Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoluhlu lwempahla zingatholakala kwindawo yakho yokugcina
- Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza
- Xabiso eliphezulu
- Hybrid
Izinto ezinokuthi zithengise ngokukhawuleza zithengiswa ngokukhawuleza njengoko ziveliswayo, izinto ezixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu ezingathengiswa rhoqo, kunye nolwazi oluthile oluphakathi. Kunenzuzo kwishishini ukukwahlula i-inventory kwindawo yazo yokugcina impahla ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ngokusekelwe kwimiqulu yabo.
Iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yokubeka uluhlu ekuhlaleni izinto zabo kwindawo yokugcina impahla, njenge-ABC.
UkuCwangcisa iMpahla
Imizamo yokuqala yokuhlalutya i-inventory kweso sakhiwo yenziwe yi-General Electric company ngo-1951. Kunconywe ngabanye abasebenzi, uHohn Ford Dickey ukukhetha izinto ngokusekelwe kwintengiso yokuthengisa, ixesha lokukhokela, ukuhamba kwemali, okanye iindleko zokugcina .
Isiphakamiso sakhe kwakukusetyenziso lweziko lokuhlalutya elibizwa ngokuba yi-ABC. Inkqubo iza kubela into kwiqela, elikhethwe yileta A, B, okanye C, ngokusekelwe kwiiparameters ezichazwe kwiqela. Iqela liza kubandakanya izinto ezinempembelelo ephezulu yenkampani, ngelixa iqela leC liza kubandakanya izinto kunye nefuthe eliphantsi.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwiiparameters ezichazwe kwiqela ngalinye, into ingabelwa kwiqela elithile.
Indlela eyahlalwa ngayo i-ABC isekelwe kuMthetho kaPareto, ophazamisa "amaninzi amaninzi" "kubambalwa abambalwa".
Ukwahlula ulwahlulo, oku kuthetha ukuba kunenani elincinci lezinto ezinempembelelo enkulu kwinkampani, ngelixa ubuninzi bezinto ezigcinwe kwintengiso banomphumo omncinci.
ABC Analysis
Xa uhlalutyo lwe-ABC lisetyenziselwa kwindlu yokugcina impahla, i-supply chain okanye i-logistics isebe iza kwenza izigqibo kwiiparitha zamaqela ahlukeneyo.
Ezinye iinkampani ziya kusebenzisa amaqela angaphezu kwama-3 ukuba kukho imfuno yokwehlula okukhulu kwempahla. Oku kungenjalo kwiinkampani ezinezinto ezinkulu kunye neemfuno zokubala izijikelezo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Umgaqo oqhelekileyo wesohlwayo sokuhlenga i-inventory kukuba:
- Inventory kwiqela A akhawunti malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zezinto kwindawo yokugcina kunye nama-80 ekhulwini e-dollar ukusetshenziswa
- Inventory kwiakhawunti yeqela B malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 zezinto kunye neepesenti ezili-15 ze-dollar ukusetshenziswa
- Inventory kwiakhawunti yeqela C malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zezinto kunye ne-5 ekhulwini ye-dollar ukusetshenziswa
Ezinye iinkampani aziyi kusebenzisa i-dollar kodwa ziya kusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuthengisa, iindleko zeyunithi, ixesha elikhokelayo kunye neendleko zokuphatha .
Ukwenza udidi lwe-ABC
Xa isebe logistics lenze isigqibo malunga neeparitha eziza kwenza amaqela A, B, nee-C, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukwenza inkqubo yodidi lwe-ABC.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza inkqubo, ngokusebenzisa i- ERP yesicelo sakho, inkqubo yolawulo lwenkcukacha yakho, okanye ukukhuphela idatha kwi-spreadsheet ye-Excel. Xa kubalwa izibalo, kunye nezinto ezibelwe amaqela abo afanelekileyo, kufuneka zihlaziywe yiSebe lezinto zokusebenza.
Naliphi na inani elibaliweyo, kunokubakho ukungahambi kakuhle okubangela into ethile ukuba ibelwe kwiqela B, xa liyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwinkampani kwaye kufuneka ibe kwiqela A. Ngokufanayo, into ehamba ngokukhawuleza ebone ukuthengisa okungavamile Umsebenzi unokubekwa kwiqela B, xa kufanele kube kwiqela C. Kufikelela kwisebe lolwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezizimeleyo kwi-ABC inkqubo ukwenzela ukuvelisa udidi oluchanekileyo.
Ukubala Inventory
Ngesinye sezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlelwa kwezinto ze-ABC ukubala i-inventory. Ukubala kwemizila kuyasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwindawo yokugcina ukugcina ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-stock-moving stock or stock stocking most important to the business is counted, kanti i-inventory ye-import import is counted less.
Izabelo ze-ABC zisetyenziselwa ukuqala ukubala kwizinto ezithile.
Ngokomzekelo, izinto ezikwinqanaba A zingabalwa nganye nyanga, ngelixa izinto kwiqela C zingabalwa zonke iinyanga ezintandathu.
Eli nqaku liye lahlaziywa nguGary W. Marion, iNkxaso yeZibonelelo kunye neLogistics Expert ye-Balance.