileyo, kuquka neendidi ezinjengeebhodi zeesekethe, isinyithi, iplastiki kunye neglasi. Kwi-Intercon Solutions, i-100% yezinto ezingenayo zifunyenwe, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ezithunyelwe kwi-landfill. Isiphumo kukuba inkululeko yezinto ezicocekileyo ezithunyelwa kwezinye iiprosesa ezivunyiweyo. UBrian Brundage, i-CEO ye-Intercon Solutions, ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kwetyala lokusingatha inkunkuma. Kwiinkampani ezinkulu, kukho iingqalelo malunga nedumela kunye nexanduva kunye nesidingo sokukhusela ulwazi oluyimfihlo lenkampani.
KwiCycle Solutions, inkampani yaseCanada yokubuyisela izinto, i- pallets engenayo yemveliso iyabonwa kwaye ilandiswa, kunye nebhakisi yebhawudi ibhalwe nganye, inika ubunzima kunye nolwazi lwemveliso. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimiba yezinto eziphathekayo, ihamba kwinkqubo yokuhlukana kwincwadi, okanye ukudibanisa ukuhlukana kwendlela.
UkuPhathwa kweSondlo : Izinto ezicocekileyo zithunyelwa kwezinye izinto ukwenzela ukuqhutyelwa phambili.
Ezinye zezinto eziphathekayo, ezinjengobhedu, zingavelisa imali yengeniso, ngelixa ezinye izinto eziphathekayo, njengeglasi, i-recycler iya kufuneka ihlawule ukuba iqhutywe kakuhle. Enye indlela yokukhululwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokutshabalalisa, okwenza iinyembezi zihluke i-electronic scrap ukuze kulungiswe ukukhululwa kwezixhobo. Isicatshulwa sezinto eziphathekayo sincedwa ngeteknoloji yamanani okukhetha kuquka amatshini, ukuzulazula, ii-optical amadivaysi kunye neengcingo ze-eddy. KwiCycle, inkampani isebenza ngokuphambili kwimisebenzi yamaphondo amahlanu, kodwa iyalela izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezimbini ezinokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuhlambalaza, ngaloo ndlela zonwaba ngokusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibizayo kunye nokucwangciswa kwemishini kwiindawo ezimbini.
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-electronic ngokuqinisekileyo yinkampani yokukhula, kodwa njengamanye amashishini amaninzi, ukulawula iimfuno zomthetho ngokuqhubekayo kuba yinto yezihluthulelo zokuphumelela.